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Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

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<strong>Aviation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Atmosphere</strong><br />

6.3.4. Radiative Forcing for CH4<br />

6.3.5. Radiative Forcing for H2O<br />

6.3.6. Uncertainties<br />

6.4. Radiative Forcing from Aircraft-Induced Changes in Aerosols <strong>and</strong> Cloudiness<br />

6.4.1. Direct Radiative Forcing from Sulfate Aerosols<br />

6.4.2. Direct Radiative Forcing from Black Carbon Aerosols<br />

6.4.3. Radiative Forcing from Persistent Contrails <strong>and</strong> Indirect Effects on Clouds<br />

6.4.4. Future Scenarios<br />

6.4.5. Uncertainties<br />

6.5. Relation between Radiative Forcing <strong>and</strong> Climate Change<br />

6.5.1. Radiative Forcing <strong>and</strong> Limits of <strong>the</strong> Concept<br />

6.5.2. Climate Signatures of Aircraft-Induced Ozone Perturbations<br />

6.6. The Role of Aircraft in Climate Change- An Evaluation of Sample Scenarios<br />

6.6.1. Individual Components of Radiative Forcing<br />

6.6.2. Uncertainties <strong>and</strong> Confidence Intervals<br />

6.6.3. Aircraft as a Fraction of Total Radiative Forcing<br />

6.6.4. The HSCT Option <strong>and</strong> Radiative Forcing<br />

6.6.5 Climate Change<br />

6.6.6. <strong>Aviation</strong> <strong>and</strong> Anthropogenic Change<br />

References<br />

MICHAEL PRATHER AND ROBERT SAUSEN<br />

Lead Authors: A.S. Grossman, J.M. Haywood, D. Rind, B.H. Subbaraya<br />

Contributors: P. Forster, A. Jain, M. Ponater, U. Schumann, W.-C. Wang, T.M.L. Wigley, D.J. Wuebbles<br />

Review Editor: D. Yihui<br />

http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/063.htm (2 von 3)08.05.2008 02:41:00

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