Positive Goal

;kmntf / ;DkGgtfsf] nflu
/fli6«o dfl;s klqsf
3/sf] lzIfs
…h]g s'dÚ sf]
nf]enfUbf]
;kmntf
Knfhf] k]G6sf] hfb'
k9fO{df dg
nufpg] dGq
;fpg @)&$
c+u|]hL
n]Vbf Wofg
lbg' kg]{
s'/fx?
hnljGb'
Un'sf]df
s] xf]

@ . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, h]7
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, h]7 . #

o; leqsf c+sx?
emns
$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$ ;fpg
k|]/s k|;·
…h]g s'dÚsf] nf]enfUbf] ;kmntf ====================================&
JolQmTj ljsf;
;'vL hLjgsf % dGqx? =============================================!!
;kmntfsf] lzv/df /xg] % pkfo ================================!@
hLjg abNg] rf0fSosf !) dGqx? ===============================!$
:jf:Yo
hnljGb' Un'sf]df s] xf]

;sf/fTds nIo
;kmntf / ;DkGgtfsf] nflu
jif{ – %, c+s – %*
sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= @(%÷)^*÷)^(
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs
hLjg e'h]n
k|aGw lgb]{zs
cr{gf lnDa'
lgb]{zs
k'ikf e'h]n
;+kfbsLo ;xsdL{
lty{ e'h]n
z'idf /fO
kbd a= l/lsdL du/
e"kfn e'h]n
tl:j/
cdg >]i7
snf ;+of]hg
lgzf klnv]
6fOk /fO6/
s';'d lnDa'
ahf/ Joj:yfks
z'lznf /fO{
;Gh' lnDa'
/+lhtf du/
cfZyf >]i7
;/Ltf lnªb]g
dfs]{l6·
lji0f' sfsL{ -lrq/]vf cfo'j]{lbs_
pnf{af/L
;Nnfxsf/
ltnsh+u v8\sf
an/fd kf]v/]n
sfof{no 7]ufgf
sf]6]Zj/–#%, sf7df8f}
Email : posgom@yahoo.com
k"jf{~rn ;Dk{s M )@%–%@!(%#
ef]6]k'n, w/fg
d'b|s M lk|G6 lk|Eo" ckm;]6 k|];,sf7df8f}
^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
&; n
;DkfbsLo
;kmntfsf hlt klg pbfx/0f ;'gf}nf] cIf/df n]lvPsf 5g\ . lt
;a}n] hLjgdf s'g} g s'g} ?Kfdf c;kmntfsf] :jfb rfv]sf 5g\ . o;
;Gbe{df yf]d; PNjf P8L;g eGbf /fd|f] c? s'g} pbfx/0f x'g ;Sb}g . h;n]
Pp6f aNj agfpgsf nflu !))) k6s c;kmntfsf] :jfb rfVg' k¥of] .
yf]d; h:tf w]/} sd JolQm x'G5g\ , hf] ;kmntf kfpg cfk\mgf] lh4Ldf cl8u
/xG5g\ . s]lx JolQmx? lar}df k|of; 5f]8\g] u5{g\ eg] s]lx t k|of; klg
ub}{gg\ . t/ Pp6f ;kmn JolQmsf] nIo ;kmntf k|fKt u/]kl5 dfq ;dfKt
x'G5 . olb c/:t', 8flj{g / k|mfo8 lo ;a}sf] ljrf/sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ xf] eg]
Pp6} lgZsif{ lglSnG5 , Tof] xf] c;kmntf . lt ;a}sf] egfO{df c;kmntf
Pp6f o:tf] pks/0f xf], h;n] ;kmntfsf] lzv/df k'¥ofpg] sfd u5{ .
w]/}h;f] JolQmx? hLjgdf o;sf/0f ;kmn x'Fb}gg\ ls pgLx? c;kmntf
;Fu olt 8/fpF5g\ ls ;kmntfsf nflu k|of; g} ub}{gg\ . pgLx?nfO{ of]
yfxf x'Fb}g ls c;kmntf / hLjgsf] v]ndf xf/ dflg;sf] hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] lzIfs xf] . s'g} d'Nojfg nIo ;Dd k'Ugdf c;kmntfn] Pp6f dfu{
bz{ssf] sfd u5{ . hLjgsf] x/]s c;kmntfn] ;kmntf lt/ a9\g] k|]/0ff
lbG5 . hf] c;kmntfaf6 lg/fz x'G5, p slxNo} klg ;kmntflt/ cu|;/ x'g
;Sb}g . dflg;n] cfk\mgf] x/]s c;kmntfnfO{ ;kmntf ;Dd k'Ug] af6f]sf] ?kdf
lng' k5{ . h;/L st} hfg af6f] k'/f ug}{ k5{ . To;/L g} ;kmn aGgsf nflu
xf/sf] klg ;fdgf ug'{k5{ .
;kmntf 3/df a;]/ kfOb}g . of] t ;+3if{ / sl7g kl/>d kl5 dfq
k|fKt x'G5 . ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ hlt sl7g kl/>d ul/G5 . To;sf] kmn Tolt
g} dL7f] x'G5 . Efujfg a'4sf] hLjgdf cfwfl/t Pp6f k|l;4 36gf /x]sf]
5 . Psk6s pgL ePsf] 7fpFdf Ps dlxnf cfk\mgf] d[t 5f]/fnfO{ k]ml/
hLljt agfO{ lbg cg'/f]w ub}{ cfO{g\ . a'4n] lt dlxnfnfO{ dflg; gd/]sf]
3/af6 leIff lnP/ cfpg eg] . lt dlxnf w]/} 3'ldg\ t/ dfG5] gd/]sf] 3/
e]§fOgg\ . d[To' hLjgsf] zfZjt\ ?k xf] . olb oxfF d[To'sf] 7fpFdf c;kmntf
/fVg] xf] eg] klg km/s gknf{ . x/]s dflg;n] cfk\mgf] hLjgdf c;kmntf
ef]u]s} x'G5 . ;kmntf / c;kmntf 3fd / 5fofF h:t} xfd|f] hLjgdf cfO{
/xG5 . ;kmntfsf] pT;fxdf xfdL c;kmntfnfO{ lj:d[t ul/
lbG5f} . c;kmntfnfO{ xfdLNf] gcfltO{sg gofF 9+un] k]ml/ ;'?jft\ ug]{ xf] eg]
c;kmntfsf] df6f]df klg ;kmntfsf] k"mn k"mnfpg ;lsG5 .
@
k|]/s k|;+u k|]/s k|;Ë
sf7df08f}
olb d]xgt, nug, ljZjf; / OR5f
5 eg] h] klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . Oltxf;
;fIfL 5 ls cfh ;Dd hlt klg JolQm
;kmn eP ,pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] d]xgtsf]
e/df hldg b]lv cfsfz ;Ddsf] ofqf
;‹if{sf] v'8\sLnf r9]/ k'/f u/] . JolQmn]
ha cfkm"nfO{ lrG5, cfkm" leq lrxfp5,
dgsf] s'/f ;'G5 / ha nIo lt/
nDsLG5 ta Pp6f pbfx/0f aGg k'U5 .
To;f] t o; ;+;f/df o:tf y'k|}
pbfx/0fLo JolQmx¿ 5g\ . t/ tL dWo]
s]xLn] dflg;nfO{ Ps k6s ;f]Rg ljjz
u/L lbPsf 5g\ . s]xL JolQmx¿sf] syf
;fdfGo x'G5 t/ s]xLsf] syf o:tf] x'G5 ls
;'Gbf klg crDd nfU5 . cfhsf] ;‹if{sf]
syf klg o:t} 5, h;sf] :yfg s;}n]
lng ;Sb}g . g]6jls{ª ;fO6 Jxf6\;P]ksf
;x–;+:yfks h]g s'd o:tf JolQmTj
x'g\ h;n] hLjgdf sl7g kl/>d /
of]Uotfsf] e/df cfkm"nfO{ ;+;f/sf zLif{
Joj;foLx?sf] ;"rLdf pEofpg ;kmn eP .
;f]zn g]6jls{ªsf] b'lgofdf
qmflGt Nofpg] s'dsf] hGd ;g\ !(&^ km]
a'|c/L @$ df o'qm]gsf] ;x/ sLjdf ePsf]
lyof] . pgL Ps dhb'/sf 5f]/f lyP . pgL
!^ jif{sf] x'Fbf dha'/Lsf sf/0f a'afnfO{
5f]8L xh'/cfdf / cfdf ;Fu cd]l/sf
cfPsf lyP . pgn] cfˆgf] sl/o/sf]
;'?jft\ k;nx?df emf8' nufP/ u/]sf
lyP . olt dfq xf]Og, pgL lk|mdf vfgf
vfgsf nflu s}of} 306f nfOgdf pleg]
uy]{ . t/ klg pgn] ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf]
…h]g s'dÚ
;fdgf 86]/ u/] / ;+;f/ ;fd' o:tf]
pTkfb lnP/ cfP % jif{ leq g} pgL zLif{
v/aktLx?sf] ;"rLdf ;fd]n x'g k'u] .
o'jf lk9Lsf nflu Jxf6\;P]k s'g} gofF
gfd xf]Og . o;sf] nf]slk|otfsf af/]df
o;af6 g} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 ls ;'?
ePsf] % jif{df g} o;sf] k|ofustf{ $%
s/f]8 eO{ ;s]sf lyP . o;sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf]
ljz]iftf of] 5 ls o;df lj1fkgsf nflu
s'g} :yfg 5}g . o;sf] /]j]Go" df]8n k"0f{
¿kdf ;A;qmLK;gdf cfwfl/t 5 . o;sf
nflu k|of]ustf{n] klxnf] jif{ k|of]u u/L
;s] kl5 x/]s jif{ )=(( 8n/ z'Ns
ltg'{ k5{ .
k|foM x/]s ;kmntfsf] syf k5fl8
;‹if{sf] syf n's]sf] x'G5 . h]g s'dn]
klg hLjgsf] lttf] cg'ejsf] ;fdgf
u/]sf 5g\ . s'g} a]nf ;f]leot ;‹df
k|fKt gf]6a'saf6 pgsf] k|f/lDes lzIffsf]
;'?jft\ eof] . pgn] emf8' nufpg] sfd
ub}{ ubf{ pgsL cfdfnfO{ SofG;/n]
RofKof] . cfdfn] kfPsf] ;/sf/L pkrf/
sf] eQfsf] s]xL k};fn] pgn] sDKo'6/
lsg] / g]6jls{ªsf] 1fg k|fKt u/] / kl5
k'/fgf] lstfa lsGg] k;ndf a]rL lbP .
To; kl5 pgL l;lnsg EofnLsf] Pp6f
;/sf/L ljZjljBfnodf egf{ eP ;fy}
Pp6f sDkgLdf ;]So"l/6L 6]:6/sf] sfd
ug{ yfn] . o;} qmddf ;g\ !((& df
pgn] ofx" sDkgLdf sfd kfP / pgsf]
e]6 a|fog P]S6g ;Fu x'g k'Uof] . pgLx¿
kl5 lahg]; kf6{g/ ag] . gf} jif{ ;Dd
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . &

lj/f6gu/
ofx"df sfd u/] kl5 s'dn] nueu @%
nfv hDdf kf/L ofx"nfO{ 5f]8] . nueu
Ps jif{ Tolts} latfP kl5 pgn] s]xL
gofF ;'? ug]{ ;f]r agfP . ;g\ @))(
df pgn] Pp6f cfOkmf]g lsg] / :sfOk
k|of]u ug{ yfn] . t/ Ps lbg kf;j8{
la;]{sfn] pgn] lgs} ;d:of ef]Ug' k/]sf]
lyof] . o;af6 lbSs nfuL pgn] o:tf]
P]k agfpg] lg0f{o u/] h;n] Pp6f kmf]g
gDa/sf dfWodaf6 dfq dflg;x¿ nfO{
hf]8]/ /fvf];\ . To;kl5 pgn] cfˆgf
;fyL P]S6gnfO{ cfˆgf] cfOl8of ;'gfP
/ b'j} ldnL Jxf6\;P]k dfly sfd ug{
yfn] . h]g hflu/ vf]Hb} km];a'ssf]
clkm;df klg k'u]sf lyP . t/
pgnfO{ hflu/ lbOPg ;fy} 6\jL6/n] klg
k|]/s syf
ha l;sGb/ dxfg\sf] d[To' eof]
gu/sf nfvf}F JolQmx¿ ;8sdf
>4fGhnL lbgsf nflu pleP .
dflg;x¿ l;sGb/sf] cyL{sf] k|tLIff u/L
/x]sf lyP . dxnaf6 l;sGb/sf] cyL{
lnP/ ;}lgsx? ;8sdf lg:s] kl5 ;a}
dflg;x? 5Ss k/] . ha dflg;x¿n]
l;sGb/sf] cyL{ b]v], pgLx¿sf]
dgdf Pp6} k|Zg p7\of] / o;n] 7'nf]
lh1f;fsf] ¿k lnof] . k|foM dfG5] dbf{
dfG5]sf] xft v'§f afw]/ cfo{3f6df nluG5
t/ l;sGb/sf] xft b'j}lt/ em'08L/x]sf]
lyof] . dflg;x¿n] crDd dfGb} k|Zg
ul//x]sf lyP ls o:tf] lsg eof] <
;fFem ;Dddf dflg;x¿n] To;sf] /x:o
yfxf kfP . jf:tjdf l;sGb/ dxfGf\n]
dg]{ a]nfdf d]/f] xft gafWg' / d]/f] vfnL
xft ;a}hgfn] b]v'g\ eGg] OR5f JoQm
u/]sf lyP . o;f] eGg'sf] k5fl8 l;sGb/
cfˆgf hgtfnfO{ ;To ;Fu cjut
vfnL xft
pgnfO{ lg/fz agfof] t/ klg pgn]
lxDdt xf/]gg\ . ljleGg b'Mv tyf
;d:ofx¿ ef]u]sf s'd To; kl5 cfˆg}
pTkfbgdf nfu] . o;df pgsf ;fyL
P]S6gn] pgnfO{ ;fy lbP .
Jxf6\;P]ksf] lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf
ofx'sf s]xL k"j{ clwsf/Lx¿n] To;df
nufgL ug]{ OR5f htfP . To;kl5 ;a}n]
ldn]/ ;+;f/ ;fd' Jxf6\;P]ksf] cjwf/0ff
NofP . ;g\ @)!) sf] ;'?jfTf\df sDkgL
n~r ePkl5 o;sf] cfDbfgL %)))
8n/ k|lt dlxgf lyof] , h'g lgs} sd
lyof] . ;g\ @)!! df o;n] ult lnof]
/ ;a}eGbf nf]slk|o ;f]zn g]6jls{ª
;fO6 km];a'snfO{ g} 6Ss/ lbg k'Uof] .
u/fpg rfxGy] ls l;sGb/ h:tf] dxfg\
/fhf hf] ;+;f/el/ /fHo ug{ rfxGYof]
p klg dbf{ p;sf] xft vfnL lyof]
cyf{t\ xfdL ;a}n] dg]{ a]nfdf vfnL xft
lnP/ d5f}F .
xfdL ;a} hgf dflg;x¿
hLjge/ cfˆgf] xft eg]{ k|of;
u5f}{ cyf{t\ ;DklQ sdfpgsf nflu s'bL
/x]sf x'G5f} . t/ cGTodf d/]/ hfg]
a]nfdf klg xfd|f] xft vfnL g}
x'G5 . w]/} JolQmx¿ c;kmn g}
d5{g\ . sltn] lgs} ;kmntf kfPsf
klg x'G5g\ t/ klg dg]{ a]nfdf vfnL
xft c;kmn eP/ g} dg]{ u5{g\ . To;}n]
hLjgdf ;+t'i6L k|fKt ug'{xf];\, ;DklQ
xf]Og .
Ps hgf dxfTdfsf] cf>ddf b'O{hgf
lziox? a:y] . b'j} lziox? dxfTdfn]
l;sfP adf]lhd eujfgsf] k"hf, ehg
lst{g ug]{ uy]{ . cf>dsf ;a} sfdx¿
b'j} hgf lgs} dg nufP/ uy]{ . cf>dsf]
;/;kmfO{, af]6la?jfsf] /]vb]v kz'x?sf]
:ofxf/ rfs/ tyf u'?sf] ;]jf b'j} hgf
lgs} dg nufP/ ug]{ uy]{ . t/ b'O{ lzio
dWo] Ps hgf ;w}F b'MvL /xGYof] eg] csf]{
;w}F k|;Gg /xGYof] . hals b'j}sf] kl/l:ylt
;dfg lyof] . klxnf] lzio ;fgf ;fgf
s'/fx¿df klg l56} cfltg] uYof]{ eg]
csf]{ ljk/Lt kl/l:yltdf klg /fd|f] s'/f
vf]h]/ k|;Gg x'g] uYof]{ . s]xL lbg kl5
dxfTdf ;lxt b'j} lziosf] klg d[To' eof] .
w]/} ;do cl3sf] s'/f xf], cfO;Nof08sf]
pQ/L If]qdf Pp6f ls;fg a:Yof] .
p;nfO{ cfˆgf] v]tdf sfd ug]{ dfG5]
rflxPsf] lyof] . t/ To; If]qdf k|foM
x'/L, atf;, cfFwL cfpg] uYof]{ . To;}n]
sf]xL klg To; vt/gfs If]qdf sfd ug{
hfg rfxb}gy] . ls;fgn] Ps lbg ;x/sf]
Pp6f klqsfdf sfd ug]{ dfG5]sf nflu
lj1fkg lbof] . lj1fkg x]/]/ y'k|} JolQmx¿
ls;fgnfO{ e]6\g cfP . t/ hf] klg 7fpFsf]
gfd ;'Ggf ;fy sfd ug{ c:jLsf/
ub}{ lx+8\Yof] . cGTodf Pp6f b'Anf], kftnf]
cwa+}z] JolQm ls;fg sxfF cfO{ k'Uof] .
ls;fgn] p;nfO{ ;f]Wof], …s] ltdL sfd
;'v / b'Mv
b"/blz{tf
;+hf]un] :ju{df klg tLg} hgfsf] e]6
eof] . t/ oxfF klg klxnf] lzio b'MvL
/ czfGt lyof] / bf];|f] k|;Gg . b'MvL
lzion] u'? ;Fu o;sf] sf/0f ;f]Wb} eGof],
…u'?hL, eG5g\ :ju{df ;'v / cfgGb
k|fKt x'G5 t/ xfdL t oxfF klg b'MvL
g} 5f} .Ú To; kl5 u'?n] eg], …jT;,
elQmaf6 :ju{ t k|fKt x'G5 t/ ;'v /
b'Mv t dgsf] b]g xf] . dg z'4 eof] eg]
gs{df klg ;'v k|fKt x'G5 / olb dg z'4
ePg eg] :ju{df klg b'Mv k|fKt x'G5 .Ú
lzIff M k|To]s l:yltdf k|;Gg /xg]
JolQmn] k|lts'ntfdf klg cg's'ntf
vf]Hg] u5{ / b'Mv tyf lg/fzfdf ljho
k|fKt u/L ;'vL algG5 .
ug{ OR5's 5f}

'xaL÷vgf/
nfUof] . p;n] dhb'/nfO{ af]nfpb} eGof],
…l56f] p7, cfFwL cfpg cf6]sf] 5 .
v]tdf ePsf] afnL afFw]/ ;'/lIft
7fpFdf /fv .Ú t/ dhb'/n] cf]5\ofg
nufpb} a8f] cf/fdn] eGof], …
cxF d}n] tkfO{FnfO{ klxnf g}
eg]sf] lyP ls ha xfjf rN5 d
;'T5' .Ú dhb'/sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ls;fg lgs}
l/;fof] . p;nfO{ dhb'/nfO{ Tolt
a]n} 3f]qmfP/ aflx/ lgsfNg' h:t} l/;
p7\of] . t/ Tolt a]nf afnL ;'/lIft
:yfgdf /fVg' h?/L lyof] . To;}n] p
v]t lt/ s'b\of] . ls;fg v]tdf k'Ubf
Ps k6s Pp6f h8\ofFxf Pp6f
;fw' sxfF uP5 / ljgd| eO{ eg]5, …
afaf, d d]/f] lkpg] afgLn] ubf{ cfkm}
lbSs eO{ ;s]sf] 5' . o;n] ubf{
d]/f] 3/af/ lalu|g cf6L ;Sof] . d]/f
gfgLx? ef]sef]s} 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ d]/f]
3/sf] zfGtL gi6 eO{ ;Sof] . t/ d
/S;L 5f]8\g} ;SbLg . s[kof, tkfO{ dnfO{
s'g} ;/n pkfo atfpg'xf];\ . h;af6
d]/f] 3/af/ km]l/ ;'vL x'g ;sf];\ .Ú
;fw'n] eg], …ha ltd|f] lkpg] afgLn]
ltdLnfO{ olt w]/} b'Mv lbO/x]sf] 5 eg]
lsg 5f]8\b}gf}

