Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

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Aviation and the Global Atmosphere Publication 1400, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 168 pp. Fuglestvedt, J.S., T.K. Berntsen, I.S.A. Isaksen, H. Mao, X.-Z. Liang, and W.-C. Wang, 1999: Climatic forcing of nitrogen oxides through changes in tropospheric ozone and methane; global 3D model studies. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 961-977. Fuglestvedt, J.S., I.S.A. Isaksen, and W.C. Wang, 1996: Estimates of indirect global warming potentials for CH 4 , CO, and NO x . Climatic Change, 34, 405-437. Gao, R.-S., B. Kärcher, E.R. Kein, and D.W. Fahey, 1998: Constraining the heterogeneous loss of O3 on soot particles with observations in jet engine exhaust plumes. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3323-3326. Gao, R.-S., D.W. Fahey, R.J. Salawitch, S.A. Lloyd, D.E. Anderson, R. DeMajistre, C.T. McElroy, E.L. Woodbridge, R.C. Wamsley, S.G. Donnelly, L.A. Del Negro, M. H. Proffitt, R.M. Stimpfle, D.W. Kohn, S.R. Kawa, L.R. Lait, M. Loewenstein, J.R. Podolske, E.R. Keim, J.E. Dye, J.C. Wilson, and K.R. Chan, 1997: Partitioning of the reactive nitrogen reservoir in the lower stratosphere of the southern hemisphere: observations and modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 3935-3949. Gardner, R.M., K. Adams, T. Cook, F. Deidewig, S. Ernedal, R. Falk, E. Fleuti, E. Herms, C.E. Johnson, M. Lecht, D.S. Lee, M. Leech, D. Lister, B. Masse, M. Metcalfe, P. Newton, A. Schmitt, C. Vandenbergh, and R. Van Drimmelen, 1997: The ANCAT/EC global inventory of NO x emissions from aircraft. Atmospheric Environment, 31, 1751-1766. Garnier, F., L. Jacquin, and A. Laverdant, 1996: Engine jet entrainment in the near field of an aircraft: impact of aircraft emissions upon the atmosphere. In: Impact of Aircraft Emissions upon the Atmosphere. Proceedings of an international scientific colloquium, 15-18 October 1996, Paris, France. Office Nationale d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Chatillon, France, Vol. I, pp. 483-489. Gerecke, A., A. Thielmann, L. Gutzwiller, and M.J. Rossi, 1998: The chemical kinetics of HONO formation resulting from heterogeneous interaction of NO2 with flame soot. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 2453-2456. Gerz, T. and T. Ehret, 1997: Wingtip vortices and exhaust jets during the jet regime of aircraft wakes. Aerospace Science Technology, 1, 463-474. Gerz, T. and B. Kärcher, 1997. Dilution of aircraft exhaust and entrainment rates for trajectory box models. In: Impact of Aircraft Emissions upon the Atmosphere. Proceedings of an international scientific colloquium, 15-18 October 1996, Paris, France. Office Nationale d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Chatillon, France, Vol. I, pp. 271-276. Gettelman, A. and S.L. Baughcum, 1999. Direct deposition of subsonic aircraft emissions into the stratosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, (in press). Hanson, D.R., 1992: The uptake of HNO 3 onto ice, NAT, and frozen sulfuric-acid. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 2063-2066. Hanson, D.R. and A.R. Ravishankara, 1991: The reaction probabilities of ClONO2 and N2O5 on 40 to 75% sulfuric acid solutions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 17307-17314. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/029.htm (5 von 15)08.05.2008 02:41:50
Aviation and the Global Atmosphere Hanson, D.R. and A.R. Ravishankara, 1992: Investigation of the reactive and nonreactive processes involving ClONO 2 and HCl on water and nitric acid doped ice. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 96, 2682-2691. Hanson, D.R., A.R. Ravishankara, and E.R. Lovejoy, 1996: Reaction of BrONO2 with H2O on submicron acid aerosol and the implications for the lower stratosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 9063-9069. Harris, N.R.P., G. Ancellet, L. Bishop, D.J. Hofmann, J.B. Kerr, R.D. McPeters, M. Prendez, W.J. Randel, J. Shaehelin, A. Volz-Thomas, J. Zawodny, and C.S. Zerofros, 1997: Trends in stratospheric and free tropospheric ozone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 1571-1590. Hauglustaine, D.A., B.A. Ridley, S. Solomon, P.G. Hess, and S. Madronich, 1996: HNO3 /NOx ratio in the remote troposphere during MLOPEX-2: evidence for nitric acid reduction on carbonaceous aerosols. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 2609-2612. Hayman, G.D. and M. Markiewicz, 1996: Chemical modelling of the aircraft exhaust plume. In: Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor [Schumann, U. (ed.)]. EUR-16978-EN, Office for Publications of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 280-297. Hidalgo, H. and P.J. Crutzen, 1977: The tropospheric and stratospheric composition perturbed by NOx emissions of high-altitude aircraft. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 5833-5866. Hintsa, E.J., P.A. Newman, H.H. Jonsson, C.R. Webster, R.D. May, R.L. Herman, L.R. Lait, M.R. Schoeberl, J.W. Elkins, P.R. Wamsley, G.S. Dutton, T.P. Bui, D.W. Kohn, and I.G. Anderson, 1998: Dehydration and denitrification in the Arctic polar vortex during the 1995-1996 winter. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 501-504. Hoinka, K.P., M.E. Reinhardt, and W. Metz, 1993: North Atlantic air traffic within the lower stratosphere: cruising times and corresponding emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 23, 113-123, 131. Hofmann, D.J. and S. Solomon, 1989: Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichon. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 5029-5041. Hofmann, D.J., 1993: 20 years of balloon-borne tropospheric aerosol measurements at Laramie, Wyoming. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 12753-12766. Holton, J.R., P.H. Haynes, M.E. McIntyre, A.R. Douglass, R.B. Rood, and L. Pfister, 1995: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Review of Geophysics, 33, 403-409. Horowitz, L.W., J.Y. Liang, G.M. Gardner, and D.J. Jacob, 1998: Export of reactive nitrogen from North-America during summertime-sensitivity to hydrocarbon chemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 13451-13476. Hoshizaki, H., L.B. Anderson, R.J. Conti, N. Farlow, J.W. Meyer, T. Overcamp, K.O. Redler, and V. Watson, 1975: Aircraft wake microscale phenomena. In: CIAP Monograph 3, The Stratosphere Perturbed by Propulsion Effluent. DOT-TST-75-53, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA, 77 pp. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/029.htm (6 von 15)08.05.2008 02:41:50
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