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Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

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<strong>Aviation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Atmosphere</strong><br />

Schumann, U., 1996a: On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 5, 4­23.<br />

Schumann, U. (ed.), 1996b: Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic Flight Corridor (POLINAT). Air Pollution Research Report 58, Report EUR-16978-<br />

EN, Office for Official Publications of <strong>the</strong> European Communities, Luxembourg, 303 pp.<br />

Schumann, U. <strong>and</strong> P. Wendling, 1990: Determination of contrails from satellite data <strong>and</strong> observational results. In: Air Traffic <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Environment--Background,<br />

Tendencies, <strong>and</strong> Potential <strong>Global</strong> Atmospheric Effects [Schumann, U. (ed.)]. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 138­153.<br />

Schumann, U., P. Konopka, R. Baumann, R. Busen, T. Gerz, H. Schlager, P. Schulte, <strong>and</strong> H. Volkert, 1995: Estimate of diffusion parameters of aircraft exhaust<br />

plumes near <strong>the</strong> tropopause from nitric oxide <strong>and</strong> turbulence measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 14147­14162.<br />

Schumann, U., J. Ström, R. Busen, R. Baumann, K. Gierens, M. Krautstrunk, F.P. Schröder, <strong>and</strong> J. Stingl, 1996: In situ observations of particles in jet aircraft<br />

exhausts <strong>and</strong> contrails for different sulfur containing fuels. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 6853­6869.<br />

Schumann, U., F. Arnold, B. Droste-Franke, T. Dürbeck, C. Feigl, F. Flatoy, I.J. Ford, D.E. Hagen, G.D. Hayman, A.R. Hopkins, O. Hov, H. Huntrieser, I.S.A. Isaksen,<br />

C.E. Johnson, J.E. Jonson, H. Kelder, G. Kirchner, M. Klemm, I. Köhler, P. Konopka, A. Kraabol, H. Ovarlez, J. Overlez, J. Paladino, R. Sausen, H. Schlager, J.<br />

Schneider, P. Schulte, D.S. Stevenson, F. Stordal, H. Teitelbaum, P. van Velthoven, W. Wauben, P.D. Whitefield, <strong>and</strong> H. Ziereis, 1997: Pollution from aircraft emission<br />

in <strong>the</strong> North Atlantic flight corridor--overview on <strong>the</strong> results of <strong>the</strong> POLINAT project. In: Impact of Aircraft upon <strong>the</strong> <strong>Atmosphere</strong>. Proceedings of an international<br />

scientific colloquium, 15­18 October 1996, Paris, France. Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Chatillon, France, Vol. I, pp. 63­68.<br />

Schumann, U., H. Schlager, F. Arnold, R. Baumann, P. Haschberger, <strong>and</strong> O. Klemm, 1998: Dilution of aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise altitudes. Atmospheric<br />

Environment, 32, 3097­3103.<br />

Schwartz, S.E, 1996: The whitehouse effect--shortwave radiative forcing of climate by anthropogenic aerosols: an overview. Journal of Aerosol Science, 27, 359­382.<br />

Sheridan, P.J., C.A. Brock, <strong>and</strong> J.C. Wilson, 1994: Aerosol particles in <strong>the</strong> upper troposphere <strong>and</strong> lower stratosphere: elemental composition <strong>and</strong> morphology of<br />

individual particles in nor<strong>the</strong>rn midlatitudes. Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 2587­2590.<br />

Slemr, F., H. Giehl, J. Slemr, R. Busen, P. Haschberger, <strong>and</strong> P. Schulte, 1998: In-flight measurements of aircraft non-methane hydrocarbon emission indices.<br />

Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 321­324.<br />

Solomon, S., S. Borrmann, R.R. Garcia, R. Portmann, L. Thomason, L.R. Poole, D. Winker, <strong>and</strong> M.P. McCormick, 1997: Heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in <strong>the</strong><br />

tropopause region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 21411­21429.<br />

Spicer, C.W., M.W. Holdren, D.L. Smith, D.P. Hughes, <strong>and</strong> M.D. Smith, 1992: Chemical composition of exhaust from aircraft turbine engines. Journal of Engineering<br />

<strong>and</strong> Gas Turbine Power, 114, 111­115.<br />

Spicer, C.W., M.W. Holdren, R.M. Riggin, <strong>and</strong> T.F. Lyon, 1994: Chemical composition <strong>and</strong> photochemical reactivity of exhaust from aircraft turbine engines. Annales<br />

Geophysicae, 12, 944­955.<br />

http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/043.htm (6 von 11)08.05.2008 02:42:15

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