Og?jf
glbof];\ . tkfO{sf] o:tf] Jojfxf/n]
tkfO{sf] hLjgdf v';LofnL Nofpg]5 .
h;af6 ;w}F tkfO{ k|]d, cfsif{0f, d2t,
bof / s?0ffsf] jftfj/0fdf /xg'
x'g]5 . o;af6 tkfO{Fsf] :jf:Yo / ;DktL
b'j} ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
hLjgdf oL ;t{x¿ nfu"
ug'{xf];\
hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpgsf
nflu ljgd|tf ,OdfGbf/L h:tf
u'0fx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ k5{ . cfˆgf]
hLjgsf] p4]ZonfO{ /x]s If0f tyf
x/]s lbg ofb /fVg' k5{ . cfkm"df ePsf
sdL sdhf]/Lx? tyf x'g'kg]{ u'0fx?sf]
Pp6f ln:6 agfpg'xf];\ / o:tf] ;"lr
k|foM xfdLn] b]v]sf 5f} ls s'g}
;dodf 6kdf /x]sf] Joj;fo klg
s]xL ;do kl5 la:tf/} cf]/fnf] nfUg
yfN5 . pbfx/0f :j¿k ljj]s eGg]
JolQmn] cfˆgf] ;x/df ls/fgfsf
;fdfgx¿ 3/ 3/df 8]lne/L ug]{ Pp6f
Joj;fo vf]Nof] . p;n] lgs} d]xgt u¥of]
/ la:tf/} p;sf] Joj;fo lgs} rNg
yfNof] t/ s]xL ;do kl5 ToxfF c¿ klg
To:t} Joj;foLx? Vf8f eP . la:tf/}
ljj]ssf] k;nsf] rNtL sd x'g
yfNof] . of] b]v]/ ljj]s lrlGtt x'g yfNof]
ls s;/L p;sf] Joj;fo v:sLg yfNof] .
ljj]s h:t} 36gf cGo JolQmx¿ ;Fu klg
36]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf]
tkfO{sf] cfFvfn] ;w}F b]Vg] :yfgx?df
/fVg'xf];\ . af/Daf/ oL s'/fx¿df
cfFvf k'Ubf la:tf/} tkfO{Fsf] Jojfxf/
;fy} hLjgdf klg kl/jt{g cfpg]5 .
/fd|f cfbtx? ckgfpg'xf];\
dflg;x¿df g/fd|f] cfbt rf8}
ckgfpg] / ljsl;t ug]{ afgL x'G5
hals /fd|f] cfbt lgs} cEof; u/] kl5
dfq a:g] u5{ . hLjgnfO{ ;'vL / ;kmn
agfpg /fd|f cfbtx?sf] lgs} 7'nf] xft
x'G5 . To;}n] hLjgdf g/fd|f cfbtx?
TofuL /fd|f cfbtx? ckgfpg'xf];\ . o;n]
la:tf/} hLjgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg d2t
ug]{5 .
;kmntfsf] lzv/df
/xL /xg] % pkfo
;kmntf kfpgsf nflu lbg/ft d]xgt
u5{g\ / olb d]xgt of]hgf ;lxt ;xL
lbzfdf ul/G5 eg] Ps lbg ;kmntfsf]
lzv/df cfjZo k'luG5 . ;kntfsf]
lzv/df k'u]sf] s]xL ;do kl5 dx;';
x'g yfN5 ls xfd|f] Joj;fo v:sLb} uO{
/x]sf] 5 . olb tkfO{F klg lzv/df a;L /xg
rfxg'x'G5 eg] lgDg pkfo ckgfpg' xf];\ .
cfk\mgf] sfddf ;o k|ltzt
lbg'xf];\
;kmntf k|fKt ug'{ x/]s JolQmsf]
;kgf x'G5 . o;sf nflu JolQmn]
cfˆgf] ;o k|ltzt of]ubfg lbP/
sfd u5{g\ / ;kmntfsf] lzv/df k'Ug]
u5{g\ . t/ lzv/df k'u]sf] s]xL ;do
kl5 p;sf] Ouf], cf]e/ sGkmL8]G;
cflbsf sf/0f p;n] cfˆgf] ;o k|ltzt
lbg kfpb}g / oxL sf/0fn] ubf{
pgLx¿ cf]/fnf] emg{ yfN5g\ . olb
tkfO{F klg ;kmntfsf] lzv/df
/xL /xg rfxg'x'G5 eg] ;w}F cfˆgf]
sfddf ;o k|ltzt of]ubfg lbg'xf];\ .
cfk\mgf] sfd ;“usf] gof“
s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lng'xf];\
;kmn eO{;s] kl5 klg ;w}F
;kmntfdf /xL /xgsf nflu of]
tl/sf ckgfpg' h?/L 5 . tkfO{ h'g
If]qdf ;kmn x'g' ePsf] 5, To; If]q ;Fu
;DalGwt s] s] gofF s'/fx¿ 36L/x]sf
5Gf\ , tL s'/fx¿sf] hfgsf/L x'g' h?/L
x'G5 . o;af6 To; If]qsf] ;Defjgfsf]
cWoog u/L gofF of]hgf agfpg d2t
k'U5 .
cfk\mgf] ! ldg]6 ;do klg
aaf{b gug'{xf];\
;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 ls h;n] ;do aaf{b
u5{, ;don] klg p;nfO{ Ps lbg aaf{b
kfg]{5 . k|foM dflg;x¿ ;kmntfsf] lzv/df
k'u] kl5 lj>fd lng vf]H5g\ . ;kmn
JolQmsf] o:t} ;f]rn] p;nfO{ ;do v]/
kmfNg nufp5 . kl/0ffd :j¿k Joj;fo
la:tf/} vl:sb} hfG5 . To;}n] olb tkfO{
cfkm\gf] ;kmntf hf]ufO /xg rfxg'x'G5
eg] cfkm\gf]
cd"No ;do v]/
gkmfNg'xf];\ .
lzv/df
/xgsf
nflu :df6{
js{ ug'{xf];\
;kmntfsf]
lzv/df k'uL
;s] kl5 s8f
d]xgt eGbf klg
:df6{ js{ ug'{ k5{ . h;n] lbdfun] ;f]r]/
sfd u5{Gf\ , pgLx¿ ;w}F ;kmntfsf]
lzv/df /xL /xg]5g\ . s'g} klg sfd
To;sf] u'0f:t/df sdL gNofOsg
;lhn} ug'{nfO{ g} :df6{ js{ elgG5 .
pbfx/0f :j¿k olb tkfO{n] s'g} ;"rgf
csf]{ ;x/df k7fpg' 5 eg] lr7L n]v]/
x'nfs 4f/f k7fpg'sf] ;§f d]n k7fP/
l56f] / 5l/tf] ¿kdf k7fpg ;lsG5 .
o;/L 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf] k|of]uaf6 :df6{ js{
ug{ vKkL; x'g'xf];\ .
;w} gof“ s'/f l;sL
/xg'xf];\
;kmntfsf] lzv/df ;w}F emG8f
uf8L /xg rfxg'x'G5 eg] of] tl/sf
lgs} pkof]uL x'g]5 . tkfO{F h'g sfd
u/L /xg' ePsf] 5, To;sf] af/]df ;w}F
gofF gofF s'/fx¿ l;sL /xg'xf];\ . o:tf
gofF s'/fx?n] tkfO{nfO{ gofF of]hgf
agfpg d2t ug]{5, h'g Joj;fosf]
ljsf;sf nflu clt cfjZos x'G5 .
O6x/L÷xf]6n
!@. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . !#

O6x/L ÷ xf]6n+u|Ln
hLjg abNg]
rf0fSosf
!) dGqx?
rf0fSosf af/]df yfxf gx'g]
sd} dfq 5g\ . pgL Ps k|l;4 cy{zf:qL
/fhgLlt1 tyf s"6gLlt1 lyP . pgn]
dfgj hLjgnfO{ ;/n agfpg] y'k|}
pkof]uL s'/fx¿ n]v]sf 5g\ . h;
dWo] !) pTs[i6 s'/fx?sf af/]df
lj:t[t ¿kdf j0f{g ug{ uO/x]sf 5f},
h;n] xfd|f] hLjgdf lgs} dxTj /fV5 .
rf0fSosf cg';f/ xfdLn] slxNo}
d"v{x? ;Fu ljjfb ug{‘ x'Fb}g . d"v{ ;Fu
laNs'n} a'l4 x'Fb}g, To;}n] pgLx¿ ;Fu
ljjfb ubf{ xfd|} gf]S;fg x'G5 . o:tf
JolQm ;Fu ax; ubf{ xfd|} OHht sd
x'g]5 . o:tf JolQmn] dfgl;s ¿kdf
xfdLnfO{ sdhf]/ agfp5g\ . d"v{ JolQm
;Fusf] ljjfbaf6 aRgsf nflu r'k
nfUg'xf];\ / ljj]sn] sfd lng'xf];\ .
\
w]/} JolQmx¿ cfˆgf] dgkg]{
JolQmnfO{ jf glhssf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf]
sdhf]/Lsf] af/]df jf /x:ox? atfpg]
u5{g\ . h'g kl5 uP/ pgLx?sf nflu Pp6f
;d:of aGg k'U5 . To;}n] cfˆgf] /x:o jf
sdhf]/Lsf af/]df xtkt s;}nfO{ ;'gfO{
xfNg' x'Fb}g rfx] p hlt ;'s} lk|o lsg
gxf];\ .
{
w]/} h;f] JolQmx¿ ;Fu ;a} s'/f
x'Fbf x'Fb} klg o:tf] uNtL u5{g\ ls
pgLx¿sf] :ju{ h:tf] hLjg gs{ algg
k'U5 . tkfO{df y'k|} u'0fx¿ eP klg
Pp6f cju'0fn] tkfO{Fsf] ;a} u'0fx?nfO{
cf]em]ndf kf/L lbG5 . x'g ;S5 tkfO{F
bofn', ;xof]uL tyf wgL x'g'x'G5 . t/
tkfO{df olb /S;L ;]jg ug]{, h'jf tf;
v]Ng], 3d08 ug]{, l/;fpg] afgL 5 eg]
tkfO{sf] /fd|f] u'0f ;a} v]/ hfg] u5{ .
dflg;x?n] tkfO{sf] Pp6f bf]ifn] ubf{
tkfO{ dfly cf}nf p7fpg] df}sf kfpg]
5g\ .
hLjgdf wgsf] 7'nf] dxTj
x'G5 . wg sdfpg an / a'l4
b'j}sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . wgn] ubf{
g} JolQmn] ;'v tyf ;Ddfg kfpg]
u5{ . w]/} JolQmx¿ d]xgt u/]/ k};f
sdfp5g\ . t/ tL k};fnfO{ kfgL h:t}
aufpg] u5{g\ . olb k};f v]/ kmfNg' g}
5 eg] d]xgt lsg ug'{ . olb tkfO{;Fu
y'k|} k};f 5 eg] klg ;Lldt ¿kdf
vr{ ug'{xf];\ lsgls ;dosf] s'g} e/
x'Fb}g . s'a]/n] klg cfDbfgL eGbf a9L vr{
u/]df Ps lbg s+ufn x'g]5g\ . To;}n]
wg vr{ ug'{ cl3 Ps k6s ;f]r]/ dfq
vr{ ug'{k5{ .
rf0fSosf cg';f/ ckdflgt
x'g' eGbf dg'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . d[To'n]
If0f e/ dfq b'Mv lbG5 t/ ckdfgn]
hLjge/ dg b'vfO{ /xG5 . xfdL ;a} leq
abgfdLsf] 8/ x'g' k5{ . olb of] 8/
x/fof] eg] xfdL 5f8f x'g]5f} . hLjgsf]
;a} eGbf 7'nf] b'Mv abgfdL xf] . o;n]
JolQmnfO{ hLpb} df5{ . ha
xfd|f] cfTdfn] klg tF unt 5;\
eG5, To; a]nf xfdL r}gn] a:g
;Sb}gf} . To;}n] hLjgdf s'g} o:tf] sfd
gug'{xf]:f\ , h;af6 tkfO{sf] abgfdL
xf];\ .
\
o; ;+;f/df @) k|ltzt
JolQmx¿ dfq o:tf 5Gf\ , hf] ;kmn
JolQmx¿sf] ;"lrdf cfpF5g\ . afsL *)
k|ltzt JolQmx¿ ;fdfGo hLjg lhpg]
u5{g\ . o;/L *) k|ltzt dflg;x¿ ul/a
x'g'df pgLx¿sf] cN5Lkg d"No sf/0f
xf] . cN5L dflg;sf] s'g} jt{dfg / eljio
x'Fb}g . To;}n] cfn:o Tofu u/L d]xgtL
aGg'xf];\ .
tkfO{n] ljrf/ ug'{ ePsf] xf]nf
s]xL JolQmx¿ tkfO{Fn] hlt ;'s} dxTjk"0f{
s'/f eg] klg Wofg lbP/ ;'Gb}gg\ . o:tf
JolQmx¿df ljZjf; ug'{ x'Fb}g lsgls
logLx¿n] hlt a]nf klg wf]sf lbg
;S5g\ . o:tf JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] lghL tyf
dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿ g;'gfpg'xf];\ .
rf0fSosf cg';f/ cfkm" eGbf sd
:t/sf JolQm;Fu ldqtf gug'{xf];\ .
o:tf] ldqtfn] tkfO{nfO{ v';L agfpg
;Sb}g . cfkm" eGbf sd :t/sf] JolQm;Fu
ldqtf ubf{ p;n] tkfO{af6 ;xof]
usf] cfzf /fVg]5 / tkfO{af6 kmfObf
lng] s'/f ;f]Rg]5g\ . tkfO{F ;Í6df x'Fbf
klg pgLx¿n] s'g} clfy{s ;xof]u ug{
;Sb}gg\ . o;} u/L cfkm" eGbf dfYnf]
:t/sf] JolQm;Fu ldqtf ug{‘ klg ;xL
xf]Og lsgls o;n] tkfO{Fdf Oiof{sf]
efjgfsf] ljsf; ug]{5 . o;af6 tkfO{
cfkm"nfO{ ;fgf] ;DemLg yfNg'x'g]5, h'g
tkfO{Fsf] cfTd ;Ddfgsf nflu /fd|f]
xf]Og .
\
rf0fSo eG5Gf\ , …xfdLn] e"tsf
O6x/L÷kmlg{r/
!$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . !%

O6x/L÷xf8{j]o/+On]S6«f]lgS;
af/]df slxNo} k5'tf] dfGg' x'Fb}g g t
eljiosf] lrGtf ug'{k5{ . ljj]szLn
JolQm ;w}F jt{dfgdf lhpg] u5{g\ .
olb tkfO{ ;'vL hLjg lhpg rfxg'x'G5
eg] ;w}F cfhnfO{ /fd|f] agfpg'xf];\ /
cfhnfO{ g} hLpg'xf];\ . lat]sf] ;do
km]l/ kms]{/ cfpb}g . To;}n] To;sf]
af/]df ;f]Rg' Joy{ x'G5 . To:t} eljiosf
af/]df ;f]r]/ cfhsf] ;donfO{ si6k"0f{
gagfpg'xf];\ . cfhsf] ;donfO{ o:tf]
sfddf vr{ ug'{xf];\ h;n] tkfO{sf]
hLjgnfO{ ;'vL agfpg]5 .Ú
dfofaf6 6f9f /xg'xf];\
w]/} dflg;x¿ vfpg nfpgsf]
b'Mv eGbf klg cfˆgf] ;DaGwx?sf]
sf/0f b'MvL 5g\ . h;sf] dg p ;Fu}
5}g, p ;w}F b'MvL /xG5 . o;sf] Pp6f
sf/0f dfof xf] . rf0fSosf cg';f/ hf]
JolQm cfˆgf ;DaGwx? ;Fu cTolws
hf]l8Psf] x'G5, p;n] eo, lrGtfsf]
;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . h'g dflg;sf]
b'Mvsf] Pp6f sf/0f xf] . To;}n] xb eGbf
a9L dfof tyf df]xdf klg kg'{ x'Fb}g .
O6x/L ÷ js{zk+d]gkfj/
sf]xL klg JolQm To;} wgL
x'g ;Sb}g . p;df ePsf] v'aL jf
u'0fsf sf/0f g} p wgL aGg] u5{ . s'g}
JolQmsf] hGd wgL kl/jf/df ePsf] 5
/ p;n] cfkm\gf] c+zdf y'k|} wg ;DkQL
k|fKt u¥of] t/ To; wgnfO{ cem} j[l4
ug{df jf ;Sgdf To; JolSt leqsf]
u'0fn] g} sfd u5{ . y'k|} wgL JolQmx?
s+ufn x'g] u5{g\ t/ hf] ;Fu wg sdfpg]
u'0f 5, p;sf] wg lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} g}
hfg]5 . /fd rl/tdfg;df n]lvP
O6x/L ÷ js{zk
cg';f/ eujfg >L/fdn] JolStsf s]xL
u'0fx?sf af/]df pNn]v u/L tL JolStx?
slxNo} wgL x'g g;Sg] atfpg' ePsf] 5
. cfh xfdL s:tf JolStn] wg sdfpg
;Sb}gg\ jf ul/a x'g'df s] s:tf u'0fx?sf]
xft x'G5 tL tTjx?sf af/]df JofVof
ub}{5f} .
nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;gL
hf] JolStdf s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] gzfn' kbfy{ ;]jg jf k|of]u
ug]{ afgL x'G5 . pgLx? slxNo} wgL aGg
;Sb}gg\ . o:tf] JolQm ;Fu k"vf{sf]
vhfgf g} eP klg Tof] klg rf8} l/lQg]5 .
To;}n] wgjfg aGg] rfxgf 5 eg]
cfkm"nfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] gzfaf6 6f9}
/fVg'xf];\ .
Jolerf/L
k/fO{ :qL ;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] JolQm
slxNo} wgjfg / ;'vL /xg ;Sb}g .
logLx?sf] wg Jolerf/ d} gi6 x'G5 .
h;n] cem wgL aGgdf cj/f]w ;[hgf
u5{ .
nf]eL JolQm
hf] wgsf] k5fl8 s'b\5, p
af6 wg / oz Tolt g} k/ efU5 .
nf]eL JolQmnfO{ g t dof{bfsf] Wofg
x'G5 g t c?sf] ;Ddfgsf] Wofg
x'G5 . To;}n] o:tf JolQm cfb/
?kL wgaf6 klg jl~rt x'G5g\ .
cx+sf/L
cledfgL tyf cx+sf/L JolQm ;Fu
wg w]/} ;do ;Dd a:b}g lsgls logsf]
cx+sf/n] lognfO{ 8'afpg] u5{ . cx+sf/L
JolStsf] a'l2 e|i6 x'g k'U5 / cem wg
sdfpgdf cj/f]w ;[hgf x'g k'U5 .
hflu/]
hflu/ vfg] JolQm slxNo} wgL
x'g ;Sb}g . logLx? ;Fu /fd|} Aofª\s
Aofn]G; eP klg slxNo} ;'vL /xg
;Sb}gg\ lsgls logsf] ;'v logsf]
dflnsdf e/ k5{ . c;n dflns eP
;'vL x'g]5g\ . gq tfgfzfx k|j[ltsf
dflnsn] dgsf] r}g klg vf];]/
nfg]5g\ .
!^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . !&

O6x/L ÷ kf]N6«L+Hj]n;{
;'lgZrt ug'{xf];\ h:t} zf/Ll/s jf
!* . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
wgL aGg] ^ lgodx¿
k|s[ltn] x/]s s'/fsf nflu
s]xL lgod agfPsf] 5 . k|s[ltn] o:tf]
lgodsf] kfng u5{ / xfdLaf6 klg oxL
rfxG5 . h;n] k|s[ltsf] lgodsf] kfngf
u5{, p;n] k'/:sf/ kfp5 / h;n] lgod
kfngf ub}{g, p;n] s]xL klg kfpb}g .
tkfO{sf] b[9 OR5fzlQmn] g} tkfO{sf]
;kgf k'/f u5{ . t/ To;sf] ;fy;fy}
xfdLn] k|s[ltsf] lgodnfO{ klg lal;{g'
x'Fb}g . To;}n] cfh xfdL wgL aGg]
lgodx?sf] JofVof ug{ uO{ /x]sf 5f} .
h;nfO{ kfng ug]{ xf] eg] xfdL klg wgL
aGg ;Sg]5f} .
wgL aGg] k|an OR5f, …d ;Fu w]/}
k};f xf]:f\ Ú eGf]/ dfq x'Fb}g . tkfO{F
;Fu slt k};f xf];\ eGg] nfU5, To;sf]
Pp6f lglZrt kl/df0f tf]Sg'xf];\
pbfx/0f :j¿k d ;Fu %) nfv x'g'k5{
eg]/ Pp6f lglZrt cÍ ;f]Rg'xf];\ .
cfk"mn] sdfpg rfx]sf] kl/df0f ;f]r]
kl5 To;n] cgf}7f] tl/sfn] sfd u5{ .
sdfpg rfx]sf] /sd xfd|f] ;kgf xf] /
o;n] xfdLnfO{ cl3 a9\g k|]l/t u5{ .
k|s[ltsf] lgod cg';f/ o;
;+;f/df s]xL kfpg'sf nflu s]xL u'dfpg'
k5{ . To;}n] tkfO{F k};f sdfpgsf]
abnfdf s] lbg rfxg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f
dfgl;s d]xgt, ;do cflb lsgls s]xL
gu'dfO s]xL kfOb}g . s]xL dflg;x? ;Fu
;kgf t x'G5 t/ pgLx? ;Fu u'dfpgsf
nflu s]xL klg x'Fb}g cyf{t\ pgLx? cfkm\gf]
;do jf d]xgt lbg g} rfxb}gg\ . h;n]
ubf{ pgLx?sf] ;kgf cw'/f] g} /xg k'U5 .
wgL aGgsf nflu sfd ;'? u/]
b]lvsf] Pp6f lglZrt ;do leq
olt k};f sdfpg] eGg] lglZrt
ug'{xf];\ lsgls o;n] olt ;do leq
wgL aGg] eGg] cgf}7f] hf]zsf] sfd
u5{ . ;fy} Tof] ;do l;df s6L ;s] kl5
Tof] sfd ug{ dg gnfUg klg ;S5 .
To;}n] ;do l;df tf]Sg' clgjfo{ x'G5 .
s'g} klg sfd of]hgf a]u/ ul/b}g .
olb ul/of] eg] klg To; sfddf ;kmntf
kfpg sl7g x'G5 . k};f sdfpg] s'/f
u|fxs Joj;foLsf nflu b]ptf
;/x x'G5g\ . h;sf] w]/} u|fxs x'G5g\,
p;sf] Joj;fon] ;kmntf kfp5 .
Joj;foLn] u|fxs agfpg lgs} ;do
nfU5 . Joj;fosf] ;kmntfsf nflu
u|fxs agfpg hlt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5,
Tolt g} dxTjk"0f{ k'/fgf u|fxsnfO{ sfod
/fVg' x'G5 . u|fxs ;Fu ;DaGw ;'dw'/
/fvL /xgsf nflu lgDg s'/fx?df Wofg
lbg'xf];\ .
klg rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og . To;}n] k};f
s;/L sdfpg] Pp6f lglZrt of]hgf
agfpg'xf];\ . To; kl5 of]hgfsf]
sfof{Gjogsf nflu hf]8 tf]8sf ;fy
nfUg'xf];\ .
k};f sdfpg] of]hgfnfO{
n]Vg'xf];\ . To;df s'g sfd,slt k};f
sdfpg], slt ;do leq cflb ;a} :ki6
n]Vg'xf];\ / lbgsf] ! k6s To;nfO{ x]/]/
lrGtg cjZo ug'{xf];\ . o;n] tkfO{sf]
rfxgfsf] af/Daf/ :d/0f u/fpg]5 /
To; tkm{ cu|;/ x'g k|]l/t ug]{5 .
cfˆgf] of]hgfnfO{ lnlvt ¿k lbO{
;s] kl5 lbgdf b'O{ k6s k9\g'xf];\ .
k9\bf v]l/ cfkm" ;Fu Tolt k};f ePsf]
dx;'; ug'{xf];\ . o;n] ;fFRr} g} tkfO{FnfO{
d]xgt ug{ k|]l/t ug]{5 .
Uf|fxs ;Fu ;'dw'/ ;DaGw agfpg] pkfo
af]n]sf] s'/f k'/f
ug'{xf];\
tkfO{n] u|fxs
;Fu s'g} s'/f af]n]sf]
5 eg] Tof] k'/f ug'{xf];\
h:t} tkfO{n] u|fxs ;Fu
;fdfg lkmtf{ lng] jf
s'g} pkxf/ lbg] s'/f
ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] Tof]
k'/f ug]{ k|of; ug'{xf];\ . af]n]sf] s'/f
k'/f ug'{ klg /fd|f] ;DaGwsf] cfwf/
xf] .
u|fxsnfO{ cg'kof]uL ;Nnfx
glbg'xf];\
slxn]sfxL k;n]x? tTsfnsf]
kmfObfsf nflu u|fxsnfO{ s'g} ;fdfg
lsGg] ;Nnfx lbG5g\ . h;n] u|fxsnfO{
s'g} kmfO{bf lbb}g . t/ u|fxsn] kl5
O6x/L ÷ kfn{/
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&#, ;fpg . !(

