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Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

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<strong>Aviation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Atmosphere</strong><br />

Publication 1400, National Aeronautics <strong>and</strong> Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 168 pp.<br />

Fuglestvedt, J.S., T.K. Berntsen, I.S.A. Isaksen, H. Mao, X.-Z. Liang, <strong>and</strong> W.-C. Wang, 1999: Climatic forcing of nitrogen oxides through changes in tropospheric<br />

ozone <strong>and</strong> methane; global 3D model studies. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 961-977.<br />

Fuglestvedt, J.S., I.S.A. Isaksen, <strong>and</strong> W.C. Wang, 1996: Estimates of indirect global warming potentials for CH 4 , CO, <strong>and</strong> NO x . Climatic Change, 34, 405-437.<br />

Gao, R.-S., B. Kärcher, E.R. Kein, <strong>and</strong> D.W. Fahey, 1998: Constraining <strong>the</strong> heterogeneous loss of O3 on soot particles with observations in jet engine exhaust plumes.<br />

Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3323-3326.<br />

Gao, R.-S., D.W. Fahey, R.J. Salawitch, S.A. Lloyd, D.E. Anderson, R. DeMajistre, C.T. McElroy, E.L. Woodbridge, R.C. Wamsley, S.G. Donnelly, L.A. Del Negro, M.<br />

H. Proffitt, R.M. Stimpfle, D.W. Kohn, S.R. Kawa, L.R. Lait, M. Loewenstein, J.R. Podolske, E.R. Keim, J.E. Dye, J.C. Wilson, <strong>and</strong> K.R. Chan, 1997: Partitioning of <strong>the</strong><br />

reactive nitrogen reservoir in <strong>the</strong> lower stratosphere of <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn hemisphere: observations <strong>and</strong> modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 3935-3949.<br />

Gardner, R.M., K. Adams, T. Cook, F. Deidewig, S. Ernedal, R. Falk, E. Fleuti, E. Herms, C.E. Johnson, M. Lecht, D.S. Lee, M. Leech, D. Lister, B. Masse, M.<br />

Metcalfe, P. Newton, A. Schmitt, C. V<strong>and</strong>enbergh, <strong>and</strong> R. Van Drimmelen, 1997: The ANCAT/EC global inventory of NO x emissions from aircraft. Atmospheric<br />

Environment, 31, 1751-1766.<br />

Garnier, F., L. Jacquin, <strong>and</strong> A. Laverdant, 1996: Engine jet entrainment in <strong>the</strong> near field of an aircraft: impact of aircraft emissions upon <strong>the</strong> atmosphere. In: Impact of<br />

Aircraft Emissions upon <strong>the</strong> <strong>Atmosphere</strong>. Proceedings of an international scientific colloquium, 15-18 October 1996, Paris, France. Office Nationale d'Etudes et de<br />

Recherches Aerospatiales, Chatillon, France, Vol. I, pp. 483-489.<br />

Gerecke, A., A. Thielmann, L. Gutzwiller, <strong>and</strong> M.J. Rossi, 1998: The chemical kinetics of HONO formation resulting from heterogeneous interaction of NO2 with flame<br />

soot. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 2453-2456.<br />

Gerz, T. <strong>and</strong> T. Ehret, 1997: Wingtip vortices <strong>and</strong> exhaust jets during <strong>the</strong> jet regime of aircraft wakes. Aerospace Science Technology, 1, 463-474.<br />

Gerz, T. <strong>and</strong> B. Kärcher, 1997. Dilution of aircraft exhaust <strong>and</strong> entrainment rates for trajectory box models. In: Impact of Aircraft Emissions upon <strong>the</strong> <strong>Atmosphere</strong>.<br />

Proceedings of an international scientific colloquium, 15-18 October 1996, Paris, France. Office Nationale d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Chatillon, France,<br />

Vol. I, pp. 271-276.<br />

Gettelman, A. <strong>and</strong> S.L. Baughcum, 1999. Direct deposition of subsonic aircraft emissions into <strong>the</strong> stratosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, (in press).<br />

Hanson, D.R., 1992: The uptake of HNO 3 onto ice, NAT, <strong>and</strong> frozen sulfuric-acid. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 2063-2066.<br />

Hanson, D.R. <strong>and</strong> A.R. Ravishankara, 1991: The reaction probabilities of ClONO2 <strong>and</strong> N2O5 on 40 to 75% sulfuric acid solutions. Journal of Geophysical Research,<br />

96, 17307-17314.<br />

http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/aviation/029.htm (5 von 15)08.05.2008 02:41:50

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