Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
produce many different emissions. However, only emissions that have been derived for use within the ICAO LTO cycle certification process-such as HC, CO, NO x , and
smoke-or are easily correlated using simple conversion factors related to fuel burn (such as CO 2 , H 2 O, and SO x O) have been included in significant numbers in
today's inventory studies. Apart from the major exhaust emissions, a large variety of minor species are produced. HC emissions, which are typically reported as
equivalent mass of CH 4 , can be broken down into numerous complex compounds. There has not been sufficient characterization to date for global inventory purposes,
with most of the available data acquired from a selection of military engines using kerosene-type fuel with different specifications. Additionally, nitrous oxides (N 2 O)
have not been rigorously characterized. Other emissions are not currently modeled in emissions databases because of very small quantity or the fact that little data
exists. This subject is further discussed in Section 7.6.
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