O6x/L ÷ kfn{/+k]mG;L
k;n]sf] rnfvL yfxf kfp5g\ . o;af6
pgLx?sf] dgdf k;n] k|ltsf] ljZjf;
x6\5 / pgLx? km]l/ km]l/ ;f]xL k;ndf
hfg lxRsLrfp5g\ . To;}n] u|fxsnfO{
cg'kof]uL x'g] ;Nnfx lbgaf6 aRg'xf];\ .
u|fxsn] lbPsf] ;'rgfdf
Wofg lbg'xf];\
u|fxsn] klg k;n]nfO{ gofF
gofF s'/fx?sf] hfgsf/L lbg] jf
dfu ug{ ;S5g\ . u|fxsn] o;/L
lbg] ;'rgfnfO{ k;n]n] cjx]ngf
gug'{xf];\ . a? To;af6 s] kmfObf lng
;lsG5 ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ . u|fxsn] lbg]
;'rgfaf6 klg k;n] ck8]6 x'g' k5{ .
u|fxssf] a9L ;do vr{
gu/fpg'xf];\
slxn]sfxL u|fxsx? s:tf] ;fdfg
lsGg] bf]wf/df x'G5g\ . To:tf] a]nfdf
k;n]n] Pp6f b'O6f ub}{ y'k|} ;fdfgx?
b]vfO{ u|fxsnfO{ b'ljwfdf kfg'{sf ;fy}
pgLx?sf] cd"No ;do klg vr{ u/fO{
/x]sf x'G5g\ . olb u|fxs b'ljwfdf 5
eg] jf:tjdf p s] rfxG5 eGg] s'/f
a'em\g'xf];\ / p;n] vf]h]sf] s'/f yf]/} eGbf
yf]/} ;dodf lsgfpg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ .
;d:of cfpg' cl3 g} ;dfwfg
ug'{xf];\
k;n]df olt b"/blz{tf x'g' k5{ ls
p;n] ;d:of cfpg' cl3 g} ;dfwfg
u/L ;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . o;sf nflu k;n]n]
cfkm\gf j:t'x?sf] af/]df /fd|f] ;Fu yfxf
kfO{ To;sf] sdL sdhf]/Lx?sf af/]df
klxnf g} yfxf kfO{ /fVg' k5{ . o;af6
cfpg ;Sg] ;d:ofsf] s;/L ;dfwfg
ug]{ To;sf] k"j{ tof/L ug{ ;lsG5 .
*)÷@) sf] kmd'{nf k|of]u
gug'{xf];\
k|foM k;n]x? cfkm\gf] k;ndf
cfpg] @) k|ltzt u|fxs hf] ;w}F
cfpg] u5{g\, ltgLx?nfO{ dfq a9L ;do
vlr{g] u5{g\ . afFsL *) k|ltzt u|fxs
hf] slxn]sfFxL cfp5g\ pgLx?nfO{ Tolt
Wofg lbb}gg\ . of] ;/f;/ unt xf] .
k;n]sf nflu ;a} u|fxs ;fdfg x'g' k5{ .
s;}nfO{ klg e]befj gu/L Gofo ;+ut
t/Lsfn] ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ k;n]sf] st{Jo
xf] .
gof“kg Nofpg'xf];\
cfkm\gf] Joj;fodf ;w}F gofFkg
Nofpg'xf];\ . of] ;+;f/ k/Ljt{gzLn 5
/ dflg;x? kl/jt{g dg k/fpF5g\ . gofF
s'/fn] dflg;x?nfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ u5{ .
To;}n] cfkm\gf] k;n jf Joj;fodf s;/L
gofFkg Nofpg ;lsG5 eg]/ ;w}F ;f]rL
/xg'xf];\ .
w]/} ;fdfg klg gle8fpg'xf];\
s]lx k;n]x? l3p u|fxs
kfpgf ;fy a9L eGbf a9L ;fdfg
le8fpg] u5{g\ . pgLx?sf] rfkn';Ln] ubf{
u|fxsn] klg gfO{ eGg ;Sb}gg\ . o;/L
cfkm\gf] dfq kmfObf x]g'{ x'b}g . u|fxssf]
cfjZostf cg';f/ k;n]n] plrt
;fdfg dfq lsgfpg' k5{ . u|fxsnfO{
a9L cfyL{s ef/ af]sfpbf ck|ToIf
?kdf k;n]nfO{ g} 3f6f eO{ /x]sf] x'G5 .
cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s ;d:of
u|fxsnfO{ g;'gfpg'xf];\
s]xL k;n]x? u|fxsnfO{ g} cfkm\gf]
cfGtl/s ;d:of ;'gfpg yfN5g\ h:t}M
gfkmf g} 5}g, clxn] t lals| g} 5}g, ef8f
ltg{ klg xDd] x'G5 cflb . u|fxsnfO{
k;n]sf] cfGtl/s ;d:of ;Fu s'g}
dtna x'b}g . pgLx?nfO{ cfkm"n] lsg]sf]
;fdfg ;Fu dfq dtna x'G5 . To;}n]
cfkm\gf] ;d:ofx? ;'gfpg'sf] ;§f
u|fxsnfO{ s;/L v';L kfg{ ;lsG5
,To;df Wofg lbg'xf];\ .
g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
o; ljefudf cf=j= @)&$÷&% sf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{x? ug{ u/fpg b]xfosf of]Uotf / cfwf/
k"/f u/]sf O{R5's JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] of] ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !%
lbgleq of]Uotfsf cfwf/ / k|df0fkqx?sf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk;lxt ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# tyf
;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;"rL btf{ ug{ o; ljefudf cfk"mn] ug{ rfx]sf
sfo{sf] nflu 5'§f5'§} lgj]bg k]z ug'{ x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . cfj]bsnfO{ df}h'bf ;"rLdf
;dfj]z ug]{ jf gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ o; ljefudf lglxt /xg] 5 .
!= :6]zg/L ;fdfgx? cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{ .
@= ;jf/L ;fwg–df]6/ tyf df]6/ ;fOsn_sf] kf6{k"hf / ;f]sf] dd{t / ;Def/ sfo{ .
#= ljleGg k|sf/sf kmlg{r/ tyf kmlg{l;Ë;DaGwL ;fdfg cfk"lt{ sfo{ .
$= d]lzg/L cf}hf/ -sDKo'6/, lk|G6/, o'lkP;, kmf]6f]skL d]lzg, On]S6«f]lgS; ;fdfg Sofd]/f n]G;,
6]lnkmf]g, k|f]h]S6/, ;f]nf/ Kofgn, k+vf, lx6/, Po/ slG8;g, h]g]/]6/, Eofs'd SnLg/_cfk"lt{ /
dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL sfo{ cflb .
%= sd{rf/L sDKo'6/ k|lzIf0f / efiff k|lzIf0f;DaGwL sfo{ .
^= 5kfO{;DaGwL sfo{ .
&= lkpg] kfgL cfk"lt{ ;DaGwL sfo{ .
*= lj1fkg Ph]G;L ;DaGwL sfo{ .
(= k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DaGwL .
!)= kqsf/ cfwf/e"t tyf ;]jfsflng tflnd ;DaGwL .
!!= ;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL .
!@= ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL .
s_ ;DalGwt sfo{ ug{ kfpg] Ohfhtkq jf kmd{ btf{ k|df0fkq / lgodfg';f/ gjLs/0f ePsf] k|df0fkq .
v_ d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] k|df0f .
u_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf, ^# adf]lhdsf] sfnf];"lrdf gk/]sf] Joxf]/fsf] lnlvt hfgsf/L .
3_ cf=j= @)&@÷&# sf] s/r"Qmf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk .
@). ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . @!

O6x/L ÷ k]mG;L
@@ . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;fdflhs k/Dk/f lj?4
s7f]/ x'“b} sfg'g
ljjfx, a|taGw, r"8fsd{, kf:gL,
Gjf/fg, hGdlbj;, 5}7L, rf}/f;L / lkt[–
sfo{ cflb x/]s g]kfnLn] dgfpg] jf
ug]{ sfo{qmd x'g . o:tf z'e tyf
cz'e sfo{x¿ ubf{ ljleGg ;+:sf/,
rng / k|lqmof cg';f/ dgfO{g]
ul/G5 . o;nfO{ ;a}n] JolQmut
s'/fx¿ tyf cfˆgf] dgk/L
lx;fan] dgfpg] clwsf/ 7fGb5f} .
o:tf ljljw sfo{qmddf /dfO{nf]
ug]{, e]nf x'g] / ;Sbf] ;dfhdf cfˆgf]
zlQm / t8se8s b]vfpg] cj;/sf]
¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;fdfGo rng xf] .
t/ o:tf sfo{qmddf klg sfg'gn] s]xL
;Ldf tf]sLlbPsf] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmddf
slt ;xefuL x'g kfpg] s:tf]
Jojfxf/ ;dfhdf b]vfpg kfOg] eGg]
s'/f hyfeflj ubf{ sfg'gsf] pNn‹g
sfg"g
eO{ sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'G5
eGg] s'/f ;dflhs Jojxf/ -;'wf/_
P]g, @)## df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .
of] P]g ;dflhs Jojxf/df eO
/x]sf] / a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{Tds
t8se8s / kmh'n vr{df lgoGq0f
u/L ;'wf/ ug{ ag]sf] xf] . To;}n]
e8\sLnf] Jojfxf/ klg ck/fw xf] .
;dfhdf To:tf] Jojxf/ b]vfpgsf
nflu a9L kmh'n vr{ u/]df ;hfP x'G5 .
o; P]g cg';f/ ljjfx x'Fbf
ltns lng lbg x'Fb}g . olb lnPdf
lauf] hkmt u/L afx| xhf/b]lv
klRr; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf
jf tL; lbg;Dd s}b ;hfo x'g]5 .
To;} u/L 5f]/La]6Lsf] ljjfx u/L lbFbf
;f] afkt b'nxL kIfn] cfˆgf] nflu
s'g} gubL lhG;L lng x'Fb}g . s;}n]
lnPdf lauf] hkmt u/L afx| xhf/b]lv
klRr; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf
Ps jif{;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5
/ lbg]nfO{ To;sf] cfwf;Dd ;hfo
x'g] . sltko rngdf dfO{lt kIfn]
lng} kg]{ rng klg /x]sf] kfOG5 .
ljjfx x'g] 5f]/La]6Lsf] nflu
b'nxf kIfn] olt uxgf, sk8f,
gub–lhG;L jf h]yf lbg'k5{ egL
s/ nufpg x'Fb}g . o:tf] s/ s;}
n] u/]df bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/
jfgf jf kGw| lbg;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
ljjfx x'Fbf jf ljjfx kl5 b'nxL kIfaf6
b'nxL jf b'nxfnfO{ olt gub
lhG;L bfOhf], bfg, as;, e]6L, labfO
pkxf/ ;d]t h'g;'s} ¿kdf lbg'k5{
egL b'nxf kIfn] s/ nufpg jf
olt lng] lbg] egL b'j} kIfn] cufj}
to ug{ x'Fb}g / bfOhf] lbPg egL
b'nxf kIfn] ljjfx ug{ OGsf/ ug]
{ jf ljjfx eO;s]sf] eP b'nxL labfO
u/fO{ ;fy gnUg] jf bfOhf] kl5
dfq labfO u/L nUg] k|yf ePsfx?n]
labfO u/fO{ nfg OGsf/ ug{ x'Fb}g .
ljjfx x'Fbf lhpdf nufPsf]
Ps;/f] uxgf afx]s cfˆgf] s'n k/
Dk/f cg';f/ /fhLv'zLn] lbg]n] klg
a9Ldf bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] dfq
bfOhf] lbg x'G5 eGg] Joj:yf of] P]
gdf 5 . s;}n] o:tf] u/]df lng lbg
gkfpg] lauf] eP lauf] hkmt u/L
bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf kG„
lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
st} st} b'nxfsf] k9fOdf
nfu]sf] jf nfUg] vr{ jf lghnfO{ Jofkf/
jf Joj;fodf nufpg rflxg] k'FhL
jf b'nxf tkm{sf] ljjfx vr{ b'nxL
kIfaf6 dfUg] jf lng] rng
klg kfOG5 . o:tf] ug'{ klg o;
P]g cg';f/ ck/fw g} xf] .
To;}n] hGt nUbf nfu]sf] af6f] vr{
tyf vfgf vr{ b'nxL kIfn] Joxf]g{
kfO{b}g / s]6f kIfn] lt/fpg kfO{b}
g, o:tf] u/]df lauf] hkmt u/L @)
xhf/b]lv rfln; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/jfgf jf kG„ lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j}
;hfo x'g]5 .
hGtL hfg]x?nfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf]
gub lhG;L pkxf/ lbg x'Fb}g . olb
s;}n] lbPdf @) xhf/b]lv rfln;
xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf kG„
lbg;Dd s}b x'g]5 . t/ hGtLsf] ;fy
hfg] el/ofx?nfO{ gubL jf lhG;L
Hofnf lbg eg] afwf kg]{ 5}g . To;}
u/L of] P]gn] ;xefuLsf] ;Î\of /
sfo{qmdsf] cfsf/df klg ;Ldf
tf]s]sf] 5 .
lax]df afhfjfnf nufot
PsfpGg hfgfeGbf a9L hGtL jf
al/oft nfg gx'g], hGtdf s'g}
k|sf/sf] ef8fjfn gfr nUg gx'g],
hGtdf cflt;afhL ug{ gx'g]
/ hGtdf P3f/ hgf eGbf a9L
afhfjfnf /fVg gx'g] k|fjwfg 5 .
o:tf s;'/ s;}n] u/]df bz xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf kG„ lbg;Dd
s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
5}7L, Gjf/fg, hGdbLj;, kf:gL,
r"8fsd{, a|taGw, rf}/f;L ubf{ ;f]
sd{sf08;Fu ;DalGwt glhssf]
gft]bf/ afx]s c¿ 5/l5d]sL
Oi6ldqx? dWo]af6 klRr; hgfeGbf
a9L JolQmnfO{ ef]hdf cfdGq0f
u/]df bz xhf/ ?k}ofF hl/jfgf jf
;ft lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo
x'g]5 .
s'g} klg JolQmsf] d[To'
pk/fGt ul/g] sfh lsl/of, >f4 P+j
cGo ljleGg lqmof ubf{ ghLssf]
gft]bf/ / dnfdL afx]s c¿
5/l5d]sL Oi6ldqx? dWo]af6
kRrL; hgfeGbf a9L JolQmnfO{
ef]hdf cfdGq0f u/]df bz xhf/
?k}off;Dd hl/jfgf jf ;ft
lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
s'g} klg ;fdfgx¿ bfOhf],
pkxf/ / cGo ;fdfu|Lx¿ e8\lsnf]
¿kdf k|bz{g u/L n}hfg jf k7fpg
x'Fb}g . o:tf] u/]df kfFr xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf ;ft lbg;Dd
O6x/L ÷ ljljw
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . @#

t/x/f ÷ ljljw
:jf:Yo
hnlaGb'-Un'sf]df_ s] xf] <
t/x/f ÷ ljljw
s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 . ;fdflhs
Jojxf/ ubf{ s'g} cj;/ jf pknIodf
rflxg] eGbf a9L x'g]u/L e8\sLnf]
¿kdf 3/ ;hfpg] jf aQL afnL 3/
;hfpg] u/]df bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/jfgf jf ;ft lbg;Dd s}b x'g]5 .
s;}n] plNnlvt Jojxf/
;Fu ;DalGwt s;'/x? u/]df
To:tf] JolQm pk/ sfg'gL sf/afO{
lhNnf sfof{non] ug]{5 . ;fy} o:tf
ljjfx, a|taGw, r"8fsd{, kf:gL,
rf}/f;L tyf lkt[–sfo{ cflbdf ul/g]
vr{sf] ;DaGwdf xbaGbL nufO{ g]kfn
;/s/fn] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L cfb]z hf/L ug{ klg
;Sg]5 / ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf]
l;nl;nfdf ef]hsf] nflu cfdGq0f
ul/Psf JolQmx¿sf] nfut tyf P]gdf
tf]lsPadf]lhd eP gePsf] ljj/0f
;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
dfu ug{ ;Sg]5, o;/L k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] ljj/0f dfu ubf{ P]gsf]
Dofbleq ph'/ k/]sf] xsdf dfq
dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . olb k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] dfu]sf] ljj/0f glbPdf
tLg xhf/ ?k}oFf;Dd hl/jfgf jf tLg
lbg;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
o:tf ultljlw af/] ePsf]
k}Flt; lbg leq d'4f bfo/ gu/]df d'4f
rnfpg ;lsg] 5}g . ;fwf/0f gful/s
ePdf a9Ldf tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd
hl/jfgf jf tL; lbg;Dd s}b x'g]5
eg] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf]
;Ël7t ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L jf g]kfn
;/sf/af6 :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;+:yfg jf
;Ël7t :jzfl;t ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?n]
o:tf s;'/ u/]df tf]lsPsf] ;hfosf]
cltl/Qm lghsf] ;]jf zt{;DalGw
sfg'g adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ;d]t
ul/g]5 .
;fy} ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;do o:tf
;fdflhs Jojfxf/sf cGo s'/fx¿df
klg sfg'g agfO{ nfu' ug{ ;Sg]5 .
8f= n]vgfy Gof}kfg]
x/]s k|f0fLsf nflu cfFvf ;a} eGbf
dxTjk"0f{ cË dWo] Pp6f xf] . ;+;f/ x]g{sf
nflu cfFvf clgjfo{ x'G5 . log} cfFvfdf
;do ;dodf ljleGg vfn] ;d:ofx¿
b]vf kg]{ u5{g\ tL dWo]sf] Pp6f xf]
hnlaGb' . cfFvfleq z/L/sf cGo
efudf h:t} kfgLsf] dfqf /xG5 . oxL
kfgLnfO{ PSo'; Xo'd/ elgG5 /, oxL
kfgLsf] dfqf cfjZos eGbf w]/} /lx
/x]df of ag]/ lgsf; sd ePdf
cgfjZos kfgLsf] bafasf sf/0f cfFvfdf
cfpg] clK6s ge{-g;f_df c;/ k'Ug
hfG5 . h;sf sf/0f Hof]lt sd x'g] of k"0f{
¿kdf x/fpg] u5{ . o:tf] /f]u of cfFvfsf]
;d:ofnfO{ hnlaGb'-Un'sf]df_ elgG5 .
cfhsf] cÍdf hnlaGb'af/] rrf{ ug]{5' .
cfFvfsf /f]u dWo] hnlaGb' Pp6f
3fts /f]u xf] . cfFvfsf] Hof]lt g} n}hfg
;Sg] of] /f]usf sf/0f / k|sf/ s] s] x'g
t . ;j{ k|yd t k|sf/ af/] rrf{ u/f}F .
Un'sf]df hGdhft / kl5 cfFvfdf cfPsf]
u8a8L af6 x'g] u5{ . of] sGh]gfO6n
/ PSjfo/{\8 u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .
hGdhft g} cfFvfdf k|];/ a9L ePsf
sf/0f afNofj:yf b]lv g} cfFvf laemfpg]
,dw'/f] b]lvg] of b]Vb} gb]lvg] x'g
;S5 . csf]{ pd]/;Fu} cfFvfdf dw'/f]kgf
cfpg] / b]Vg g;lsg] cj:yf cfpg
;S5 . of] eg]sf] PSjfo/{\8 Un'sf]df xf] .
PSjfo/{\8 Un'sf]df klg b'O{ k|sf/sf
x'G5g\ . k|fOd/L h;df s'g} lglZrt
@$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . @%

t/x/f ÷ xf]6n ± ljljw
sf/0f x'Fb}g / bf];|f] ;]s]08/L h;df
lglZrt sf/0f b]lvG5 . o;/L g} cf]kg
P+un / Snf]H8 P+un u/]/ k|fOd/L Un'sf]
df b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . cfFvfdf aGg]
kfgLsf] ;lhn} lgsf; x'g g;Sbf cfFvfdf
bafa a9]/ cfFvfleq x'g] P+un v'Ng' /
cfFvfdf ;d:of cfpg'nfO{ cf]kg P+un
elgG5 / of] cj:yfdf yfx} gkfO{ cfFvf
b]Vg aGb x'G5 . olb cfFvfdf ;d:of
of wldnf]kgf cfpFb} u/]sf] yfxf ePdf
Snf]H8 P+un Un'sf]df ePsf] yfxf
x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf rf8f] pkrf/ u/fPdf
b]Vg] zlQm aRg ;S5 . / o;df klg hfGg}
kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] w]/}h;f] dflg;nfO{
cf]kg P+un hnljGb' x'g] u5{ / yfx} gkfO{
cfFvfsf] Hof]lt k"0f{ ¿kdf u'Dg k'U5 .
sf/0f / nIf0fx?M hGdhft}-sGh]
gfO6n_Un'sf]df x'g] ;d:of ;fg}
pd]/ b]lv g} b]vf k5{ . o;df klg
s]6L eGbf s]6fsf] ;+Vof a9L k|efljt
x'G5 . o;n] w]/}nfO{ b'O{j6} cfFvfdf c;/
ug]{ u5{ . o;n] b]Vg] ;Defjgf sd
/xG5 . csf]{ eg]sf] PSjfo/{\8 Un'sf]df
xf] hf] jo:s eP kl5 dfq b]vfk5{ /
la:tf/} nIf0fx? cfp5g\ h:t} ;fFemkv
6fpsf] b'Vg], aQLdf OG›]0fL h:tf]
b]lvg] cflb . cfFvfsf] hfFr ubf{ eg]
la/fdLsf] s8f k|sfz ;xg gx'g], sf]lg{of
a9]sf] of ;'lGgPsf] h:tf] b]lvg], cfFvfsf]
bfgf g} 7'nf] ePsf] b]lvg] . kfgL hd]sf]
b]lvg] h:tf nIf0f / b[li6 sd x'Fb} hfg'
cuf8Lsf] j:t' :ki6 b]lvg' t/ cfkm" j/k/
bfFofafFof ePsf j:t' 7Dofpg g;Sg' d'Vo
nIf0f / lrGx x'g\ . pd]/n] $) jif{ k'u]sf
jf $) sf6L ;s]sf dflg;df w]/} ;Defjgf
x'g] / oxL ;dodf cfFvfsf] Hof]lt klg sd
x'Fb} hfg] x'Fbf /f]u hl6n eP kl5 dfq
yfxf x'g] u5{ . of] pd]/df /Qmrfk pRr
x'g] / dw'd]x klg x'g;Sg] ePsf sf/0f
hnlaGb' x'g] ;Defjgf klg w]/} x'G5 .
o;/L g} hnlaGb' j+zfg'ut ;d:of klg
ePsfn] kl/jf/df 5 eg] cfpg] ;Gtfgdf
klg x'g] ;Defjgf pRr x'G5 / ;t{stf
ckgfpg' / lgoldt cfFvf hfFr u/fpg' k5{ .
pkrf/M hnlaGb' ;dod} kQf
nfu]df cf}ifwLsf] k|of]uaf6 g} l7s
x'G5 . olb cf}ifwLaf6 lgsf] gePdf cfw'lgs
k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 n]h/ ;h{/L klg x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . t/, u'ld;s]sf] b[li6 eg] kmsf{pg
k|foM g;lsg] x'Fbf ;dodf g} ;hu x'g' /
sDtLdf jif{df Ps k6s cfFvfsf] k/LIf0f
bIf lrlsT;s;Fu u/fpg' plrt x'G5 .
-n]vs xf]ldof]Koflys
lrlsT;s x'g ._
:j:y z/L/, dl:tis tyf cfTdfsf nflu of]uf lgs} kmfObfhgs 5 . t/ of]uf
ubf{ klg lgs} ;fjwfgL k"j{s ug'{ k5{ . of]ufsf s]xL lgodx¿ 5Gf\ , h'g kfngf ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf] kfngf ul/Pg eg] of]ufaf6 kmfObf x'g'sf] ;§f gf]S;fg x'g
;S5 . To;}n] of]uf ubf{ lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'xf];\ .
of]u ugf{n] z/L/ tfltG5 . To;}n] of]u ugf{ ;fy gg'xfpg'xf];\ . of]u u/]sf] !
306f kl5 dfq g'xfpg'xf];\ . of]u ugf{ ;fy g'xfpbf ?3f, dsL{, hLp b'Vg] cflb
;d:ofn] ;tfpg ;S5 .
of]u ug]{ qmddf afy?ddf hfg' x'Fb}g . a? cfˆgf] z/L/sf] kfgL kl;gfsf]
dfWodaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg' k5{ .
of]u ubf{ z/L/ tfltG5 . o; qmddf lr;f] kfgL lkpbf PnhL{, ?3f vf]sL, skm
h:tf ;d:of b]vf kg{ ;S5 .
jh|f;gnfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo ;a} of]u / vfgf vfg] ;do lar sDtLdf # 306fsf]
km/s x'g' k5{ . ;a}eGbf /fd|f] laxfg vfnL k]6 of]u ug'{xf];\ .
;w}F ;lhnf] of]uaf6 ;'?jft u/L cK7\of/f] of]u ug'{xf];\ . ;'? b]lv g} cK7\of/f]
cf;g ubf{ uf¥xf] x'g ;S5 jf tkfO{ rf8} yfSg ;Sg' x'g]5 .
la/fdL x'Fbf of]u gug'{xf];\ . olb of]u ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] 8fS6/ jf of]u u'?sf]
;Nnfx lng'xf];\ .
of]u ug'{ cl3 clnslt hLp ttfpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 k|f0ffofd ug'{xf];\ / of]u
ug'{xf];\ . To; kl5 cGTodf zjf;g ug'{xf];\ .
u'? a]u/ lstfa k9]/ jf l;8L x]/]/ of]u ubf{ gf]S;fg x'g ;S5 . ;fy} c¿nfO{
x]/]/ klg of]u gug'{xf];\ .
olb tkfO{ 9f8, 3'F8f jf df+;k]zL ;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:ofn] u|:t x'g'x'G5 eg]
of]u ug'{ cl3 ljz]if1 ;Fu cjZo ;Nnfx lng'xf];\ .
of]u ubf{ uxgf, r'/f nufpbf of]uf;gdf ;d:of x'g ;S5 / rf]6 klg nfUg
;S5 . To;}n] ;fbf e]ife'iffdf g} of]u ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
w/fg ÷ Hj]n;{
@^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . @&

