Andrew Louth - Syriac Christian Church
Andrew Louth - Syriac Christian Church Andrew Louth - Syriac Christian Church
DIFFICULTY 71 INTRODUCTION This is the last of the early collection of Difficulties, and differs from the rest in being uniquely on a passage from one of Gregory Nazianzen’s poems, rather than on a passage from his sermons. Gregory’s couplet on the ‘high Word’ playing ‘in every kind of form’ recalls the similar imagery, used to rather different purpose, by Gerard Manley Hopkins: For Christ plays in ten thousand places, Lovely in limbs, and lovely in eyes not his To the Father through the features of men’s faces. 1 This Difficulty provides a striking example of Maximus’ tendency (already seen in Amb. 10.17, 31b–e) to interpret the Dionysian categories of apophatic and cataphatic theology in terms of the Incarnation. This is developed in the first meditation he offers on the couplet from Gregory’s poem. Maximus goes on to offer several other interpretations. First, another Christological interpretation that sees the ‘play of the Word’ like the weaving about of a wrestler, so that the paradox of ‘divine play’ is interpreted by another paradox, that of ‘still flowing’, understood as a holding to the middle, in an active, agile way: this interpretation should be compared with the way in which Maximus talks of the Word in the Incarnation fulfilling the mediatorial, microcosmic role of humanity in Amb. 41, above. This play is also compared to the way in which parents come down to the level of their children, with the intention of educating them through play. The last two interpretations offered compare play to the shifting character of the world in which we live: such play is again pedagogic, and leads us to higher, unchanging reality.
162 TEXTS 1408C D 1409A B TEXT Of the same, from his songs: The high Word plays in every kind of form, mixing, as he wills, with his world here and there. 2 When the great David, in accordance with faith alone in the spirit, directed his mind through the latches, as it were, of the phenomena towards the intelligible, he received from the divine wisdom a certain trace of the mysteries for which human beings long, then, I think, he said, Abyss calls to abyss in the noise of your cataracts (Psa. 41:8). By this he perhaps shows that every contemplative mind, because of its invisible nature and the depth and multitude of its thoughts, is to be compared to an abyss, since it passes beyond the ordered array of the phenomena and comes to the place of intelligible reality. Or again, when in faith by the vehemence of its movement it passes beyond what is fitting, and comes to rest in itself, in every way fixed and unmoved, because it has passed beyond everything, then it necessarily calls upon the divine wisdom, which to the understanding is really and truly the unfathomable abyss, to give to it the noise of the divine cataracts, but not the cataracts themselves, as it asks to receive in faith a certain trace of knowledge of the ways of divine providence concerning the universe. Through this it will be able to remember God from the land of Jordan and Hermon (Psa. 41:7), in which was accomplished the great and dreadful mystery in the flesh of the divine descent to the human level of God the Word. In that mystery the truth of piety towards God is given to human beings, which transcends any natural order and capacity. The divine Paul, the great Apostle, who is both an initiate himself and initiates others in the divine and secretly-known wisdom, calls [this mystery] the foolishness of God and his weakness, because, I think, of its transcendent wisdom and power; the great and divinely-minded Gregory calls it play, because of its transcendent prudence. 3 For Paul says, The foolishness of God is wiser than men and the weakness of God is stronger than men (1 Cor. 1:25); while Gregory says, ‘The high Word plays in every kind of form, mixing, as he wills, with his world here and there.’ Each, by privation of what with us are most powerful attributes, points to what the divine possesses, and by negations of what is ours makes affirmation of the divine. 4 For with us foolishness,
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162 TEXTS<br />
1408C<br />
D<br />
1409A<br />
B<br />
TEXT<br />
Of the same, from his songs:<br />
The high Word plays in every kind of form, mixing, as he wills,<br />
with his world here and there. 2<br />
When the great David, in accordance with faith alone in the<br />
spirit, directed his mind through the latches, as it were, of the<br />
phenomena towards the intelligible, he received from the<br />
divine wisdom a certain trace of the mysteries for which<br />
human beings long, then, I think, he said, Abyss calls to abyss<br />
in the noise of your cataracts (Psa. 41:8). By this he perhaps<br />
shows that every contemplative mind, because of its invisible<br />
nature and the depth and multitude of its thoughts, is to be<br />
compared to an abyss, since it passes beyond the ordered array<br />
of the phenomena and comes to the place of intelligible reality.<br />
Or again, when in faith by the vehemence of its movement it<br />
passes beyond what is fitting, and comes to rest in itself, in<br />
every way fixed and unmoved, because it has passed beyond<br />
everything, then it necessarily calls upon the divine wisdom,<br />
which to the understanding is really and truly the<br />
unfathomable abyss, to give to it the noise of the divine<br />
cataracts, but not the cataracts themselves, as it asks to<br />
receive in faith a certain trace of knowledge of the ways of<br />
divine providence concerning the universe. Through this it will<br />
be able to remember God from the land of Jordan and Hermon<br />
(Psa. 41:7), in which was accomplished the great and dreadful<br />
mystery in the flesh of the divine descent to the human level<br />
of God the Word. In that mystery the truth of piety towards<br />
God is given to human beings, which transcends any natural<br />
order and capacity. The divine Paul, the great Apostle, who is<br />
both an initiate himself and initiates others in the divine and<br />
secretly-known wisdom, calls [this mystery] the foolishness of<br />
God and his weakness, because, I think, of its transcendent<br />
wisdom and power; the great and divinely-minded Gregory<br />
calls it play, because of its transcendent prudence. 3 For Paul<br />
says, The foolishness of God is wiser than men and the<br />
weakness of God is stronger than men (1 Cor. 1:25); while<br />
Gregory says, ‘The high Word plays in every kind of form,<br />
mixing, as he wills, with his world here and there.’ Each, by<br />
privation of what with us are most powerful attributes, points<br />
to what the divine possesses, and by negations of what is ours<br />
makes affirmation of the divine. 4 For with us foolishness,