Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/067.htm (3 von 4)08.05.2008 02:42:51
Figure 6-5: a) Radiative forcing components
resulting from the IS92a emission scenario for
1990 to 2100. The "Total Non-CO 2 Trace
Gases" curve includes the radiative forcing
from CH 4 (including CH 4 -related increases in
stratospheric water vapor), N 2 O, tropospheric
O 3 , and the halocarbons (including the
negative forcing effect of stratospheric O3 depletion). Halocarbon emissions have been
modified to take account of the Montreal
Protocol and its Adjustments and
Amendments. The three aerosol components
are direct sulfate, indirect sulfate, and direct
biomass burning.
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Figure 6-5: b) Non-CO 2 trace gas radiative
forcing components. "Cl/Br direct" is the direct
radiative forcing resulting from Cl- and Brcontaining
halocarbons; emissions are
assumed to be controlled under the Montreal
Protocol and its Adjustments and
Amendments. The indirect forcing from these
compounds (through stratospheric O3 depletion) is shown separately (Strat. O3 ). All
other emissions follow the IS92a scenario.
The tropospheric O 3 forcing (Trop. O 3 ) takes
account of concentration changes resulting
only from the indirect effect from CH 4 (IPCC,
1996, Figure 6b-c).