w/fg ÷ Hj]n;{
@*. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
…o'l/s Pl;8Ú
8f= OZj/ clwsf/L
cfo'j]{b lrlsT;s
/utdf o"l/s Pl;8sf] dfqf
;fdfGo eGbf a9L x'g'nfO{ cfo'j]{bdf
jft/Qm /f]u elgG5 eg] cfw'lgs lj1fg
cg';f/ Gout or Gouty Arthritis
elgG5 . lrlsT;fzf:qsf] b[li6sf]0fn]
of] clt k|frLg /f]u xf] . klxn] klxn]
;DkGgzfnL Pjd\ wlgdgL kl/jf/sf]
JolQmx?nfO{ of] /f]u a9L b]vf k/]sf]
kfOPsf]n] pQm ;dodf jft/Qm /f]unfO{
King lf diseases sf] ;+1f klg lbPsf]
kfOG5 . cfhsf] c+sdf o"l/s Pl;8sf]
sf/0faf6 pTkGg x'g] …jft/Qm /f]uÚ u/]
5f]6s/Ldf rrf{ ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5' .
;fdfGo cj:yfdf xfd|f]
z/L/df pTkGg x'g] o'l/s Pl;8
d[uf}nf x'Fb} lk;fjsf] dfWodaf6 aflx/
lgl:sG5 . ha ldYof cfxf/
ljxf/sf] clws cEof;n] cyjf cGo
s'g} sf/0faf6 d[uf}nfdf ;d:of pTkGg
eO{ /utdf o'l/s Pl;8 aGg] / lk;fjsf]
dfWodaf6 aflx/ lg:sg] k|lqmofdf
u8a8L x'g k'U5 ta /utdf
kof{Kt dfqfdf o'l/s Pl;8 3'Ng
kfpb}g / lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} pQm
Pl;8 k|foM u/]/ v'§fsf] ;fgf]
hf]gL{x? -a'l9 cf}nf_ df uP/ hDdf eO{
jft/Qm (Gout) sf] ?k lnG5 . s;}
s;}df of] /f]u j+zf0f'ut klg x'g ;S5 .
of] /f]usf] ;'?sf] cj:yfdf
/f]uLsf] d'vsf] :jfb lkmSsf x'g], 5ftL
kf]Ng], k]6 km'Ng], slAhot x'g], ef]s
gnfUg] jf clws nfUg], z/L/df
lr8lr8fkg x'g] cflb h:tf nIf0fx?
b]lvG5 .
lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} /utdf o'l/s
Pl;8sf] dfqf a9\b} hfFbf ljz]if u/L
/f]uLsf] v'§fsf] a'l9cf}Fnf / cf;kf;sf
hf]gL{x?df cs:Dfft\ b'Vg] tyf ;'lGg]
x'G5 . k|foM u/]/ hf]gL{sf] b'vfO{ lbgdf
eGbf /ftdf al9 x'G5 / slxn] sfFxL
;xg} g;Sg] u/L b'vfO{ -kf]Ng]_ x'G5 .
o;sf ;fy;fy} ef]hgdf c?rL x'g], Hj/f]
cfpg], /f]uL lx+88'n ug{ g;Sg], z/L/df
a]r}gL x'g], 6fpsf] b'Vg], gf8Lsf] ult
a9\g] cflb nIf0fx? b]lvG5 . o; /f]uaf6
nfdf] ;do b]lv lkl8t JolQmx?nfO{ eg]
z/L/sf] ;Dk"0f{ hf]gL{x?df b'vfO{ x'g
;S5 .
o; /f]usf] ;dodf g} pkrf/
gugf{n] ljz]if u/L o;sf] c;/ d[uf}nfdf
b]lvG5 . ;'?sf] cj:yfdf o;n]
d[uf}nf kTy/L pTkGg u/fpg ;S5 eg]
sfnfGt/df d[uf}nf km]n klg x'g
;S5 . o; /f]un] d'6'df klg c;/
ug]{ ePsf] x'Fbf bL3{sfndf uDeL/
;d:ofx? lgDTofpg ;S5 . of] /f]unfO{
;dodf g} pkrf/ uof]{ eg] lgsf] x'G5 .
t;y{ lrlsT;ssf] k/fdz{df /xL lgoldt
?kdf cf}iflw ;]jg ugf{n] o; /f]uaf6
pGd'lQm kfpg'sf ;fy} eljiodf pTkGg
x'g] hl6n ;d:ofx?af6 aRg ;lsG5 .
…:j:y:o :jf:Yo /If0fd\Ú eGg]
cfo'j]{bsf] d'Vo l;4fGt cg';f/ k|To]s
:j:y JolQmn] o; /f]uaf6 aRgsf] nflu
l;u/]6sf] nt 5'6fpg]
k|efjsf/L pkfo
w]/}h;f] w"d|kfg ug]{ JolQmnfO{
o;sf] xflgsf af/]df /fd|f] ;Fu yfxf x'G5
/ pgLx¿ 5f]8\g klg rfxL /x]sf x'G5g\
t/ ;ls/x]sf x'b}gg\ . o:tf] nt nfuL
;s] kl5 xtkt 5'6fpg uf¥xf] x'G5 . olb
tkfO{F ;fFRr} g} l;u/]6 lkpg 5f]8\g rfxg'
x'G5 eg] lgDg pkfo ckgfpg'xf];\ .
cfo'j]{lbs pkfo
w"d|kfg ug'{ o:tf] Hofgdf/f nt
lgDg pkfox? cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 .
!= /ftf] df;', u]8fu'8L, uf8]sf] crf/,
tfdf, uf]ne]+8f, Rofp, s'l/nf], lr;f]
k]o kbfy{, kfn'ª\uf], sfpnL, aGbf
cflbsf] ;]jg sd ug]{ .
@= k|z:t dfqfdf kfgL lkpg] -k6s–
k6s_
#= lgoldt Jofofd ug]{ .
$= w"dkfg / dBkfgaf6 6f9f /xg] .
%= w]/} u'lnof] kbfy{x?sf] ;]jgdf sld
Nofpg] .
^= z/L/sf] tf}n lgoldt /fVg] .
&= lrlsT;ssf] k/fdz{af6 cf}iflwsf]
;]jg ug]{ cflb .
-n]vsnfO{ lrq/]vf cfo'j]{lbs cf}iflw
k;n df]/Ë, pnf{af/Ldf e]6\g ;lsG5 ._
xf], h;af6 5'6\sf/f kfpg sl7g x'g'sf
;fy} of] nt 5f]8\g' x/]ssf] jzsf] s'/f
xf]Og . of] nt 5'6fpg lgs} uf¥xf]
eP klg c;Dej eg] 5}g . ljleGg
cfo"j]{lbs pkfox¿ ckgfO{ w"d|kfgsf]
nt 5'6fpg ;lsG5 ;fy} To;sf] c;/
z/L/df % ldg]6 d} b]vf kg{ yfN5 .
cb'jf M cb'jf ;fgf] ;fgf] 6'qmf kf/L
To;df clnslt sfnf] g'g / sfutL
w/fg ÷ Hj]n;{±kfn{/
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . @(

w/fg ÷ u|Ln
ljleGg b'3{6gfdf lbOg] k|fylds pkrf/
w/fg ÷ lu|n+xf]6n
hLjgdf b'3{6gfx? hlta]nf klg
x'g ;S5 . ;8s b'3{6gf, Åbo3ft,
c:ydf P6\ofs jf c¿ s'g} 36gf xf];\
,o:tf b'3{6gfnfO{ cem uDeL/ x'gaf6
/f]Sg ;lsG5 . olb tkfO{FnfO{ 8fS6/n]
lbg] pkrf/ eGbf klxnf lbOg] k|fylds
pkrf/ -km:6 P8_ sf] af/]df /fd|f]
hfgsf/L 5 eg] s'g} klg b'3{6gfnfO{ cem
uDeL/ x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;lsG5 . cfh xfdL
o:t} s]xL km:6 P8sf af/]df hfgsf/L
/xg'xf];\ .
– p;nfO{ cToGt cfjZos gx'Gh]n
;Dd lxF8\g glbg'xf];\ .
– olb JolQmn] ;f; km]g{ uf¥xf] eO
/x]sf] 5 eg] p;sf] lk7\o"F k5fl8
l;/fgL /fvL cUnf] agfpg'xf];\ .
– Åbo3ft ePsf] # 306f leq ;xL
pkrf/ ul/of] eg] vt/f 6fg{ ;lsG5 .
– Odh]{G;L, dx;'; x'gf ;fy PDa'n]G;nfO{
kmf]g ug'{xf];\ / x:kL6n n}hfg'xf];\ .
bn]/ 3fddf ;'sfpg'xf];\ . ha of] ;'S5
clg uf]hLdf af]Sg'xf];\ . ha tkfO{FnfO{
l;u/]6sf] tntn nfU5, cb'jfsf] 6'qmf
d'vdf xfNg'xf];\ . cb'jfdf kfOg] ;Nkm/n]
l;u/]6 jf s'g} dfbs kbfy{sf] tntn
x6fp5 . of] pkfo ckgfPsf] % ldg]6 d}
o;sf] c;/ b]vf k5{ .
cdnf M cb'jf h:t} cdnfn] klg
w"d|kfgsf] nt x6fpg d2t u5{ . o;sf
nflu cdnfsf] 6'qmf kf/L g'g ld;fP/
;'sfpg'xf];\ . w"d|kfg ug]{ OR5f nfUbf
o;sf] 6'qmf r':g'xf];\ . o;df kfOg]
le6fdLg ;Ln] lgsf]6Lgsf] rfxgf sd
u5{ .
/ftf] vf];f{gL M /ftf] vf];f{gLdf
s]K;fOl;g afx]s le6fdLg ;L klg
kfOG5 . h;n] Zjf; k|Zjf;
k|0ffnLnfO{ alnof] / w"d|kfgsf]
rfxgf sd u5{ . vf];f{gL vfg]s'/fdf
k|of]u ug'{ afx]s Ps lunf;
kfgLdf Ps lrD6L ld;fP/ lkpg klg
;lsG5 . o;af6 tkfO{FnfO{ cf/fd
ldNg'sf ;fy} o;n] nfdf] ;do ;Dd
sfd u5{ .
dx M w"d|kfg dfq xf]Og, s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] g;faf6 d'lQm kfpg dx
lgs} pkof]uL x'G5 . dxdf le6fdLg,
PGhfOd / k|f]6Lg k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5,
h;n] w"d|kfgsf] tntn 5'6fpg d2t
u5{ . o;sf nflu ;w}F z'4 dx g} k|of]u
ug'{xf];\ .
d'n]7L M tkfO{Fsf] uf]hLdf l;u/]6sf]
;§f d'n]7L af]Sg'xf];\ . ha w"d|kfg ug{
dg nfU5 d'n]7L rkfpg'xf];\ . o;n]
w"d|kfg ug]{ OR5f sd u5{ ;fy} o;n] k]6
klg ;kmf /fV5 .
lbg uO/x]sf 5f} . h'g xfdL d]l8sn
Odh]{G;Lsf qmddf ckgfpg ;S5f} .
xf6{ P6\ofs -Xbo3ft_ x'“bf
ckgfpg'kg]{ km:6{ P8 l6K;
– Åbo3ft ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;lhnf] x'g]
u/L a;fpg'xf];\ jf ;'tfpg'xf];\ .
– ;a} eGbf pko'Qm JolQmnfO{ e"O{df letfdf
6;fP/ a;fpg'xf];\ . 3'F8f clnslt bf]af/]/
6fpsf] / 3fF6L letfdf c8\ofP/ a;fpg'xf];\ .
– JolQmnfO{ a]xf]z x'g glbg xfjf rNg]
7fpFdf ;'tfpg] jf a;fpg] ug'{xf];\ .
– p;sf] d'6'sf] w8\sg, gf8L, An8 k|];/
/ r]tgfsf] :t/ a]nf a]nfdf r]s u/L
P;Ll86L
– kLl8tnfO{ cf]5\ofgdf ;'tfpg'xf];\ /
l;/fgL ^ b]lv * OGr cUnf] agfpg'xf];\ .
– b'O{, tLg j6f l;/fgL eg] gxfNg'xf];\ .
– tf/]sf], d;nfbf/ vfgf, s}lkmg,
cNsf]xn / kfrg sfo{nfO{ c;/ kfg]{
vfg]s'/f glbg'xf];\ .
– vfgf /fd|f] ;Fu kRgsf nflu ;'Tg'
eGbf b'O{, c9fO{ 306f klxnf g} vfgf
vfg' k5{ .
#) . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg. #!

w/fg ÷ xf]6n
#@. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
– tgfj /lxt /xg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .
c:ydf P6\ofs
– JolQmnfO{ cf/fdbfos l:yltdf
s';L{df a;fpg'xf];\ . p;nfO{
g;'tfpg'xf];\ .
– kLl8tnfO{ PSn} g5f]8\g'xf];\ / jl/kl/
le8 klg gagfpg'xf];\ .
– c:ydf kLl8t JolQmn] cfkm" ;Fu
OGx]n/ / l/lnj/ kkm /fVg] u5{g\ .
To;}n] l9nf] gu/L o:tf j:t' /f]uLnfO{
lbg' k5{ .
– olb OGx]n/ / l/lnj/af6 s'g} ;'wf/
gePdf t'?Gt 8fS6/ sxfF n}hfg' k5{ .
a]xf]z x'“bf
– kLl8tnfO{ xfjf rNg] 7fpFdf ;'tfP/
v'§f d'lg @, # j6f l;/fgL /fvL lbg'xf];\ .
– lrp8f]nfO{ cUnf] agfP/ /fVg'xf];\ .
– olb xftv'§f lr;f] 5 eg] xftn] bn]/
tftf] agfpg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ .
– kfgL, df]xL, sfutL kfgL h:tf t/n
kbfy{ gv'jfpg'xf];\ .
gzf ;l8\sbf jf x8\8L
eflRrbf
– rf]6 nfu]sf] 7fpFnfO{ s'g} ;kf]6{ lagf
grnfpg'xf];\ / oxfF bafa klg
gagfpg'xf];\ .
– olb xNnfpg' k/]df rf]6 nfu]sf] :yfg
d'lg klqsf kmf]N8 u/]/ /fVg'xf];\ /
;fjwfgLk"j{s sk8fn] afFWg'xf];\.
– ;'lGgPsf] / b'vfO{ sd ug{sf nflu
rf]6 nfu]sf] 7fpFdf a/km bNg'xf];\ .
– s'g} t]nn] dflnz gug'{xf];\ .
– 6fpsf], ub{g / 9f8df rf]6 nfu]df
a9L lx+8•'n gug'{xf];\ .
– r]f6 nfu]sf] 7fpF lgs} ;'lGgPdf
8fS6/nfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
kf]n]df
– sk8fdf cfuf] nfu]df otfplt efUg'sf]
;§f e"O{df n8La'8L v]Ng'xf];\ .
– cfuf] nfu]sf] JolQmn] hLpdf kfgL
vGofpg'sf] ;§f cf]9\g]n] 5f]Kg'xf];\ .
– kLl8tnfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf nu]/ t'?Gt
sk8f km]/fpg'xf];\ .
– kf]n]sf] cËnfO{ kfgLsf] wf/df !), !%
ldg]6 ;Dd /fVg'xf];\ .
– kf]n]sf] 7fpFdf a/km gbNg'xf];\ g t
lr;f] kfgLdf 8'afpg'xf];\ .
– b'vfO{ / ;'lGggaf6 aRgsf nflu
P]nf]e]/f o'Qm dnd nufpg'xf];\ .
;8s b'3{6gf
– /ut aUgaf6 /f]Sgsf nflu To;
:yfgnfO{ a]:;/L lyr]/ /fVg'xf];\ jf
;kmf sk8fn] afWg'xf];\ .
– b'3{6gfu|:t JolQmsf] Zjf; / gf8L
k/LIf0f u/L /xg'xf];\ .
– ;8s b'3{6gfdf 6fpsf] jf d]?b08sf]
x•Ldf rf]6 nfu]df kLl8tnfO{ a9L
xlNng glbg'xf];\ .
– olb 8fS6/ sxfF k'Ug l9nf] eO/x]sf] 5
eg] v'§f cUnf] agfP/ /fVg'xf];\ .
– ctflnP/ kLl8tsf] xftv'§f lr;f] x'g
;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf p;sf] xftv'§fsf]
dflnz ug'{k5{ .
k]m;g
km]zg kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf km]zg]an b]lvg' x/]s JolQmsf]
rfxgf x'G5 . ablnbf] kl/j]z ;Fu}
km]zgdf lgTo gofF kl/jt{g
b]Vg kfOG5 . lxhf]cfh o'jtLx? tyf
lszf]/Lx?df Knfhf] k]G6 nufpg]
km]zg a9]sf] 5 . Knfhf] k]G6 3]/fbf/
xn{Ë k/]sf] k]G6 xf], h'g em§ x]bf{ nË
d]8L h:t} b]lvG5 . of] ljleGg km]la|s,
/Ë tyf :6fOndf ahf/df pknAw 5 .
Knfhf] k]G6 kmd{n tyf Sofh'cn
b'j} tl/sfn] nufpg ;lsG5 . o;sf]
3]/f klg OR5f cg';f/ sd jf a9L
ePsf] x]/]/ nufpg ;lsG5 . dWod tyf
w]/} 3]/f ePsf] Knfhf]n] o'jtLx?nfO{
lgs} ;'xfp5 . ;Q/Lsf] bzssf] k|l;4
k]G6 clxn] cfP/ km]l/ nf]slk|o aGb}
uO/x]sf] 5 . of] nf]slk|o x'g'df
cf/fdbfoL tyf xn'sf x'g' klg
xf] . Knfhf] lk|G6]8 tyf ;fbf b'j}
l8hfOgdf plQs} ?rfOPsf] 5 . Knfhf]
k]G6 sDd/df 6fO6 x'G5 / tn v's'nf]
x'Fb} hfG5 . of] k]G6 h'g;'s} df};ddf
klg nufpg ;lsG5 . of] k]G6 6k, s'tf{,
l6z6{, 8]lgd Hofs]6, qmk 6k cflb ;Fu
nufpg ;lsG5 . uxgfsf] ;Gbe{df eg]
w/fg ÷k]mG;L
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . ##

