Aviation and the Global Atmosphere

Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
system users, and produces considerable extra energy consumption and emissions. During 1996, for
example, 15.4% of flights in Europe incurred an average delay of 16.7 minutes. In the United States of
America, the average delay for domestic departures was 7.2 minutes.
Growth in demand for aviation averaged about 5% per year for the period 1980-95. The industry expects
demand to continue to rise, though not monotonically. Aviation growth may be estimated reasonably well
in the near term, but forecasts are subject to greater uncertainty beyond a 5-10 year period because of
changes in factors such as the real cost of air travel, economic activity, new market opportunities, world
disposable income trends, world political stability, tourism, and air transport liberalization.
An aircraft is a major investment, with a useful economic life of 25 years or more. Operation of an aircraft
includes airframe and engine performance. The performance of an aircraft must address the overriding
issue of safety, as well as mission or performance efficiencies, economics, and environmental objectives.
ICAO is the responsible organization to ensure that such objectives are met on an internationally
harmonized level as far as possible.
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Figure 1-2: Impacts of aviation on the
atmosphere.
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