Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
Bunker Fuels (International) Fuels consumed for international marine and air transportation.
Catalytic Cycle A cycle of chemical reactions, involving several chemical compounds, that depends on the presence of a specific compound which remains
unchanged during these reactions.
Charged Particles Particles carrying a positive or negative electric charge.
Chemi-ion Charged cluster of a few molecules.
Cirrus High, thin clouds composed of mainly ice particles.
Climate Model A numerical representation of the climate system. Climate models are of two basic types: (1) static, in which atmospheric motions are neglected or are
represented with a simple parameterization scheme such as diffusion; and (2) dynamic, in which atmospheric motions are explicitly represented with equations. The
latter category includes general circulation models (GCMs).
Cluster A set of molecules forming an entity.
Coagulation Collision between two (or more) particles resulting in one larger particle.
Combustion Efficiency Ratio of the heat released in combustion to the heat available from the fuel.
Condensation The process of phase transition from gas to liquid.
Condensation Nucleus A particle that can be activated to continual growth through the condensation of water by exposure to a high supersaturation with respect to
water.
Contrail Condensation trail (i.e., white line-cloud often visible behind aircraft).
Differential Mobility Analysis A technique for measuring a particle's size by putting an electric charge on it, and measuring its electric mobility in an electric field.
Direct Radiative Impact Radiative forcing of aerosols or gases by scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation.
Dp/F00 The ICAO regulatory parameter for gaseous emissions, expressed as the mass of the pollutant emitted during the landing/take-off (LTO) cycle divided by the
rated thrust (maximum take-off power) of the engine.
Economies in Transition National economies that are moving from a period of heavy government control toward lessened intervention, increased privatization, and
greater use of competition.
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