w/fg ÷ k]mG;L
#$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
o; k]G6 ;Fu ;fwf/0f uxgf nufpg'
pko'Qm x'G5 .
Knfhf] k]G6 nufpbf Wofg
lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ M
:6fOn
Knfhf] k]G6 hxfF klg cf/fdn]
nufP/ hfg ;lsG5 . clkm;df
lzkmgsf] sk8faf6 ag]sf]
Knfhf] gnufpg'xf];\ lsgls of] v'§fdf
6fl;P/ l6lkSs b]lvg ;S5, h;n]
nfhdbf]{ agfpg ;S5 . clkm;df
;fbf, km'na'§], k/Dk/fut ,cfdL{ cflb
lk|G6]8 Knfhf] nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
lkml6ª
Knfhf] k]G6sf] 3]/f ;Fu Dofr
ug]{ u/L 6k nufpg' k5{ . s'tf{,
qmk ;Fu sd 3]/f ePsf] lkml6ª
Knfhf] nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 eg]
l6z6{ ;Fu 3]/fbf/ Knfhf]n] ;'xfp5 .
km'6j]o/
Knfhf] ;Fu KjfOG6]8 lxn nufpg'
x'Fb}g lsgls n'h n'uf ;Fu o:tf] lxn
Dofr ub}{g . Knfhf] ;Fu sd lxn ePsf]
:ofG8n, ˆNof6 :ofG8n cflbn] ;'xfp5 .
cGo
– Knfhf] ;Fu n'h 6k gnufpg'xf];\ .
Knfhf] k]G6 lgs} n'h ePsfn] n'h 6k
g} nufpbf cln cgf}7f] b]lvG5 . o;
;Fu xn'sf n'h 6k, qmk 6k, Anfph
6k, nË, s'tL{, l6z6{ afFw]/ nufpg
;lsG5 .
– Knfhf] ;xL lkml6Ësf] x'g'sf] ;fy} ;xL
nDafO{ klg x'g' h?/L x'G5 . Knfhf]
e"O{df l3l;|g] x'g' x'Fb}g ;fy} uf]nLuf7f]
eGbf dlfy klg x'g'x'Fb}g .
– Knfhf] xn'sf tyf g/d sk8faf6
ag]sf] x'g' k5{ h:t} lng]g, qm]k,
lzkmg, s6g cflb km]la|saf6 ag]sf]
nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
– Knfhf] k]G6 ;Fu xNsf d]sck ug'{
pko'Qm x'G5 .
– lk|G6]8 Knfhf] ;Fu ;fbf 6k ;'xfp5 .
– olb tkfO{sf] xfO6 sd 5 eg]
Knfhf] ;Fu ;fwf/0f 6k nufpg'xf];\
/ lxn nufpg'xf];\ . Knfhf] k]G6nfO{
xfOnfO6 ug{sf nflu o ;Fu a]N6
klg nufpg ;lsG5 .
lxhf]cfh o'jfx?df 6\of6'
agfpg] qm]h :ki6 b]Vg ;lsG5 .
cfhsf] ;dodf s]6f xf];\ jf s]6L cfˆgf]
z/L/sf] c+ux?df ljleGg l8hfOgsf
6\of6' agfpg dg k/fp5g\ . l;wf s'/f
ug]{ xf] eg] 6\of6' clxn] Pp6f
km]zgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . t/ olb 6\of6'
agfpg' cl3 / kl5 s]xL s'/fx¿df Wofg
glbbf o;af6 ;+qmd0fsf] l;sf/ eO{
ljleGg ;d:of b]vf kg{ ;S5 . To;}n]
lgDg s'/fx¿df ljz]if Wofg lbg'xf];\ .
6\of6' agfpg' cl3
– 6\of6' agfpbf x]kf6fOl6;, PrcfO{eL,
u|]g'nf]d; / s]Nof]8 h:tf /f]ux¿ nfUg
;S5 . To;}n] 6\of6' agfpbf ljz]if
;ts{tf ckgfpg' k5{ .
– 6\of6' agfpbf k|foM Pp6} ;'O{sf]
k|of]u ul/G5 . h;af6 ;lhn} ;+qmd0f
x'g ;S5 . o;af6 5fnf /ftf] x'g],
lrnfpg], PnhL{ cflb b]vf kg{ ;S5 .
– lxhf]cfh rfOlgh OGs k|of]u
ug]{ rng a9]sf] 5 . of] z/L/sf
nflu vt/gfs x'G5 . To;}n] 6\of6'
agfpbf d;Ldf klg Wofg lbg'xf];\ .
–6\of6' agfpg' cl3 x]kf6fOl6; aL sf]
OGh]S;g nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
– olb tkfO{nfO{ d'6' /f]u, PnhL{, dw'd]x
h:tf /f]u nfu]sf] 5 eg] 6\of6' agfpg'
cl3 8fS6/ ;Fu ;Nnfx ug'{xf];\ .
agfO{ ;s] kl5
– 6\of6' agfO{ ;s] kl5 t'?Gt
:sLgdf bfgf jf wAaf b]lvg hfG5 .
o;sf nflu s'g} lqmd jf t]n nufpg'sf]
;§f :sLgsf] lx;fan] pko'Qm nf]zg
k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
– 6\of6' agfO{ ;s] kl5 sDtLdf @, #
lbg ;Dd ;fa'g k|of]u gug{‘xf];\ lsgls
;fa'gdf ePsf] s]ldsnn] :sLgdf
k|efj kfg{ ;S5 . olb ;fa'g k|of]u ug}{
k/]df aRrfsf] ;fa'g k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
– 6\of6' agfO{ ;s] kl5 x/]s k6s g'xfO{
;s] kl5 To; :yfgnfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu
k'5\g'xf];\ lsgls leHf]/ 6\of6' agfPsf]
:yfg km'Ng ;S5 / PnhL{ x'g] u5{ . 6\of6'
ePsf] :yfgnfO{ xn'sf u/L k'5\g'xf];\ .
– 3fddf lgl:sbf 6\of6' agfPsf] 7fpF
/fd|f] ;Fu 5f]Kg'xf];\ lsgls 3fdsf]
ls/0fn] ubf{ klg PnhL{ x'g ;S5 .
– 6\of6' agfPsf] !@ lbg ;Dd To;
:yfgdf lrnfpg' :jfefljs x'G5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf ToxfF gsGofpg'xf];\
/ xn'sf xftn] a]aL cf]On bNg'xf];\ .
– ;do;Fu} 6\of6' jl/kl/sf] 5fnf lgl:sg
yfN5 . To;}n] Tof] efunfO{ g/d agfO{
/fVg' k5{ . o;sf nflu pko'Qm
df]OZr/fOh/ k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
– 6\of6' agfPsf] $% lbg ;Dd j]lS;Ë
gug'{xf];\ .
– :sLg OGkm]S;gaf6 aRgsf nflu dnd
klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;n] :sLg
;kmf /fVg'sf ;fy} AofS6]l/ofaf6 x'g]
OGkm]S;gaf6 klg arfp5 .
w/fg÷k]mG;L±js{;k
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . #%

w/fg÷js{;k±:jf:Yo
;f}Gbo{
cf“vf jl/kl/sf]
rfp/Lkg sd
ug]{ pkfo
w/fg ÷ On]lS6«f]lgS;
x'G5 , o;n] gª ;fy} xftsf] ;'Gb/tf
klg a9fpF5 .
a9\bf] pd]/ ;Fu} Tjrfdf ljleGg
kl/jt{gx? b]vf kg{ yfN5g\ . ;a}eGbf
a9L k|efj cfFvf jl/kl/ b]Vg kfOG5 . #)
jif{ s6] kl5 z/L/df sf]n]hg / Onf:6«Lg
sd algg yfN5, h;af6 5fnf tlGsg
yfN5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ha xfdL xfF:5f},
xfd|f] cfFvf jl/kl/ dl;gf] rfp/L kg{
yfN5 . t/ cfltO xfNg' kb}{g . o;nfO{ s]xL
3/]n' pkfox¿ ckgfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .
Pnf]j]/f
o;df kfOg] PG6L cS;L8]G6n]
cfFvf j/k/ rfp/L pTkGg ug]{ k|mL
/]8LsN;nfO{ x6fpg d2t u5{ . o;sf
nflu lbgx'F /flt ;'Tg' cl3 P]nf]j]/f h]n
cfFvf jl/kl/ nufpg'xf];\ / laxfg kfgLn]
kvfNg'xf];\ . o;af6 Tjrfn] le6fdLg /
ldg/N; k|fKt u5{ / rfp/Lkg sd u5{ .
h}t'g / abfdsf] t]n
rfp/Lkg sd ug{sf nflu h}t'g,
hf]hf]af / abfdsf] t]nn] cfFvf jl/kl/
dflnz ug'{xf];\ . o;afx]s gl/jnsf]
t]n / c/+8Lsf] t]nn] klg dflnz ug{
;lsG5 . lbgx'F /flt ;'Tg' cl3 oL
t]n dWo] s'g} Ps t]nn] cfFvf
jl/kl/ d;fh ubf{ lgs} kmfObf x'G5 .
b"w
b"wdf kfOg] UnfOsf]lns Pl;8n]
d[t sf]lzsf x6fpg / sf]n]hgsf] dfq
a9fpgdf d2t u5{ . x/]s lbg b"w
lkpgfn] rfp/Lkgaf6 5'6\sf/f ldN5 /
Tjrfdf lgvf/ cfpF5 . o;afx]s Pp6f
a6'sfdf lr;f] b"w lng'xf];\ / To;df
s]xL yf]kf abfdsf] t]n ld;fpg'xf];\ . ca
o;df a|]8sf] b'O{ j6f :nfO; xfNg'xf];\ /
x/]s 6'qmfnfO{ sk8fdf a]/]/ cfFvf dfly
!) ldg]6 ;Dd /fVg'xf];\ . lbgx'F of]
k|lqmof bf]xf]¥ofpbf rfp/Lkgdf s]xL
sdL cfpF5 .
sfutL / c08f
clnslt sfutLsf] /; rfp/L ePsf]
:yfgdf bn]/ !) ldg]6 kl5 cg'xf/
kvfNg'xf];\ . o;afx]s c08fsf] ;]tf] efu
/fd|f] ;Fu lkm6]/ cfFvf jl/kl/ nufpg'xf];\
/ ;'s]kl5 kfgLn] kvfNg'xf];\ . o;af6
5fnf sl;nf] x'g]5 / rfp/L klg sd
cfpg]5 .
d]jf / gfzkftL
rfp/L sd ug{sf nflu sfFrf]
d]jf cfFvf jl/kl/ /ul8g'xf];\ / ;'s]
kl5 kvfNg'xf];\ . o;afx]s gfzkftLsf]
u'bL rfp/Ldf nufpg'xf];\ / @) ldg]6
kl5 kvfNg'xf];\ . o;df kfOg] PG6L
AofS6]l/on / cS;L8]G6n] ;'Vvf /
d[t 5fnfnfO{ k'gM hLljt u/L lgvf/
Nofp5 .
pM cf]OnL Tjrf x'g]n] nf]zg cyjf
h]n a]zsf] k|zfwg nufpg' plrt
x'G5, lqmd a]zdf a9L lrNnf]kg x'G5 .
skfndf cf]On d;fh ubf{ yf]/} t]ndf
dgtftf] kfgL ld;fP/ d;fh ug]{ clg
!%÷F@) dLg]6 kl5 :ofDk' ul/xfNg],
/ftel/ g/fVg] . skfndf t]n lgl:s
/fV5 eg] t]n nufpg h?/L 5}g t/
xKtf cyjf bz lbgdf PskN6 cf]On
d;fh dfly eg] cg';f/ ug'{xf];\ .
pM xft v'§fnfO{ lAnr ug'{xf];\,
d]lgSof]/, k]l8Sof]/ ug'{xf];\ . nf]6;\
sDkgLsf] lqm:6n :kf -nShl/o;
d]lgSof]/–k]l8Sof]/_ ug{ ;Sg'
x'G5 . ls6 lsg]/ cfk}m 3/df ug{ klg
;lsG5 . of] lqm:6n :kfn] 3fdn] 89]sf]
sfnf]kg %) k|ltzt x6fOlbG5 . ;fy}
5fnf g/d klg agfpF5 .
pM gª g/d eP/ To:tf] x'G5,
g]n xf8{g/ nufpg'xf];\ . sfutLsf]
af]qmfn] gªdf xNsf /u8bf klg
gª b¥xf] x'G5 . olb ;fx|} g} 6]9f] eO{
/fV5 eg] g]n PS:6]Gzg ubf{ /fd|f]
k|Md]/f] pd]/ !^ jif{sf] 5 . d]/f]
skfn hGd}b]lv ?vf] / c//f]
5 . d]/f] skfndf s+8LZg/,
d]x]GbL k|of]u ubf{ klg l;NsL
x'Fb}g . d]/f] skfnnfO{ l;NsL
agfpg] s'g} pkfo 5 <
pM hGd]b]lv ?vf] / c//f] skfn
5 eg] 3/]n' pkfox?n] s]xL ug{
;lsGb}g . g t To;sf] eNo'dnfO{ sd
ug{ ;lsG5, g l;NsL g} agfpg
;lsG5 . s]xL dfqfdf g/d agfpg
;lsG5 . d]yLsf] bfgfnfO{ lk;]/
bxLdf ld;fP/ skfndf nufpgfn]
g/d / rlDsnf]sf] ;fy} lrNnf]kg
cfpF5 . s+8LZg/ / d]x]GbLsf]
k|of]un] Psbd} l;NsL x'Fb}g . g/d
rfFlx agfpF5 . s'g} kfn{/df uP/
:6«]6lgª ug'{xf];\ .
pM ;fgf] pd]/sf] gfgLx?sf] nflu
hf]G;g sDkgLsf] a]aL nf]zg, lqmd,
kfp8/x? k|of]u ubf{ a]; x'G5,
cf]l/ˆn]d sDkgLsf k|f]8S6x? klg
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 .
#^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . #&

w/fg ÷ On]S6«f]lgS;±6«]lg·
dlxnfx¿nfO{ nfdf] / alnof]
gª lgs} dg k5{ . lxhf]cfh g]n cf6{sf]
km]zg klg lgs} 6«]G8df 5 . o;sf nflu
gª nfdf] x'g' cfjZos x'G5 t/ 3/sf]
sfd ubf{ k|foM gª eflRrg] u5{ / gª
klg kmf]x/ b]lvg] u5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf
gª alnof] / nfdf] agfpgsf nflu
s]xL 3/]n' pkfo ckgfpg ;lsG5 .
h}t'gsf] t]n M gª alnof]
agfpgsf nflu o;sf] d;fh ug'{
cfjZos x'G5 . o;s]f nflu
Ps rDrf h}t'gsf] t]ndf s]xL
yf]kf sfutLsf] /; ld;fO{ lbgx'F
/flt ;'Tg' cl3 gªsf] d;fh ug'{xf];\ .
c08f / b"w M c08fsf] kx]Fnf] efudf
clnslt b"w ld;fO{ d;fh ubf{ klg
kmfObf x'G5 .
Eof;lng M gªnfO{ alnof] / rlDsnf]
agfpgsf nflu lbgdf b'O{ k6s
Eof;lngn] d;fh ug'{xf];\ .
gl/jnsf] t]n M nfdf] / alnof]
gªsf nflu gl/jnsf] t]n klg lgs}
kmfObfhgs x'G5 . ;w}F /flt ;'Tg' cl3
gl/jnsf] t]nn] xNsf d;fh ug'{k5{ .
n;'g M n;'gsf] Pp6f s];|f lng'xf];\ .
To;nfO{ lar} b]lv sf6]/ gªdf !) ldg]6
;Dd 3f]6\g'xf];\ . o;f] ubf{ !) lbg leq}
/fd|f] kl/0ffd kfpg ;Sg'x'G5 .
;'Gtnfsf] /; / c08fsf]
;]tf] efu M c08fsf] ;]tf] efu Pp6f
a6'sfdf 5'6\ofP/ /fVg'xf];\ . o;df
b'O{ rDrf ;'Gtnfsf] /; ld;fpg'xf];\ .
pQm ld>0f gªdf bnL % ldg]6 Tolts}
5f]8\g'xf];\ . o;df le6fdLg ;L x'G5, h;n]
sf]n]hgsf] ;'/Iff u5{ / gª alnof] x'G5 .
afof]l6g M gª skfn h:t} k|f]6Lgaf6
ag]sf] x'G5, h;nfO{ s]/f6Lg elgG5 .
:j:y gªsf nflu ljleGg le6fdLgx?sf]
cfjZostf x'G5 . To:t} Pp6f
le6fdLg afof]l6g xf] . o;n] s]/f6Lgsf]
;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ u/L gª / skfnsf]
ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;flxt u5{ . of] le6fdLg
c08f, cGg, ufh/, uf]ne]8f, abfd, sfpnL,
sfFqmf, b"w, e6df;, bfn ,hf}, cf]v/ h:tf
vfBkbfy{x?df k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 .
cGo l6K;
– s;} s;}sf] gª 6f]Sg] afgL x'G5 . olb
nfdf] / alnof] gª rflxG5 eg] gª
6f]Sg] afgL x6fpg' k5{ .
– alnof] gªsf nflu k|z:t kfgL
lkpg'xf];\ / gª j/k/sf] efunfO{ g/d
/fVg'xf];\ . o;sf nflu df]OZr/fOh/
klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
– ahf/df gª alnof] agfpg] g]n kf]lnz
klg kfOG5 . h;n] gª alnof]
agfp5 . o:tf] g]n kf]lnz k|of]u
ug'{k5{, h;af6 kmd{n8Lxfo8 h:tf]
xflgsf/s /;fog of]u ul/Psf] x'g'
x'Fb}g .
– gªnfO{ xltof/sf] ¿kdf h:t} gªn]
;dft]/ s'g} s'/f tfGg], sf]6\ofpg] ubf{
klg gª eflRrG5 .
– gªnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg g]n kf]lnz nufO{
/xg'xf];\ .
– ef8f df‰bf UnA; k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .
#*. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . #(

$) . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . $!

$@. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . $#

$$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . $%

$^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . $&

$*. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, c;f/ ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . $(

lzIff
w/fg ÷ 6«]lg·+xf8{j]o/
c+u|]hL l;sf}
cFu|]hL n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?
%) . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, a}zfv
tkfO{n] n]v]sf] zAb ha
s;}n] ;lhn} a'em\5 ta dfq yfxf x'G5
ls tkfO{ /fd|f] n]Vg' x'G5 . x/]s efiffx?sf]
h:t} cFu|]hL efiffsf] klg n]vg ;DalGw
lgodx? 5g\ . h'g o; k|sf/ /x]sf]
5 .
1. Time and Tense
s'g} s'/f n]Vbf of] s'/f Wofgdf /fVg'
k5{ ls jfSo agfpbf ;do / sfnsf]
ljz]if Vofn /fVg' k5{ . P[p6f s'/fsf]
k|;Ëdf ;w}F Pp6} Tense sf] k|of]u
ug'{k5{ .
Example :
- I went to my friends's college
yesterday and we played
tennis together. (Correct)
- I went to my friend's college
yestaerday and we play
tennis together. (incorrect)
2. Subject verb agrement
cFu|]hLdf s'g} klg jfSo ;xL t/Lsfn]
n]Vgdf ;a}eGbf 7'nf] e"ldsf Subject
verb agrement sf] x'G5 . olb tkfO{n]
o; lgoddf Wofg lbg' ePg eg] tkfO{n]
;xL t/Lsfn] n]Vg ;Sg'x'Gg .
Example :
- Everyone has done his/her
homework. (correct)
- Everyone have done his/her
homework (incorrect)
3 . Articles
o;sf] /fd|f] hfgsf/L gx'Fbf
tkfO{nfO{ vf;} km/s gk/] klg o;sf]
k|efj jfSo ljGof;df w]/} kb}{g eg]/
;f]Rg' unt x'G5 . Article ( a, an,
The) sf] hfgsf/L /fd|f] ;Fu gx'Gh]n
;Dd tkfO{n] cFu|]hL /fd|f] ;Fu n]Vg ;Sg'
x'Gg .
Exmple :
- I watched a movie yesterday.
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . %!

w/fg ÷ ljljw
(Correct)
- I watched movie yesterday.
(Incorrect)
4. Preposition
o;sf] lgodsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L
x'g' clt cfjZos x'G5 . o;df
ks8 agfpgsf nflu k|m]hn Verb
/ zAb ;Fu k|of]u ul/g] Preposition
ofb /fVg' k5{ . nuftf/ n]Vg]
cEof;af6 o;sf] /fd|f] hfgsf/L kfpg
;lsG5 . Preposition ofb /fVgsf
nflu pkGof;, Go'hk]k/, klqsf cflb
k9\g' k5{ .
Example :
- I am at work. (correct)
- I am in work. (incorrect)
5. \
xfdL ha s]xL n]V5f}, To;sf]
p4]Zo cufl8sf] JolQmn] a'emf];\
jf cfkm\gf] s'/f p ;Dd k'¥ofpg'
x'G5 . 5f]6f] jfSo n]Vg ;lhnf]
x'g]5 / k9\g]nfO{ k9\g ;lhnf] x'g]5 .
6.
u|fd/sf] lgod cg';f/ olb tkfO{nfO{
s'g} jfSo ;xL 5}g h:tf] nfU5 eg]
Tof] x6fO{ lbg'xf];\ . ;xL xf] jf unt
xf] eg]/ b'ljwfdf g/xg'xf];\ . unt
n]Vg' eGbf lstfa kN6fP/ u|fd/sf] lgod
kN6fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
By : Binod Chaudhary (Deep Thinker)
7.
h;sf] dft[efiff cFu|]hL x'b}g ,pgLx?
n]Vg] sfd t cFu|]hLdf u5{g\ t/ ;f]Rg r}
cfkm\g} efiffdf ;f]rL /x]sf x'G5g\ . o;f]
ubf{ n]vfO{df s]xL sdL /xg hfG5 h'g
s'/f n]Vg] JolQmnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . To;}n]
n]Vg] s|ddf hlxn] klg cFu|]hL d}
;f]Rg'xf];\ .
8.
n]Vg] s|ddf ;w}F Pp6f zAb csf]{
;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'g'k5{ . cyf{t\ jfSo ;nn
au]sf] x'g' k5{ . h'g k9\bf v]/L klg
cfgGb cfcf];\ .
k9fOdf dg nufpg] d+q
x/]s jif{ gofF sIffsf] ;'?jftdf
;a}nfO{ k9\g hf]z cfpF5 . t/ ha ha
lbgx¿ laTb} hfG5 Ps} lsl;dsf] ?6Lg tyf
k9fOn] ubf{ s]xL ljBfyL{x¿sf] k9fOaf6
Wofg x6\b} hfG5 . kmn:j?k k/LIff
cfpGh]n ;Dddf pgLx?sf] :t/ v:sL
;s]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] k9fOdf s;/L dg
nufpg] To;af/] s]xL l6K;x?df Wofg
lbg'xf];\ .
;j{k|yd t ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] ;f]r
;sf/fTds /fVg' k5{ . tkfO{F h:tf]
;f]Rg' x'G5, To:t} aGg'x'Gf]5 . ;f]rnfO{
;sf/fTds agfO /fVgsf nflu
;sf/fTds lstfax¿, k|]/s JolStsf
syfx¿ k9\g'xf];\ . o;n] hLjgdf cl3
a9\g k|]/0ff lbG5 .
hLjgdf s]xL alggsf nflu
cfˆgf] nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{ cToGt h?/L
x'G5 . emg\ ljBfyL{sf nflu t nIo lng'
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;xL nIo cyf{t\ olb s'g}
ljBfyL{sf] kl5Nnf] sIffdf %) k|ltzt
dfS;{ cfPsf] lyof] eg] ca p;sf] nIo
*) k|ltzt dfS;{ Nofpg] x'g' k5{ .
o;/L nIo lgwf{/0f u/L ;s] kl5 slt
306f, slt a]nf, s'g ljifo / s;/L k9\g]
Pp6f of]hgf agfP/ k9\g' k5{ . cfˆgf]
nIonfO{ ;'Tg' cl3 / p7] kl5
bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ . o;n] ubf{ k9\g dg
nfUg] x'G5 .
w]/} l6eL x]g'{, OG6/g]6 rnfpg',
df]afOn rnfpg' tyf k|]d
;DaGwsf sf/0f k9fOdf afwf pTkGg
x'g hfG5 . l6eL x]g]{, df]afOn tyf
OG6/g]6 rnfpg] cflb s'/fx?sf nflu
Pp6f lglZrt ;do tf]Sg'xf];\ / To;
a]nf dfq o:tf sfdx¿ ug'{xf];\ .
k9\g] qmddf df]afOn cfˆgf] 5]pdf
g/fVg'xf];\ . w]/} s]6f jf s]6L ;fyLx¿
klg gagfpg'xf];\ . km];a'sdf klg w]/}
;fyLx? gagfpg'xf];\ . l6eL sf]7fdf a;]/
k9\g] sfd gug'[{xf];\ . gq l6eL vf]n]/
x]g{ dg nfU5 jf c?n] l6eL x]bf{ x]g{ dg
nfU5 .
k9fOdf dg gnfUg] d'Vo sf/0f
e]8]6f/ ÷ xf]6n
%@. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, c;f/
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . %#

