Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

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Aviation and the Global Atmosphere Rebetez, M. and M. Beniston, 1998: Changes in sunshine duration are correlated with changes in daily temperature range this century: an analysis of Swiss climatology data. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 36113613. Reiner, T. and F. Arnold, 1993: Laboratory flow reactor measurements of the reaction SO3 + H2O + M Æ H2SO4 + M: implications for gaseous H2SO4 and aerosol formation. Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 26592662. Rickey, J.E., 1995: The Effect of Altitude Conditions on the Particle Emissions of a J85-GE-5L Turbojet Engine. NASA-TM-106669, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Washington, DC, USA, 52 pp. Roeckner, E., L. Bengtsson, J. Feichter, J. Lelieveld, and H. Rodhe, 1998: Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including the tropospheric sulfur cycle. Report no. 266, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany, July 1998, 48 pp. Rogaski, C.A., D.M. Golden, and L.R. Williams, 1997: Reactive uptake and hydration experiments on amorphous carbon treated with NO2 , SO2 , HNO2 and H2SO4 . Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 381384. Rogers, D.C., P. DeMott, S.M. Kreidenweis, and Y. Chen, 1998: Measurements of ice-nucleating aerosols during SUCCESS. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1383 1386. Rosen, J.M., N.T. Kjome, and J.B. Liley, 1997: Tropospheric aerosol backscatter at a mid-latitude site in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 2132921339. Rossow, W.B. and R.A. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 72, 220. Russell, P.B., S.A. Kinne, and R.W. Bergstrom, 1997: Aerosol climate effects: local radiative forcing and column closure experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 93979407. Sassen, K., 1992: Evidence for liquid-phase cirrus cloud formation from volcanic aerosols: climatic implications. Science, 257, 516519. Sassen, K., 1997: Contrail-cirrus and their potential for regional climate change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 18851903. Sassen, K., D.O. Starr, G.G. Mace, M.R. Poellot, S.H. Melfi, W.L. Eberhard, J.D. Spinhirne, E.W. Eloranta, D.E. Hagen, and J. Hallett, 1995: The 56 December 1991 FIRE IFO II jet stream cirrus case study: possible influences of volcanic aerosols. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 52, 97123. Sato, M., J.E. Hansen, M.P. McCormick, and J.B. Pollack, 1993: Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 18501990. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 2298722994. Sausen, R., and I. Koehler, 1994: Simulating the global transport of nitrogen oxides emissions from aircraft. Annales Geophysicae, 12, 394402. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/043.htm (4 von 11)08.05.2008 02:42:15
Aviation and the Global Atmosphere Sausen, R., K. Gierens, M. Ponater, and U. Schumann, 1998: A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails. Part I: Present day climate. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 61, 127141. Saxena, P., L.M. Hildemann, P.H. McMurry, and J.H. Seinfeld, 1995: Organics alter hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 1875518770. Schlager, H., P. Schulte, H. Ziereis, F. Arnold, J. Ovarlez, P. van Velthoven, and U. Schumann, 1996: Airborne observations of large scale accumulations of air traffic emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor within a stagnant anticyclone. In: Impact of Aircraft Emissions upon the Atmosphere. Proceedings of a scientific colloquium, 1518 October 1996, Paris, France. Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Chatillon, France, Vol. 1, pp. 247252. Schlager, H., P. Konopka, P. Schulte, U. Schumann, H. Ziereis, F. Arnold, M. Klemm, D.E. Hagen, and P.D. Whitefield, 1997: In situ observations of air-traffic emission signatures in the North Atlantic flight corridor. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 1073910750. Schmidt, E., 1941: Die Entstehung von Eisnebel aus den Auspuffgasen von Flugmotoren. In: Schriften der Deutschen Akademie der Luftfahrtforschung. Verlag R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Berlin, Germany, Vol. 44, pp. 115. Schmitt, A. and B. Brunner, 1997: Emissions from aviation and their development over time. In: Pollutants from Air Traffic Results of Atmospheric Research 1992 1997 [Schumann, U., A. Chlond, A. Ebel, B. Kärcher, H. Pak, H. Schlager, A. Schmitt, and P. Wendling (eds.)]. DLR-Mitteilung 97-04, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany, pp. 3752. Schröder, F. and J. Ström, 1997: Aircraft measurements of submicrometer aerosol particles (> 7 nm) in the mid-latitude free troposphere and tropopause region. Atmospheric Research, 44, 333356. Schröder, F.P., B. Kärcher, A. Petzold, R. Baumann, R. Busen, C. Hoell, and U. Schumann, 1998a: Ultrafine aerosol particles in aircraft plumes: in situ observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 27892792. Schröder, F., B. Kärcher, C. Duroure, J. Ström, A. Petzold, J.-F. Gayet, B. Strauss, and P. Wendling, 1998b: On the transition of contrails into cirrus clouds. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, (submitted). Schoeberl, M.R., C.H. Jackman, and J.E. Rosenfield, 1998: A Lagrangian estimate of aircraft effluent lifetime. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 1081710825. Schulte, P., H. Schlager, H. Ziereis, U. Schumann, S.L. Baughcum, and F. Deidewig, 1997: NOx emission indices of subsonic long-range jet aircraft at cruise altitude: in situ measurements and predictions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 2143121442. Schulz, J., 1998: On the effect of cloud inhomogeneity on area-averaged radiative properties of contrails. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 14271430. Schumann, U., 1994: On the effect of emissions from aircraft engines on the state of the atmosphere. Annales Geophysicae, 12, 365384. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/043.htm (5 von 11)08.05.2008 02:42:15
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