;'Gb/x/}rf
Psfu|tfdf sdL x'g' xf] . Psfu|tf
eg]sf] s'g} sfd ug{ xfd|f] dg nfUg'
xf] . ha xfd|f] Wofg y'k|} s'/fx¿df
hfG5, To; a]nf xfd|f] Psfu|tfdf sdL
cfpF5 . pbfx/0f :j¿k xfdL
k9L/x]sf] a]nfdf xfd|f] df]afOndf
kmf]g cfpFbf jf dgkg]{ l;l/on
cfpFbf xfd|f] Wofg cGoq df]l8g ;S5 .
To;}n] hLjgdf s]xL aGg' 5 eg] o:tf
jflxoft sfdx?df Wofg glbg'xf];\ .
h'g ljifo uf¥xf] nfU5, Tof] ljifo
k|m]z ePsf] a]nf k9\g'xf];\ . k9\g] Pp6f
lglZrt 7fpF /f]Hg'xf];\ / lbgx'F kl/jt{g
gug'{xf];\ . ?6Lg cg';f/ k9\g'xf];\ lbgdf
sDtLdf !) ldg]6 d]l86]zg ug'{xf];\ .
– lx8\bf k|To]s rf/ kfOnfdf ! b]lv rf/
;Dd uGb} ;f; 5f]8\g'xf];\ . of]
d]l86]zg ;'? ug]{ ;a}eGbf ;lhnf]
tl/sf xf] .
–st} cf/fdn] a;]/ ! b]lv !)) ;Dd
cf/fdn] uGg'xf];\ .
– ;f; km]g]{ ultdf Wofg lbg'xf];\ . ;f;
lng] / ;f; km]g]{ sfddf Wofg
lbg'xf];\ .
–= k9\g] qmddf klg /f]lsP/ ! b]lv @)
;Dd uGg'xf];\ .
–= 38Lsf] ;]s]G8sf] ;'O{nfO{ 3'd]sf]
x]g'{xf];\ . tyf lbgdf k6s k6s nfdf]
;f; km]g'{xf];\ .
–= /flt rf8} ;'t]/ rf8} p7\g] k|of;
ug'{xf];\ . lbgdf sDtLdf !) ldg]6
Jofofd ug'{xf];\
–=@$ 306fdf cf7 306f d:t lgbfpg'xf];\ .
–= cfˆgf] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf
/fVg'xf];\ . o;n] klg Psfu|tfdf j[l4
u5{ .
oL pkfox? ! dlxgf ;Dd ckgfpbf
lgs} kmfObf lng ;lsG5 .
cleefjs
aRrfsf] cIf/
s;/L ;'wfg]{ <
/fd|f] cIf/sf] k9fOdf lgs} 7'nf]
dxTj x'G5 . cIf/sf sf/0f klg k/LIffdf
sd jf a9L cÍ cfpg] x'G5 . sltko
gfgLx¿sf] cIf/ g/fd|f] x'g] u5{, h'g
cleefjssf nflu lrGtfsf] ljifo x'g
;S5 . lxhf] cfh :s'ndf klg gfgLx¿nfO{
/fd|f] cIf/ n]Vg k|f]T;flxt ul/G5 . t/
klg s]xL aRrfx¿sf] cIf/df s'g} ;'wf/
cfpb}g . To;sf nflu cleefjsn]
lgDg pkfox¿ ckgfpg ;Sg' x'g]5 .
k9\g] 6]ansf] prfO ;xL
x'g'k5{
aRrf k9\g], n]Vg] 6]an w]/} cUnf]
jf xf]rf] geO{ l7Sssf] x'g' k5{ . 6]an
olt cUnf] x'g' k5{ ls aRrfn] ;lhn}
s'lxgf c8\ofP/ n]Vg ;sf];\ . ;fy}
s';L{ klg o:tf] x'g' k5{ ls aRrfsf]
v'§fn] ;lhn} e"FO{ 5f]Psf] x'g'k5{ .
k]G;Ln ;dfTg] tl/sf
aRrfnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn]
k]G;Ln ;dfTg l;sfpg'xf];\ .
unt tl/sfn] k]G;Ln ;dfTbf klg
n]Vg cK7\of/f] x'G5 / cIf/ g/fd|f]
x'G5 . aRrfnfO{ k]G;Ln a'9L cf}nf /
rf]/ cf}nfsf] lardf /fvL ;dfpg
nufpg' k5{ .
gof“ tl/sf
olb tkfO{F cfˆgf] gfgLnfO{
gofF tl/sfsf] cIf/ n]Vg l;sfpg
;'Gb/ x/}rf
%$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, h]7
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . %%

;'Gb/ x/}rf
%^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, c;f/
rfxg'x'G5 eg] To;sf] gd'gf pgLx¿nfO{
b]vfpg'xf];\ . o;sf nflu slksf]
x/]s kGgfdf Pp6f Pp6f cNkmfa]6 n]vL
aRrfnfO{ cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;f]
ubf{ pgLx¿n] gofF tl/sfsf] cIf/ n]Vg
;lhn} l;Sg]5g\ .
klxnf] kf7
;fgf] aRrfnfO{ n]Vg l;sfpgsf
nflu sfnf] :n]6 jf JxfO6 af]8{ / dfs{/
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L af]8{df n]v]/
aRrfnfO{ l;sfpg ;lsG5 . aRrfnfO{
x/]s cNkmfa]6 jf b]jgflu/L cIf/sf]
gSsn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o:tf] cEof;
To; a]nf ;Dd hf/L /fVg'xf];\ ,ha ;Dd
p;n] gx]/Lsg To:t} cIf/ n]Vb}g . /fd|f]
n]Vbf :ofaf;L lbg'xf];\ / p;sf] pT;fx
a9fpg'xf];\ .
n]Vg] u[xsfo{ lbg'xf];\
n]Vg] u[xsfo{ lbP/ klg gfgLx¿sf]
cIf/ ;'wfg{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu
p;nfO{ lgDg u[xsfo{x? lbg ;lsG5 .
– ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
– km]G;L k]k/df sljtf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\
/ leQfdf 6fF:g'xf];\ .
– lgdGq0ff sf8{ agfpg'xf];\ .
– lrq agfP/ To;sf] zLif{s n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
/fd|f] cIf/sf nflu :df6{
l6K;
– s]/d]6 gu/L ;kmf tl/sfn] n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ . olb n]Vbf uNtL eof] eg]
Ps k6s dfq sf6\g nufpg'xf];\ .
– ;a} cIf/ Pp6} wsf{ d'lg n]Vg
nufpg'xf];\ .
– zAbx?sf lardf l7Sssf] Uofk /fVg
nufpg'xf];\ .
– gofF Kof/fu|fkm ;'? ug'{ cl3 b'O{ cf}nf
hltsf] 7fpF 5f]8\g nufpg'xf];\ .
cIf/n] aRrfsf] JolQmTj
bzf{p5
cIf/nfO{ /fOl6Ë ckm a|]g elgG5
lsgls cIf/sf] z}lnaf6 klg x]G8/fOl6Ë
ljz]if1n] JolQmsf] dgsf] s'/f yfkf
kfpg] u5{g\ . x/]s JolQmsf] n]Vg] a]Un}
tl/sf x'G5 h:t}M cIf/sf] agfj6, ult,
bafa cflb . o;}af6 JolQmsf] :jfefj jf
JolQmTjsf af/]df yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
k|]dsf]
k|tLs
…;f/;Ú
;f/; ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf ljzfn
p8\g] r/f xf] . ljz]ifu/L blIf0f Pl;ofnL
b]zx¿df o;sf] jf;:yfg /x]sf] 5 .
o;nfO{ u|; PG6Luf]g klg elgG5 . of]
u'Okmf]d{; kl/jf/sf] ;b:o xf] . of] r/f
;]tf] 6fpsf], /ftf] 3fF6L / v}/f] z/L/sf]
x'G5 . o;nfO{ cË|]hLdf ;f/; qm]g klg
elgG5 . of] r/f g]kfn nufot blIf0f k"jL{
Pl;of tyf c:6«]lnofsf] /}yfg] r/f xf] /
of] ;+;f/s} 7'nf] r/fx?df u0fgf x'G5 .
of] r/f Ps} If]qdf a:g ?rfp5 / a;fO{
;b}{g . of] r/f ^ lkm6 ;Dd cUnf] /
;f9] # lsnf] tf}nsf] x'G5 eg] o;n] kv]6f
lkmhfpbf b'j} kv]6fsf] nDafO{ * lkm6
;Dd k'U5 .
Gf]kfndf o;sf] d'Vo jf;:yfg
lrtjg xf] . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lgs'~h
tyf jGohGt' P]g @)#( n] o; k|hfltsf]
;f/;nfO{ ;+/lIft k+IfLsf] k+lQmdf ;dfj]z
u/]sf] 5 . of] r/f l;d;f/ -bnbn_ o'Qm
If]qdf a:5 . o;sf] c08f, df;' / KjfFvsf
nflu o;sf] cj}w l;sf/ x'G5 . sf]nfxn,
k|b"if0f / af;:yfg ljgf;sf, sf/0f ogsf]
;Î\of lbgk|ltlbg 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
;+;f/el/df ;f/;sf] cf7 j6f
k|hflt kfOG5 . o;sf] d'Vo jf;:yfg
l;d;f/ If]q af9L cfpg] If]q, tnfp,
tfn, wfg v]t cflb xf] . of] b'O{ b]lv
% sf] ;Î\ofdf a:g] u5{ . o;n] cfˆgf]
u'F8 xl/of] 3fF;sf] 3f/Ldf agfp5 . of]
k|foM zfsfxf/L x'G5 / s+bd'n tyf cGgx?
;]jg ug]{ u5{ . slxn]sfxL o;n] s]xL
;fgf hLjx? klg vfG5 . ;f/;sf] efn]
/ kf]yL Ps csf{ k|lt ;dlk{t x'G5g\ .
o;sf] hf]8L hLjge/ ;fy /xG5g\ . olb
b'3{6gfjz s'g} Pssf] d[To' ePdf klg
hLjge/ PSn} a:5g\ . jiff{ofd o;sf]
k|hggsfn xf] . kf]yLn] Ps kN6df b'O{
b]lv tLg j6f c08f kf5{ . tL c08fx?
efn] / kf]yL b'j} ldnL kfn} kfnf]
cf]yf5{g\ . nueu ! dlxgf kl5 c08faf6
aRrf lgl:sG5 . c08faf6 lg:s]sf] nueu
b'O{ dlxgf kl5 ;f/; p8\g ;SGf] x'G5 .
o;sf] efn] eGbf kf]yL s]xL ;fgf] x'G5 .
;f/;nfO{ k|]dsf] k|tLs dflgG5 .
o; r/fn] hLjgdf Ps k6s dfq hf]8L
agfp5 / hLjg e/ ;Fu} a:5g\ . olb
efn] jf kf]yL dWo] s'g} Pssf] d[To' ePdf
o;n] vfg, lkpg 5f]8\5 / ;+ejtM o;sf]
d[To' g} x'G5 . To;}n] klg ;f/;nfO{ kljq
/ ;f}efUobfos k+IfLsf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 .
o;sf] j0f{g lxGb' wd{u|Gy /fdfo0fdf klg
ul/Psf] 5 .
36\bf] v]tL of]Uo hldg, jgh+un
ljgfz, /f;folgs cf}ifwLsf] k|of]u
a9\bf] k|b"if0f tyf Unf]an jfld{Ësf sf/0f
o;sf] ;Î\ofdf ulx/f] k|efj k/]sf] 5 .
s]xL 7'nf] ePsfn] o;nfO{ lu4, lrnaf6
sd vt/f 5 eg] :ofn ˆofp/f]n] o;sf]
;Lsf/ ug]{ u5{g\ . ;fy} o;sf] c08f tyf
rNnfsf] cj}w rf]/L l;sf/L klg a9\bf] 5 .
a]naf/L
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . %&

a]naf/L÷8fuLxf6
lj1fg ;dfrf/
cGtl/Ifdf sxfF a:5g\
cGtl/IfofqLx? <
cGtl/Ifsf] ;+;f/ /x:o g} /x:on]
el/Psf] 5 . To;}n] g} xf]nf tL
/x:osf af/]df yfxf kfpgsf nflu
cGtl/IfofqLx? cGtl/If ldzgdf
hfG5g\ . t/ olt 7'nf] cGtl/Ifdf
cGtl/IfofqLx? sxfF a:5g\ xf]
nf eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . jf:tjdf
cGtl/IfofqLx? cGt{/fi6«Lo :k]; :6];g
(ISS) df a:g hfG5g\ . h'g dflg;x¿sf]
;'ljwfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL agfOPsf]
5 .
s] xf] cGtl/If :6];g <
cGtl/If :6];gnfO{ cla{6n
:6];g klg elgG5 . o;nfO{ dflg;x¿
a:gsf nflu ;'ljwfhgs ¿kdf
l8hfOg ul/Psf] 5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg]
xf] eg] of] cGtl/Ifdf dfgj lgld{t o:tf]
:6];g xf], h'g ;Fu k[YjLsf] s'g} klg
cGtl/If ofg uO{ e]6\g ;S5 .
oxfFaf6 cfsfzsf] /x:osf af/]df kQf
nufOG5 . ;g\ !((* df cGt{/fli6«o
:k]z :6];gsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
;'?df o;nfO{ !% jif{sf nflu dfq
cGtl/Ifdf /fVg] of]hgf lyof] . t/ Pp6f
s/f/ kl5 o;sf] k|of]u ;g\ @)@) ;Dd
ul/g] ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @))# df z6n
ofg sf]nDaLof b'3{6gfsf] l;sf/ ePsf]
lyof] . To; kl5 gf;fn] cGtl/If :6];g
5f]8\g] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . t/ kl5
s]xL sf/0fjz x/]s If0f ToxfF
cGtl/IfofqL /fVg] lg0f{o u¥of] .
cGtl/If
:6];gsf
/f]rs tYox¿
– cGt{/fli6«o cGtl/If :6];g agfpgsf
nflu cd]l/sf, ?;, Sofg8f, hfkfg,
a]lNhod, a|flhn, 8]gdfs{, k|mfG;,
hd{gL, O6nL, gLb/Nof8, gj]{, :k]g,
:jL8]g, :jLh/Nof08 / o"s] ;lxt hDdf
!^ j6f b]zx¿sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 .
– o; cGtl/If :6];gn] x/]s () ldg]6df
k[YjLsf] Ps rSs/ nufp5 .
– cGtl/If :6];g #%^ lkm6 df algPsf]
5, h'g Pp6f km'6ansf] d}bfg eGbf
7'nf] 5 .
– o;sf] tf}n $, @), ))) lsnf]u|fd
5 . of] #@) j6f sf/x?sf] tf}n a/fa/
5 .
– cGtl/Ifsf] /x:o kQf nufpg
algPsf] of] :6];g lgdf{0f ug{ nueu
!@) lalnog 8n/ vr{ ePsf] lyof] .
– cGtl/Ifdf s'g} klg a]nf ha
s'g} cGtl/IfofqLn] ofgaf6 lg:s]/
cGtl/Ifdf kfOnf 6]S5, To;nfO{ :k];
jfs elgG5 . ;g\ !(^% dfr{ !*
df ?;L cGtl/IfofqL PNs];L
lnof]gf]jn] klxnf] k6s :k]; jfs
u/]sf lyP .
– cGtl/If :6];g /ftsf] ;dodf rG›df
/ z'qm u|x kl5 t];|f] ;a}eGbf
rDsLnf] j:t' x'G5 . olb tkfO{Fsf]
cfFvf t]lhnf] 5 eg] tLj| ultdf
lxl8/x]sf] Kn]g h:t} cfsfzdf b]Vg
;Sg'x'g]5 .
– cGtl/IfofqLn] lbgdf # k6s vfgf
vfG5g\ . t/ pgLx¿n] a;]/ gvfO{
xfjfdf p8L/x]sf] cj:yfdf :yL/ eO{
vfG5g\ .
– cGtl/If :6];gsf] %@ j6f sDKo'6/df
klg Ps eGbf a9L k6s efO/;
P6\ofs eO{ ;s]sf] 5 .
– ToxfF On]S6«f]nfOl;; k|lqmof 4f/f
cS;Lhg k|fKt ul/G5 .
– cGtl/If :6];gdf b'O{j6f afy?d 5 .
cGtl/IfofqL tyf hgfj/x?sf] o"l/g
-lkzfa_ lkmN6/ eO{ k'gM lkpg] kfgL
agfOG5 . h;af6 cGtl/IfofqLnfO{
kfgLsf] sdL gxf];\ .
– cGtl/Ifdf klg c08f, df;', t/sf/L,
a|]8 h:tf vfg]s'/f pknAw x'G5 . k|foM
oL vfg]s'/fx? cd]l/sf, hfkfg /
?;df algPsf] x'G5 .
– cGtl/IfofqLx?n] a|z u/] kl5 ls t
lgNg' k5{ ls t g]klsgdf y'Sg' k5{
lsgls ToxfF h] s'/f klg xfjfdf
t}l/g yfN5 . ToxfF kfgL klg kmf]sf
-aan_ h:t} eP/ t}l/G5 .
– cGtl/IfofqLn] ;'Tg] a]nfdf cfkm"nfO{
Pp6f :nLlkª Aofudf Kofs ug'{k5{ .
– cGtl/IfofqLx?n] ljz]if u/L
c/]Gh :k]; ;'6 / ;]tf] :k]; ;'6
nufpg] u5{g\ . o:tf] ;'6 nufpg'sf
k5fl8 klg ljz]if sf/0f /x]sf] 5 .
c/]Gh sn/sf] ;'6 OG6«L ;'6 xf] .
of] /Ë NofG8:s]kdf klg ;lhn} b]Vg
;lsG5 eg] ;]tf] /Ën] ;"o{sf] k|sfznfO{
k/fjt{g ug'{sf ;fy} cGtl/Ifsf] sfnf]
jftfj/0fdf of] ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsG5 .
8fuLxf6
%*. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . %(

ao/jg÷n]6fª
/f]rs ;+;f/
ls/f vfg dg
k/fpg] lqmdLgf
g]zgn lhof]u|flkms Rofgnaf6
‘Man vs Wild' eGg] sfo{s|d
lbOGYof] . h;df h:tf] ;'s}
kl/l:yltdf klg afFRgsf nflu ls/f
km6\ofª\u|f vfg l;sfOGYof] . h'g
x]bf{ bz{sx?sf] cfª l;l/Ë x'GYof] . t/
a'Nufl/ofsL Ps o'jtL …lqmdLgfÚ nfO{
ls/f vfg olt dg k5{ ls pgL ljut
6\of6'sf] cgf}7f] q]mh
b'O{ jif{ b]lv ls/f dfq vfO{ /x]sL l5g\ .
lqmdLgf nueu b'O{ jif{ b]lv ls/fsf] kl/
sf/x? ;+;f/e/ vf]hL/x]sL l5g\ . pgsf
cg';f/ pgL k|f]6Lgsf] ;j{>]i7 ;|f]t
ls/fnfO{ dfG5Lg\ . pgsf cg';f/ ls/
fx?df xdf]{g, k|f]6Lg / s]xL dfqfdf
Pldgf] Pl;8 klg kfOG5 . lqmldgfnfO{
km6\ofª\u|f lgs} dg k5{ . km6\ofª\u|fsf]
v'§f / kv]6f efr]/ vfbf lgs} :jflbnf]
x'g] pgsf] dfGotf 5 . pgnfO{ rfdnsf]
ls/f, e}+;Lsf] lsgf{, /]zd ls/f h:tf
;a} ls/fx? dg k5{g\ . ls/fsf] kl/sf/
sf nflu pgL o"/f]k tyf yfO{Nof08af6
ls/f lsGg] ul5{g\ . klxnf klxnf pgL
cfkm} To:tf] ls/fx? kfNg] uly{g\ . t/
pgL ofqfsf qmddf aflx/ hfFbf To;sf]
/]vb]v ug]{ sf]xL x'b}gYof] .
lhpbf] e"t
lkmlnlkmG;sf Ps JolQmnfO{ b]Vgf
;fy dflg;x? e"t e"t eGb} lrRofpg]
u5{g\ . gfgLx? t pgsf] glhs klg
kb}{gg\ . o:tf] x'g'sf] sf/0f tL JolQmsf]
5fnf s'g} vt/gfs hgfj/ h:t} x'b} uO{
/x]sf] 5 . pgsf] cfFvf hlt v]/ klg
/ftf] / km'sfn]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 ,h'g
b]Vgf ;fy dflg;x? 8/fpg] u5{g\ /
sf]xL klg p ;Fu s'/f ug{ klg tof/
x'Fb}gg\ .
@^ jif]{ tL JolQmnfO{
o:tf] /f]u nfu]sf] 5 ls
pgL hjfgL d} a'9f] b]lvG5g\ .
pgnfO{ OlSyof]+l;; eGg] b"n{e
/f]u nfu]sf] 5 . dflg;x? pgL
;Fu 8/fpg] ePsfn] pgL 3/
af6 aflx/ klg lgl:sb}gg\ .
pgsf] gfd PG6f]lgof] xf] . pgL
On]S6«Ll;og aGg rfxG5g\
/ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ agfpg
rfxG5g\ . t/ pgsf] glhs sf]xL klg
hfg rfxb}g . pgL hGdgf ;fy pgsf
a'afn] 5f]8]/ uP / pgL !@ jif{sf]
x'Fbf cfdfn] 5f]8]/ uOg\ . To; kl5
pgnfO{ pgsL xh'/cfdfn] kfn]sL
lyOg\ .
ky/L
lxhf]cfh Pshgf dlxnfsf]
kmf]6f] ;f]zn ;fO6x?df efO/n eO{
/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] sf/0f pgn] cfkm\gf]
z/L/sf c+ux?df vf]kfPsf] 6\of6' xf] .
x'g t y'k|} dflg;x?n] cfkm\gf] z/L/ el/
6\of6' vf]kfPsf 5g\ . t/ tL dlxnfn]
cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] o:tf] efudf 6\of6'
agfPsL 5g\, h'g x]gf{ ;fy dflg;x?sf]
cfª l;l/Ë x'G5 . ‘Morgan Joyce
varn' gfdsL @$ jif]{ dlxnfnfO{ xfn} dfq
ckx/0f / n'6kf6sf] cleof]udf ks|fp
ul/Psf] lyof] . @$ jif]{ tL dlxnf cfkm\gf]
vt/gfs 6\of6'sf sf/0f rrf{df l5g\ .
jf:tjdf 6\of6' agfpg' ;lhnf]
5}g o;sf nflu lgs} b'vfO{ ;xg' k5{ .
6\of6' agfpg lgs} lxDdt klg
rflxG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf tL
dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] cfFvfsf] gfgLdf 6\of6'
agfPsL l5g\, h'g cfkm}df cgf}7f] 5 .
pgnfO{ xfn} dfq ;fpy Sof/f]lngfdf
lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; cl3 klg
pgnfO{ ljleGg cf/f]kx?df ks|fp
ul/Psf] lyof] .
hjfg algg
/utaf6 ag]sf] lqmd
dflg;x? cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/tf sfod
/fVg s] ub}{gg\ xf]nf < sltn] t
cfkm\gf] c+usf] Knfli6s ;h{/L jf
6«fG;KnfG6 klg u/fpg] u5{g\ . o:t}
Ps a]nfotL df]8n x]n] af]n8ljgn]
cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/tf sfod /fVgsf nflu
cgf}7f] pkfo ckgfPsL l5g\ . h'g
;'Gbf xfdLnfO{ cgf}7f] nfUg ;S5 .
x]n] cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/tf sfod ug{sf
nflu cfkm\g} /utn] algPsf] lqmd
nufpg] ul5{g\ . Ps l/kf]6{ cg';f/
pgs]f lqmddf pgsf] xftsf] /ut
k|of]u ul/G5 . h;nfO{ Ps lsl;dsf]
ljz]if d]l;gn] lkmN6/ ul/G5 . To;kl5
To;nfO{ k]:6 h:t} agfOG5 . x]n] klxnf]
df]8n xf]Ogg\ , h;n] :sLgs]o/sf nflu
/ut k|of]u u/]sL l5g\ . o; cl3 klg lsd
sfb{lzog / cGo s]xL df]8nn] of] pkfo
ckgfO{ ;s]sf 5g\ . Ps cGt{jftf{df
x]n]n] g/d / ;kmf :sLg kfpgsf nflu
cfkm" h] klg ug{ tof/ /x]sf] v'nfPsL
l5g\ .
^). ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, c;f/
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . ^!

syf
sf7df+8f}sf] s7\ofªu|Lg] hf8f]n]
;'bz{ghLsf] /ut g} hdfpnf h:tf] ePsf]
lyof] . clkm; k"u] kl5 s]xL Gofgf] cg'ej
eof] . clkm;sf] eL8, sfdsf] k|];/n]
zl//nfO{ Gofgf] agfpFb} uof] . ;'bz{ghLsf
;fyL ;xsdL{x? pgsf] bfofF tyf
afFof lt/sf] 6]andf a;]sf lyP . bfofF lt/
/d]zhL / afofF lt/ ZofdhL . tL b"j} ;Fu
;'bz{ghLsf] 7\ofs ldNb}g lyof] . ;'bz{ghL
u+eL/ lsl;dsf dWodjuL{o JolQm
lyP . pgL sf]7f efF8fdf a:y] / b'Ohgf
5f]/f5f]/L / >LdtLsf] kl/jf/ s/}n]
wfgL /x]sf lyP eg] /d]zhL / ZofdhL
clns /l;s / d'vfn] k|j[lQsf lyP .
pgLx?sf] cfly{s l:ylt ;'bz{ghL eGbf
s]xL /fd|f] lyof] . pgLx? df}sf kfP lkR5]
;'bz{ghLsf] v'§f tfGg kl5 kb}{g lyP .
cfh k]ml/, /d]zhLn] ;'bz{ghLnfO{
JoËo xfGb} eg] …;'bz{ghL, of] sf]6 ;Fu
tFkfO{sf] lgs} dfof lk/tL ufFl;Psf] 5 ls
Sof xf] < of] yf]qf] sf]6 5f]8\g dfGg' x'Gg,
o;kfnLsf] hf8f] of] sf]6n] ;xnf h:tf]
rfFlx 5}g .Ú …xf] t gL, ZofdhLn] klg s'/f
yKb} eg] …oqf] ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] v/bf/
dfG5], of] yf]qf] sf]6n] cln ;'xfpFb}g klg,
;'bz{ghL Pp6f gofF sf]6 lsGg' k¥of] lg ÛÚ
pgLx?sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;'bz{ghLnfO{ lgs}
/L; p7\of] . d've/Lsf] hjfkm lbpFm ls
h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] t/ u+eL/ k|j[lQsf] dfG5]
;'g]sf] g;'g] h:tf] eO{ cfk\mgf] sfddf
nflu /x] . pgL dgdg} ;f]Rb} lyP
…hfFaf] of] hf8f] klg slxn] ;lsG5 s'lGg,
clg To;kl5 of] sf]6 nufpg' kg]{ lyPg
/ logsf] cfFvf klg of] yf]qf] sf]6df kg]{
lyPg . gofF sf]6 l;nfpg #,$ xhf/ kl/
xfN5, Toltn] t sf]7f ef8f ltl/G5 . hfFaf]
!% xhf/ ?lkofFn] sf]7fef8f lt/, gfgLx?sf]
lkmz lt/, /f]uL >LdtLsf] cf}ifwL, dlxgf
el/sf] /f;g, Tof] !% xhf/ t yfk]s}
ef]nLkN6 sxfF k"U5 sxfF < ltgsf] kf]
cfk\mgf] k"Vof}{nL ;Dklt 5 / k};fsf] wfs
b]vfpF5g\ . o:t} s'/f ;f]Rb} sfd ubf{
ub}{ ;fFem kg{ cf6\of] . cfh tna yfKg]
lbg lyof] . To;}n] pgL xtkt kmfOnx?
ldnfpg yfn] . To;f] t ;'bz{ghLn]
rfxg] xf] eg] Pp6f gofF sf]6 t l;nfpg
g;Sg] xf]Og . pgsf] lkmh'n vrL{ afgL
h:t} r'/f]6 / a]n'sf /S;L kLpg] afgLn]
ubf{ pgsf] sdfO{sf] s]xL efu To;df
vr{ x'GYof] . pgL tL cfbtx? 5f]8\g
rfxb}g lyP ;fy} pgL Ps OdfGbf/ JolQm
lyP . pgL 3'; vfg dg k/fpFb}g lyP .
pgL tna lng] sf]7fdf k"u]/ ;fOg u/L
k};f ug]/ sf]6sf] vNtLdf xfn] . pgL
o;f] kmls{bf pgsf] k5fl8 /d]zhL peLO{
/x]sf lyP . /d]zhLn] xfF:b} eg] …cfh eg]
of] yf]qf] sf]6n] klg k};fsf] Gofgf] kfpg]
eof] .Ú t/ pgn] /d]zhL lt/ x]b}{ gx]/L
cfk\mgf] af6f] ttfP . af6f]df s]xL k/ k'u]
kl5 cfk\mgf] tntn d]6fpg r'/f]6 lsGg
egL Pp6f k;n cuf8L k'u] / Ps a§f
r"/f]6 dfu] r'/f]6sf] k};f lbg pgn] o;f]
sf]6sf] vlNtdf xft xfn] t/ xftn] k};f
e]6]g . ;'bz{ghLsf] cfË lhl/Ë eP/ cfof] .
pgn] ;a}lt/ 5fd5fd 5'd5'd
u/] . pgsf] sf]6sf] uf]hLdf b"nf] k/]sf]
/x]5, pgnfO{ xf];} ePg . pgsf] cg'xf/
b]vL k;n]n] ;f]w] s] eof] bfO{, k};f
x/fpg' eof] ls Sof xf] < clxn] 5}g eg]
ef]nL lbg'xf];\ g t .Ú pgn] k;n]
nfO{ wGojfb lbO{ cfk"m lx8]sf] af6f]
k]m/L kmls{P t/ x/fPsf] k};f s]
e]l6GYof] . pgn] ;a}lt/ vf]h] . cGTodf
pgL lgGofp/f] d'v lnP/ 3/df k"u] .
3/df pgsL >LdtL vfgf ksfP/
s'/L/x]sL lyOg\ . s]6fs]6Lx?
kl9/x]sf lyP . pgL v'Oo\o ;':s]/f
xfnL cf]5\ofgdf klN6P . pgnfO{ ca
of] dlxgf s] u/L vr{ rnfpg] eg]/ kL/
nfUg yfNof] . ca sf] ;Fu C0f dfUg]
eg]/ ;f]Rg yfn] . ca h];'s} xf];\,
;fyLx? ;Fu} ;xof]u dfUg' k5{ xf]nf .
/S;L r'/f]6df sd vr{ u/L s6fpFb} lbg'
knf{ egL dgdg} ;f]r] . Tolts}df pgsL
>LdtL /fwfn] ;f]lwg\ …x}g cfh tFkfO{nfO{
;Grf] 5}g ls Sof xf] LdtLsf]
s'/f ;'gL pgL p7] clg ;a} j[tfGt
;'gfP . Tof] /ft pgLx?nfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu
lgGb|f klg nfu]g . laxfg eP kl5
cfk\mgf] lbgrof{ ;sL pgL clkm;
uP . cfh pgsf] dlng cg'xf/ b]vL
ZofdhLn] ;f]w], …x}g ;'bz{ghL tFkfO{nfO{
;Grf] 5}g ls Sof xf] < cg'xf/ t dlng
5 gL .Ú ;'bz{ghLn] eg] … dnfO{ clnslt
k};f rflxPsf] lyof], o;f] ;fk6L lbg' g,
d dlxg} lkR5] cln cln ub}{ lt5'{ .Ú
Tolts}df /d]zhL cfO{k'u] . …slt rflxof],
tFkfO{nfO{ d lbG5', kGw| xhf/n] k"U5 eGb}
k};f ug]/ lbP . Tof] b]v]/ ;'bz{ghL 5Ss
k/] . /d]zhLn] xfF:b} eg] …lxhf] tFkfO{n]
k};f lnPs} 7fpFdf emfg'{ eP5, wGg
d}n] b]vL xfn] . Toltv]/} lbpFnf eg]sf]
lyP tFkfO{ lxl8xfNg' eof] . dnfO{ klg
3/ hfg ca]/ eof] , Ps/ftsf] s'/f t
xf]gL egL 3/} uP . 3/df k"u]sf] t ;fnf]
ljb]zaf6 cfPsf] /x]5 / p;n] dnfO{
b'O{ hf]/ sf]6 NofO{ lbPsf] /x]5 . p;Fu
ukmufkm ubf{ub}{ tFkfO{nfO{ kmf]g ug{
klg e';'Ss} la;]{5' clg of] lng'xf];\ .
of] sf]6 tFkfO{nfO{ d]/f] tk{maf6 pkxf/,
d;Fu t tLg rf/ hf]/ 5g\, t/ o;sf]
cfjZostf dnfO{ eGbf a9L tFkfO{nfO{
5 .
csf]{ dlxgf k]m/L tna yfk]/ v;fpg'
gk/f];\ .Ú ;'bz{ghL v'zLn] ubub eP
sxfF pgL C0f dfUg cfO /}y] . pgn]
k};f klg e]§fP / gofF sf]6 klg pkxf/
kfP . pgn] /d]zhLnfO{ wGojfb lbP .
/d]zhLn] eg] …;'bz{ghL dfG5] wgL /
u/La cfk\mg} Jojfxf/n] ubf{ x'G5 .
tFkfO{n] sdfPsf] s]xL k};f r'/f]6
/ /S;Ldf vr{ ug'{sf] ;§f art
ug'{ePsf] eP cfh tFkfO{n] 3/ agfO{
;Sg' x'g] lyof] . cln cln k};f hDdf
ePkl5 g} ;d'Gb| aG5 . To;}n] d]/f] s'/f
dfGg'xf];\ . cfhb]lv g} To:tf] lkmh'n vr{
5f]8L lbg'xf];\ . ;'bz{ghLnfO{ cfh eg]
/d]zhLsf] s'/fdf lrQ a'e\mof] / pgn]
dgdg} r'/f]6 / /S;L 5f]8\g] ;+sNk u/] .
r'6\lsnf
Pp6f nf]eL a'9fsf] 3/df cfuf] nfu]5 .
a"9L M -xtfl/b}_ P a'9f, bdsnnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ l56f] af]nfp g .
a'9f M kv\ g gs/f . clxn] ev{/} d}n] ld;sn lbPsf] 5', pt}
af6 kmf]g cfpnf .
b'Ohgf k"hf/Lx?sf] ljjfb kb}{ lyof] . b'j} hgf cfkm' eujfg\
ePsf] bfaL ub}{ lyP . olQs}df Pp6f h8\ofxf cfOk'Uof] .
klxnf] k'hf/L M d xf] eujfg\ .
bf]>f] k'hf/L M d xf] eujfg\ .
h8\ofxf M x6\ ltdLx? b'a} hgf xf]Og .
eujfg t d xf] .
b"a} k"hf/L M s;/L <
h8\ofxf M d k|dfl0ft u/]/ b]vfOlbG5' . h8\ofxfn]
k"hf/Lx?nfO{ Pp6f el§df nUof] .
el§ ;fx' leq}af6 s/fof], …x] eujfg tF km]l/ cfO;\

pnf{jf/L÷Ao"6L kfn{/
^$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, c;f/
– ;/sf/n] sIff !! / !@ sf] glthf klg n]6/ u|l8ª k|0ffnLaf6 ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ePsf] 5 . l;l6Ole6L cGtu{tsf z}
lIfs sfo{s|dsf]
glthfdf klg
n]6/ u|]l8ª k|0ffnL
nfu' x'g]5 .
–
;+lIfKt ;dfrf/
– klZrd n08gsf] nfl6d/ /f]l:yt @& tn] 6fj/
Ansdf cfuf] nfu]/ lgs} Iflt ePsf] 5 . ;'?df
ejgsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tnfdf rlDsnf] k|sfz
b]lvPsf] lyof] . ;'?df o;nfO{ 6r{ nfO6sf] pHofnf]
7flgPsf] lyof] t/ x]bf{x]b}{ ejgdf cfuf] km}lnPsf] lyof] .
– ;f];n g]6jls{ª ;fO6 km];a'sn] sDKo'6/sf] j]aSofd tyf :df6{kmf]gdf
tfKn]h'ªdf
/x]sf] Sofd]/fsf] dfWodaf6 k|of]ustf{x?sf] uf]Ko Pg;]nsf] Pk
?kdf lgu/fgL ug]{ tyf k|of]ustf{sf] ultljlw /]s8{ k|of]u u/L
ug]{ of]hgf agfO/x]sf] 5 . h; cg';f/ km];a'sn] jfO{ndf rf/
ca k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 k|of]ustf{sf k|ltlqmof tyf c+ssf] Dof;]h
cfPkl5 kmf]g
ub}{ 7uL ug]{ O{Gb|
l;+ lnDa' /
cfgLafgLsf ljifodf hfgsf/L xfl;n ug]{5 / ;f]xL
cfwf/df k|of]ustf{n] s:tf] k|ltlqmof hgfpF5g\ eGg] s'/fn] lgu/fgL ug{ jf
/]s8{ /fVg] sfd pQm k|ljlwn] ug]{5 .
– blIf0f sf]l/ofdf rf/ jif{ !) dlxgf sfo{cjlwsf] le;f ;lsPkl5 sfo{/t sDkgL
d} cfpg kfpg] OlkP; sfdbf/sf] k'gM k|j]z ;Demf}tf ug{
;lsg] ;do ylkPsf] 5 . o:tf sfdbf/n] le;f cjlw
;lsg]eGbf () lbgcl3 g} k'gM k|j]z ;Demf}tf lng ;lsg]
ePsf] 5 . o;cl3 & b]lv #) lbgcl3 dfq k'gM kj]z
;Demf}tf lng ;lsGYof] . %) hgf eGbf sd sf]l/og
df]xg e§/fO{
k|sfp k/]sf 5g\ .
b'O{nfvsf] pkxf/
k/]sf] / pkxf/
afktsf] tL; xhf/
?k}ofF s/ tTs-
ug]{ tof/L cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . To;sf nflu ljleGg
/fHox?df !@ s[ifsnfO{ sfg'gL ?kdf ufFhfv]tLsf]
cg'dlt ;d]t ;/sf/n] lbPsf] 5 . ufFhfnfO{ SofG;/
nufot /f]usf] pkrf/sf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfpg'kg]{ dfu
klxNo} b]lv x'Fb} cfPsf] lyof] .
– sf]nlDaofdf 8+'uf 8'Abf sDtLdf ( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] @* hgf x/fO/x]sf
5g\ . pQ/ klzrd sf]nlDaofdf !%) ofq' ;jf/ 8+'uf
8'a]sf] clwsf/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . ko{6sLo gu/L df]
Ujf6fk] glhs} /x]sf] s[lqd hnfzo 8'+uf 8'a]sf] lyof] .
– ;femf oftfoftn] Ho]i7 gful/s / ckfª\unfO{ lgz'Ns
;]jf lbg] ePsf] 5 . ca Ho]i7 gful/ssf ;fy} s /
v au{sf ckfª\un] ;femfsf h'g;'s} a; r9\bf klg
ef8f ltg'{kg]{ 5}g . clxn] ;femf oftfoftsf a;x?
pkTosf aflx/ klg hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . pkTosf aflx/
klg ;femfn] Ho]i7 gful/s / ckfªunfO{ lgz'Ns
;]jf lbg]5 . ;fy} ca ;femfsf ;a} uf8Ldf :df6{
sf8{af6} ef8f ltg{ ;lsg] 5 .
– gflosf gLzf clwsf/L / ls|s]6/ z/b e]ifjfs/ j}jflxs hLjgdf aflwPsf 5g\ . f n
k7fpg' elg :yfl-
s]xL jif{ nfdf] k|]d ;DaGwkl5 oL b'O{ j}jflxs hLjgdf go
cfO{PdO{af6 hgxL
sfdbf/ ePsf] sDkgLdf kl/jt{g gu/]sf sfdbf/n] ;f] ;'ljwf kfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
afFlwPsf x'g\ .
tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF /
– ;fpbL c/asf /fhfn] cfkm\gf] pQ/flwsf/Ldf df]xDdb ljg ;Ndfg cn sd 7uL u/]sf x'g\
– gjf}+ 5fFof5lj l8 l;g] cjf8{ cGtu{t o; jif{sf] 5fofF5lj
.
– ;fpbnfO{ lgo'Qm u/]sf 5g\ . pgL ;fpbLsf dfgj a]rlavgdf nfOkm6fOd lnh]G8«L cjf8{ @)&$
k/L
/fhf ;Ndfg ljg cAb'NnfhLhsf 5f]/f x'g\ . /fhf ljb]zdf cnkq
af6 ;+uLtsf/ tyf ufos zDe'hLt
k/]
;Ndfgn] o;cl3 pQ/flwsf/L /x]sf df]xDdb sf JolQmn-
af:sf]6fnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
fO{
ljg gfos ljg cAb'NnfxhLhnfO{ x6fpFb} cfkm\gf] p4f/ ug]{ rf/ bzs eGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+uLt >[hgfdf nfu]/
5f]/fnfO{ pQ/flwsf/Ldf lgo'Qm u/]sf] ;fpbLsf]
p4]Zon] dxfgu/Lo rnlrq ;lxt ;a} k|sf/sf g]kfnL ;+uLtsf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{g
ck/fw dxfzfvf
;/sf/L ldl8of ;fpbL k|]; Ph]G;Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
/ ljsf;df of]ubfg k'of{Psf] ;+uLtsf/ af:sf]6fnfO{ ;Ddflgt ug{ nfluPsf]
6] s'n] x6nfO{g
;] – lnu km'6ansf] cGof}ntfaLr ahfh kN;/ df]6/;fOsnn] lqe'jg cfdL{ jf ;'? u/]sf] 5 .
cfof]hs ;+:yfn] hgfPsf] 5 .
g]
SnanfO{ # jif{sf nflu k|fof]hg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
kfn b"/;~rf/ – u}/sfg'gL cfk|jf;Llj?4 dn]l;ofn] ;'? u/]sf] b]zJofkL w/ks8 cleofg cGtu{t
x+z/fh x'nf;rGb P08 sDkgL k|flnsf] ahfhn]
a;]{lg @% nfvsf b/n] cfdL{ k'?if / dlxnf
sDkgL;Fusf]
;xsfo{df
@$ 306f otf ! xhf/ #% hgf k|s|fp k/]sf 5g\ . tL dWo]
!)$ hgf g]kfnL 5g\ .
k'm6an 6f]nLnfO{ v]ns'b ;fdfu|L pknAw
dxfzfvfn]
– ;f];n g]6jls{ª sDkgL km];a'sn] cfkm\gf] ljZjsf b'O{
u/fpg] 5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ cfdL{ Snasf] dlxnf
dfgj a]rlavg
cj{eGbf w]/} k|of]ustf{nfO{ cfOcf]
tyf pQm sfo{sf]
/ k'?if km'6an 6f]nLsf] h;L{ / 6«ofs;'6df kN;/ n]lvPsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
P; tyf PG8«f]O8 k|of]ustf{sf nflu Find Wifi lkmr/
cg';Gwfgdf
– c:6«]lnofsf cWofudgdGqL lk6/ 8'§f]gn] ;f] b]zsf] gful/stfsf nflu
pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] xf] . km];a'sn] k/LIf0fsf] ?kdf
;xhtf Nofpg
ljZjljBofn :t/sf] c+u|]hL jfWofTds agfpg nfluPsf] !!&& g+ sf] cl3Nnf] jif{ of] lkmr/ ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . s]xL b]zsf PKkn
eGg] n]j/ kf6L{sf] bfjLnfO{ k|fof]lht xNnfsf] ;+1f lbPsf x6nfO{g 6]lnkmf] k|of]ustf{n] dfq of] lkmr/ pkof]u ug{ kfO/x]sf lyP . of] lkmr/n] k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ g
5g\ . n]j/ kf6L{n] ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] NofPsf] c:6«]lnog j;~rfngdf cfkm" cf;kf;sf] jfOkmfO x6:k6 klxrfg ug{df ;xof]u ub{5 .
gful/stf ;DaGwL k|fjwfgdf kl/jt{gsf] vfsfnfO{ NofPsf] xf] . – ljZj laVoft km'6an/ lnof]gn d];Ln] cGttM lajfx u/]sf 5g\, pgn] afNosfnsL
–
c:jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
cfufdL kmfu'g b] ;fyL PGtf]g]nf /f]s'hf];Fu ljjfx u/]sf 5g\ . #) jifL{o lv
bfªsf] 3f]/fxLdf x'g]
…
– cGo d'n'sdf em}F c:6«]lnofdf klg ufFhf nfu"kbfy{sf] ?kdf k|ltalGwt 5 t/
bfª Jofkfl/s tyf
clxn] ToxL ufFhfaf6 c:6«]lnofn] SofG;/sf] pkrf/sf nflu cf}iflw lgdf{0f ko{6g dxf]T;j Pj+
ch{]lG6gL km'6an/ d];Ln] cfkm"eGbf Ps jif{ sfG5L PGtf]g]
nf ;Fu lajfx u/]sf x'g\ . nfdf] ;do Ps;fy a:b} cfPsf
pgLx?sf] b'O{ 5f]/f 5g\ .
pnf{jf/L÷Ao"6L kfn{/±6]n;{
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . ^%

llsrg l6K;
pnf{jf/L÷6]n;{±Hj]n;{
O{hL
s'ls·
a];g / kgL/sf] /f]6L
;fdfu|LM
a];g – @)) u|fd
kgL/ – &% u|fd
Kofh – @ j6f dl;gf] sf6]sf]
n;'g – ^, & j6f dl;gf] sf6]sf]
xl/of] vf];f{gL – $ j6f dl;gf] sf6]sf]
xl/of] wlgofF – dl;gf] sf6]sf]
-clnslt_
cb'jf – ! ;fgf] lrof rDrf
w'nf] vf];f{gL – ! lrof rDrf
;f}+km – ! lrof rDrf
kgL/sf] vL/
;fdfu|L
ls|d o'Qm b"w – ! nL6/
Hjfgf] – ! lrof rDrf
t]n, g'g cflb .
ljlwM–
– ;j{k|yd kgL/nfO{ dl;gf] kf/L
ldRg'xf];\ . To;kl5 a];g 5fg]/ To;df
;a} ;fdfu|L ld;fpg'xf];\ .
– ca ld>0fdf cln cln kfgL
ld;fpb} g afSnf] g kftnf]
3f]n agfpg'xf];\ . 3f]n /fd|f] ;Fu
lkm6]/ !% ldg]6 5f]k]/ /fVg'xf];\ .
kgL/ – !)) u|fd -ldr]sf]_
lrgL – @)) u|fd
s:68{ kfp8/ – ! ;fgf] rDrf
abfd – $, % j6f dl;gf]
sf6]sf] lk:tf
– $, % j6f
dl;gf] sf6]sf]
;'s'd]n – @, #
j6f cflb .
ljlw
– kgL/sf] vL/
agfpg ;a}
eGbf klxnf
afSnf] ef8fdf
– To;kl5 gg :6Ls tfjf ttfP/
clncln t]n xfnL tfltP kl5 cfFr
sd ug'{xf];\ .
– ca tfjfdf 3f]n xfn]/
lkm+hfpg'xf];\ . Psfk§L ;'gf}nf] eP
kl5 csf]{ kl§ kmsf{pg'xf];\ . b'j} lt/
kfs] kl5 :jflbnf] /f]6L tof/ eof] .
o;nfO{ uf]ne]8fsf] r6gL ;Fu ;j{
ug'{xf];\ .
b"w pdfNg'xf];\ . b"w pDnLb} ubf{
cfwf sk lr;f] kfgLdf s:68{ kfp8/
3f]Ng'xf];\ / b"wdf ld;fpg'xf];\ .
– b"w Ps k6s dHhfn] rnfP kl5
lrgL xfNg'xf];\ . To;kl5 To;df
kgL/ ld;fO{ rnfpb} ksfpg'xf];\ . b"w
ha uf9f x'G5, Uof; aGb ug'{xf];\ .
– ca b"wsf] ef8f lgsfnL lr;f]
x'g lbg'xf];\ . lr;f] x'g] s|ddf klg k6s
k6s rnfO{ /xg'xf];\ . To;kl5 dflyaf6
sf6]sf] 8«fO{ km'6 5ls{g'xf];\ / lk|mhdf
lr;f] kfg'{xf];\ . o;/L kgL/sf] vL/
tof/ eof] .
^^ . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
bxL rfF8f] hdfpgsf nflu b"w dgtftf]
agfpg'xf];\ . To;df Ps ;fgf] rDrf
bxL ld;fO{ lasf]{n] 5f]Kg'xf];\ . ca To;
ef8fnfO{ k|]z/ s's/df /fv]/ To;sf]
lasf]{ nufpg'xf];\ . bxL rfF8} hDg]5 . of]
pkfo ckgfpFbf hf8f] tyf jif{fdf klg
bxL hDg]5 .
tfhf wlgofsf] kft ahf/af6
Nofpgf;fy To;sf] h/f sf6]/ k|mLhdf /
fVg'xf];\ wlgofsf] kft !% lbg ;Dd tfhf
/lx /xg]5 .
dudu af:gf cfpg] eft ksfpgsf
nflu eft ksfpFbf To;df Pp6f ;fgf]
6'qmf bfnrLgL xfNg'xf];\ .
t/sf/Lsf] u|]jL agfpg' 5 eg] To;df
tftf] kfgL xfNg'
k5{ . o;af6 :jfb klg a9\g]5 .
olb cb'jf, n;"g cflbsf] k]:6
ldS;r/df lk;]/ w]/} lbgsf nflu /fVg' 5
eg] To;df Ps lrof rDrf tftf]
t]n / clnslt g"g ld;fpFbf w]/} lbg
;Dd lalu|b}g .
w]/} s8f /+usf] lrof dg gk/]df kft
o'Qm lrofktL
k|of]u ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . b'w / rLgLsf] dfqf
cfk\mgf] :jfb cg';f/ xfnL k"gM Psk6s
pdfNg' k5{ .
k"/fgf] cfn'sf] :jfb a9fpg o;nfO{
pl;Gbf clnslt sfutLsf] /; / clnslt
rLgL xfNg'k5{ . o;af6 cfn'sf]
t/sf/L :jflbnf] aGg]5 .
sfutL / ;'Gtnfsf] af]qmf ;'sfO{
To;sf] kfp8/ kfgLdf xfnL s'Nnf ubf{
d'v ;kmf x'G5 .
s6x/sf] u]8f p;Lg]/ To;sf] t/
sf/L jf a];g df]n]/ ksf}8f agfO{ vfbf
:jflbi6 x'G5 . o;n] kvfnf nfu]sf]
x6fpF5 / lkzfa /f]lsg] ;d:of eufpF5 .
vfg]s'/fdf d;fnfsf] ;xL :jfbsf
nflu To;nfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu ;fgf] cfFrdf e'6L
lk:g'k5{ .
lrof ksfO{ ;s]sf] lrofktL u'nfasf]
af]6sf] k]mbdf xfNbf o;n] dnsf] sfd
u5{ .
sfutLsf] af]qmfdf clnslt ;f]8f
ld;fO{ tfdfsf] ef8f ;kmf ubf{ 6nSs
6lNsG5 .
b"wsf] v'jf agfpFbf 7"nf] cfFrdf ksfpFbf
v'jfsf] /+u
;]tf] x'G5 .
slxNo} klg Kofh / n;'g k|mLhdf /
fVg' x'Fb}g .
Uof;sf] nfO6/n] sfd gu/]df To;df
d]zLgdf xfNg] t]n xfNg'k5{ . s]xL ;do
kl5 k]m/L sfd ug]{5 .
k"/L ksfpg kL7f] d'5\bf To;df
clnslt a];g ld;fpFbf k"/L s'?d s'?d
x'g]5 .
s:68{ agfpFbf To;df rLgL ;Fu} dx
klg ld;fpFbf cem :jflbi6 x'g]5 .
vL/ ksfpFbf b"w kftnf] jf yf]/} ePdf
rfdn lk;]/ xfNbf uf9f x'g]5 .
b"w ttfO{ To;df Pp6f xl/of] vf];f{gL
kvfn]/ xfnL tftf] 7fpFdf /fVg'k5{ . /ft
e/Ldf bxL /fd|f] ;Fu hDg]5 .
xl/of] s]/fpsf] bfgfsf] :j?k
t/sf/Ldf h:tfsf] t:t} /fVg To;nfO{
kfgLdf Ps rDrf rLgL xfnL pl;Gg' k5{
/ kfgL ;lxt u|]jLdf xfNg' k5{ .
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . ^&

pnf{af/L÷Hj]n;{
b]zx?
– k"jL{ a+unfb]zsf] kxf8L If]q
dl;nx6df ljleGg o:tf snfs[ltx?
5Gf\ , h'g o"/f]kdf kfOg] snfs[ltx?
;Fu d]n vfG5g\ .
– a+unfb]zsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] ;x/
Dx:yu9 xf] .
– oxfF ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] gbL 8]N6f
/ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] d+u|f]j jg
5 .
– oxfFsf] sf]s; ahf/ ljZjdf ;a}eGbf
nfdf] c6'6 ;d'G›L t6 xf] .
– a+Unfb]zdf ljZjs} ;a}eGbf dlnnf]
hUuf 5, hxfF v]tL x'G5 .
– 9fsf a+unfb]zsf] /fhwfgL x'g'sf
;fy} oxfFsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;x/ klg
xf] . o; ;x/sf] hg;+Vof !=% s/f]8
/x]sf] 5, h'g ljZjsf ;a}eGbf 7'nf
;x/x?sf] >]0fLdf cfp5 . o;
;x/nfO{ d:hLbx?sf] ;x/ klg
elgG5 .
– oxfFsf] d'›fnfO{ 6sf elgG5 .
– /f]on a+ufn 6fOu/ oxfFsf] /fi6«Lo
kz' xf] .
– oxfF lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu 9'+ufsf] sdL
5 . To;}n] oxfF O{6f e§fx?sf]
laulauL 5 .
– a+unfb]zsf #) k|ltzt eGbf a9L
hg;+Vof ul/aLsf] /]vf d'lg hLjg
latfp5g\ . t/ kl5Nnf s]xL jif{x?df
km}lnbf] cy{Joj:yf ;Fu} hLjg :t/df
klg s]xL kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .
– sa•L oxfFsf] /fi6«Lo v]n xf] .
– a+unfb]zsf] /fi6« ufg ef/tsf
/ljG›gy 6}uf]/n] n]v]sf x'g\ .
– oxfFsf dflg;x? lgs} sd
d':s'/fp5g\ lsgls oxfF a9L xf:g'
arkgf dflgG5 .
– oxfFsf] /fi6«Lo km'n ;]tf] lnnL xf],
h;nfO{ ;kmnf elgG5 .
– a+unfb]z Pp6f ljsf;zLn b]z xf] .
oxfFsf] k|ltJolQm cfo nueu *)
xhf/ k|lt jif{ /x]sf] 5 .
pnf{af/L÷xf]6n±js{;k
a+unfb]zsf] cflwsf/Ls gfd
People's Republic of Bangladesh
xf] . a+Ufnfb]z zAbsf] cy{
:yflgo efiffdf a+ufnLx?sf] b]z
eGg] x'G5 . hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
a+unfb]z ljZjsf] cf7f} :yfgdf 5,
oxfFsf] hg;+Vof !^ s/f]8 eGbf a9L 5 .
o; b]zsf] pQ/, k"j{ / klZrddf ef/t,
blIf0fk"j{df DofGdf/ / blIf0fdf a+ufnsf]
vf8L /x]sf] 5 . a+Ufnfb]z ;g\ !(&! df
ef/tsf] ;xof]un] kfls:tfgaf6 :jtGq
ePsf] lyof] . o; b]zsf af/]df ljleGg
/f]rs tYox? o;k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .
– a+unfb]zsf] cb\e't ef}uf]lns l:yltsf
sf/0f oxfF dg;'gsf a]nf k|foM af9L
tyf cfFwL cfpg] u5{ . k'/} b]zsf] e"–efu
;dtn ePsf sf/0f tyf u+uf–a|Dxk'q
gbLsf] 8]N6f ePsf sf/0f oxfF kfgL
k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 .
– a+unfb]zsf] cfwf eGbf a9L hg;+Vof
v]tL ls;fgL u5{g\ .
– ls;fg k|wfg b]z ePtf klg ufd]{G6
pBf]u oxfFsf] cfosf] d'Vo ;|f]t xf] .
– a+unfb]zdf @))) eGbf a9L
kqklqsfx? tyf ;dfrf/kq k|sfl;t
x'G5g\ hals oxfF kf7sx?sf] ;+Vof
eg] hDdf hg;+Vofsf] !% k|ltzt
dfq 5 .
– a+unfb]znfO{ slxn]sfxL df};dx?sf]
d}bfg klg elgG5 lsgls oxfF rf/
xf]Og ^ j6f a]Unf a]Un} Ct'x? kfOG5 .
– oxfFsf] cflwsf/Ls efiff a+ufnL xf] /
oxfF c+u|]hL klg af]lnG5 .
– a+unfb]zsf] k|d'v wd{ O:nfd xf] /
oxfF **=# k|ltzt dflg;x? O:nfd
wd{ dfG5g\ . o; afx]s oxfF yf]/}
dfqfdf lxGb', af}4 tyf O{;fO{
wdf{jnDaLx? klg /x]sf 5g\ .
k|]/s syf
3fd5fof“
Psk6s Pp6f /fHodf lgs} b"/bzL{ dxfTdf cfP . dxfTdf lgs} 1fgL
lyP . pgsf] k|lz4L ;'gL To; b]zsf /fhfn] pgnfO{ vfgf vfg lgDtf] lbP . /fhfn]
dxfTdfsf] lgs} cfb/ ;Tsf/ u/] . vfgf vfO{ ;s] kl5 /fhfn] dxfTdf ;Fu cfk"mnfO{
s]xL 1fgsf s'/f ;'gfpg eg] . Tof] ;'gL dxfTdfn] /fhfnfO{ b'O{ j6f sfuhsf] krf{ lbP
/ eg] klxnf] krf{ To;a]nf vf]Ng', ha ltdL c;fWo} v'zL x'g]5f} / bf];|f] krf{ To;a]
nf vf]Ng' ha ltdL c;fWo} b'MvL x'g]5f} .Ú /fhfsf] s'g} ;Gtfg lyPgg\ . To;}n] pgL
;Gtfgsf nflu lrlGtt /xGy] . Pslbg pgsf] 5f]/fsf] hGd eof] . /fhf To; lbg lgs}
v'zL eP . pgn] dxfTdfn] lbPsf] krf{ vf]n] .
To;df n]lvPsf] lyof] …of] lbg ;Fw} o:t} /xg] 5}g .Ú s]xL ;do kl5 zq' /fhfn]
To; /fHodf cfqmd0f u/] / /fhfsf] ;a} yf]s vf]l;of] . To; lbg /fhf cGoGt} b'MvL
lyP . /fhfn] dxfTdfsf] bf];|f] krf{ vf]n]/ x]/] . To;df n]lvPsf] lyof] …o:tf] klg ;Fw}
/xg]5}g .Ú /fhfn] dxfTdfsf] s'/f a'em] ;'v / b'Mv eg]sf] 3fd5fofF h:t} xf] . /fhfnfO{
s'g} ;do ;'v lyof] eg] cfh b'Mv lyof] . pgnfO{ ef]nL k]ml/ ;'vsf] lbg kmls{g]5 eg]
k"0f{ ljZjf; eof] . pgL k"gM cfk\mgf] /fHo lkmtf{ kfpg nflu k/] .
^*. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . ^(

pnf{af/L
;sf/fTds 1fgd~r
– j}1flgsx?sf cg';f/ xfdL xfd|f] lbdfusf] @ k|ltzt dfq k|of]u ug]{ u5f}{ . afFsL
(* k|ltzt xfd|f] d[To' ;Fu} a]sf/ hfG5 .
– uf]xLn] vfg]s'/f vfFbf cfF;' aufpF5 .
– ;d'›L 3f]8fsf] cfFvf o:tf] x'G5 ls o;n] Ps} ;dodf b'O{ lbzfdf cfkm\gf] b[li6
s]lG›t ug{ ;S5 .
– nueu ^)) j6f ;d'›L hLjn] cfkm\gf] z/L/af6 k|sfz pTkGg u5{g\ .
– Jx]n df5f !* ld6/ ;Dd nfdf] x'G5 .
– s6/ lkmzsf] z/L/df # j6f d'6' x'G5 .
– s+uf? !) lkm6 dfly ;Dd plk|mg ;S5 .
– olb uf]N8lkmznfO{ nfdf] ;do ;Dd cFWof/f] sf]7fdf /flvof] eg] ;]tf] /Ësf] x'G5 .
– lxdfnL ofssf] b"w u'nfaL /Ësf] x'G5 .
– df}/Ln] ! ln6/ dx pTkfbg ug{ $) nfv k"mnsf] /; r':g' k5{ .
– On]S6«Ls On df5fsf] /Ë hf8f]df ;]tf] x'G5 .
– Pp6f Jx]nn] lbgxF' # 6g ;Dd vfgf vfG5 . t/ crDdsf] s'/f s] 5 eg] of] ^
dlxgf ;Dd gvfOsg klg a:g ;S5 .
– H'fsfn] s'g} hgfj/sf] /ut @) ldg]6 ;Dd r':g kfpFbf o;sf] z/L/ % u'0ff a9]/
hfG5 . To;kl5 o;n] ! jif{;Dd vfg] cfjZostf kb}{g .
– kfOyg olt ljzfn clh+u/ xf] ls o;n] () lsnf]sf] efn'nfO{ klg lgNg ;S5 .
– xfd|f] dl:tisn] !) xhf/ uGwx? :d/0fdf /fVg ;S5 tyf lrGg ;S5 .
– xfd|f] d[uf}nfn] lbgx'F !@) ldnL ln6/ /ut 5fG5 . lbgel/df xfd|f] z/L/sf] ;a}
/ut #) k6s ;Dd 5fg]/ ;kmf ul/G5 .
– xfd|f] b]a|] kmf]S;f] bflxg] kmf]S;f] eGbf 5f]6f] x'G5 .
– olb a/kmnfO{ Pdf]lgof dfly /flvof] eg] klUnb}g .
– lnof]gfbf]{ bf leG;LnfO{ b; j6f k|ltef ePsf] dxfk'?if elgG5 . pgL Pp6f
lrqsf/, cfljisf/s, afF;'/Ljfbs, OlGhlgo/, j}1flgs, l8hfOg/, cfls{6]S6 /
d"lt{sf/ lyP .
– ;a}eGbf xn'sf Uof; xfO8«f]hg , ;a} eGbf ef/L wft' cf]l:dod, ;a} eGbf xn'sf
wft' lnlyod / ;a} eGbf 7f]; kbfy{ lx/f xf] .
– s]xL la?jfx? gfO6«f]hg k|fKt ug{sf nflu df;' klg vfG5g\ . o:tf la?jfx?
leg; ˆnfO{ 6«ofk, lkr/ KnfG6 cflb x'g\ .
– ;"o{d'vLsf] km'n hlxNo} klg ;"o{ lt/ lgx'l/G5 .
– Rofp ;ft lbg d} k"0f{ ljsl;t x'G5 .
– ljZjdf cfFksf] !))) j6f lsl;d pTkfbg ul/G5 .
– cfh ;+;f/df *)) eGbf a9L k|sf/sf u'nfa ljsl;t u/L ;lsPsf] 5 .
– d}gfn] $) cGo r/fx?sf] af]nLsf] gSsn ug{ ;S5 .
– ;'Fufn] dfq cfˆgf] dflysf] / tnsf] b'j} r'Rrf] xNnfpg ;S5 .
– xfF;sf] z/L/df nueu @%))) eGbf a9L KjfFv x'G5 .
– xfd|f] ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] df+;k]zL sfg xf] . o;sf] nDafO{ ! ld=dL= eGbf clnslt
a9L 5 .
– xfd|f] z/L/df lt3|fsf] x•L ;a}eGbf alnof] x'G5 .
elgG5, nueu cf7 xhf/ jif{
b]lv g} dx xfd|f] vfgkfgsf] cË /xb}
cfPsf] 5 . s'g} klg dxdf kfgLsf]
efu hlt sd x'G5, Tof] dx Tolt g}
/fd|f] dflgG5 . %)) u|fd dx agfpgsf
nflu df}/Ln] k[YjLsf] # rSs/ 3'Dg]
hltsf] ofqf k'/f u5{ . z'4 dx o:tf]
vfBkbfy{ xf], h'g nfdf] ;do ;Dd
klg lalu|b}g . dxdf kfgLsf] efu sd
ePsfn] ;g\ @))& df klxnf] k6s
x]Ny Sofg8f / o"P; km"8 PG8 8«u
Pl8\dlg:6«];gn] dxnfO{ 3fp tyf
kf]n]sf] pkrf/df k|of]u ug]{ dfGotf
lbPsf] 5 . dx :jf:Yo tyf ;f}Gbo{sf
nflu kmfObfhgs 5 eGg] s'/f klg
tkfO{nfO{ yfxf g} xf]nf . t/ klg o;sf]
kmfObfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f o;k|sf/ 5 .
– dx Pp6f /fd|f] PG6L cS;L8]G6 xf],
o;n] a9\bf] pd]/sf] nIf0fnfO{ sd \
u5{ .
dxsf] cb\e't
pkof]lutf
– df}/Lsf] rfsfaf6 agfOg] df]dn]
jftfj/0f z'4 u5{ . o;n] /fd|f] ;'uGw,
sd w'jfF / pHofnf] lbG5 .
– dxn] :d/0fzlQmdf j[l4 ug'{sf ;fy}
sdhf]/ k|0ffnLnfO{ b'?:t agfp5 .
– dxdf SoflNzod, cfO;, DofUg]l;od,
km:kmf]/;, kf]6flzod, ;f]l8od /
lhGs h:tf vfBkbfy{ kfOG5 .
– lgoldt ¿kdf dx ;]jg ubf{ alnof]
x'g'sf ;fy} z/L/ ;'Gb/ / km"lt{nf] klg
agfp5 .
– dg'sf dx ;+;f/sf] ;a} eGbf
/fd|f] dx dflgG5 lsgls o;df
ljz]if PG6L AofS6]l/on u'0f kfOG5 . of]
dx c:6«]lnof / Go"hLNof08df kfOG5 .
– dx Pp6f xfOk/:df]6Ls Ph]G6
ePsfn] of] 3fpdf nufpbf o;n]
3fpsf] kfgL ;'sfO{ lbG5 / To;
:yfgaf6 AofS6]l/of gi6 u/L rf8}
3fp el/G5 . t/ 3fpdf dx nufpbf
bds÷Ao"6L kfn{/
&) . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . &!

ds÷km]G;L±6]n;{
?jfdf bn]/ nufO{ AofG8]h ug'{k5{ .
– 6fOkmfO8 jf lgdf]lgof x'Fbf dx ;]jg
ubf{ sn]hf] / cfG›fsf] sfo{Ifdtfdf
j[l4 u5{ .
– lkzfadf OGkm]S;g x'Fbf bfnlrgLsf]
w'nf] / dx dgtftf] kfgLdf xfn]/
lkpbf cf/fd ldN5 .
– ;SsnL dx df}/Lsf kv]6fdf
6fl;b}g . hals gSsnL dx 6fl;G5 .
– cfo'j]{bsf cg';f/ lgdsf] af]6af6
kfOg] df}/Lsf] dx cfFvfsf nflu,
hd'gfsf] af]6af6 kfOg] dx dw'd]xsf
nflu / ;lhpgsf] af]6af6 kfOg] dx
Åbo / /Qmrfkdf nfebfos x'G5 .
– ! s]hL dxdf %%)) s]nf]/L pmhf{ x'G5 .
– ;f; uGxfpg] ;d:ofaf6 5'6\sf/f
kfpg dgtftf] kfgLdf dx / bfnlrgL
ld;fO{ s'Nnf ug'{xf];\ .
– Zf'4 dx cfFvfdf nufpbf kf]N5 t/
RofkRofk x'Fb}g . o;n] cfFvfsf]
Hof]lt a9fp5 .
– 808Lkmf]/sf] ;d:ofdf /flt ;'Tg' cl3
bfnlrgLsf] w'nf] / dx ld;fP/ nufO{
laxfg kvfNg'xf];\ . o;af6
808Lkmf]/sf] bfu klg hfG5 .
– dx Pp6f /fd|f] ;g:qmLg /
df]OZr/fOh/ klg xf] .
– dxn] 5ftL kf]n]sf]df , jfGtf
cfpFbf cf/fd lbG5 lsgls o;n]
k]6df xfO8«f]Snf]l/s Pl;8 aGg]
k|lqmofnfO{ ;':t agfp5 .
– skfn l;NsL agfpgsf nflu dx
/ h}t'gsf] t]n ld;fO{ skfndf nufO{
6fj]nn] 5f]Kg' xf];\ / @) ldg]6 kl5
g'xfpg'xf];\ .
– Ps rDrf n;'gsf] /; / dx ld;fO{
lbgdf b'O{ k6s laxfg a]n'sf ;]jg
ubf{ An8 k|]z/ lgolGqt x'G5 .
hLjgL
hh{ jflz+u6gnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sfsf] klxnf] /fi6«kltsf] ¿kdf
lrlgG5 . pgnfO{ cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«lktf
klg elgG5 . cfh klg cd]l/sfdf pgsf]
gfdsf] l;Ssf rN5 . jflz+u6gsf] hGd
;g\ !&#@ df ePsf] lyof] . pgsf
lktf cf}u:6fOg jfl;ª\6g / cfdf d]/L
an jfl;ª\6g :yfgLo ljZjljBfnodf
lzIfs lyP . jflz+u6gn] l9n} dfq
ljBfnodf k|j]z u/]sf lyP . pgnfO{
cd]l/sfsf klxnf] /fi6«klt eGbf klg
dxfg\ ;]gfgLsf ¿kdf a9L :d/0f
ul/G5 .
jflz+u6gn] ;g\ !&$( df
e"–dfkgsf] sfd ;'? u/] . To;kl5 pgL
;]gfdf uP . ToxfF pgn] rr{,
sfpG6L tyf ;]gfsf ljleGg kbx?df /xL
cfkm\gf] of]Uotf k|bz{g u/] . ;g\ !&%@
df d]h/ algP kl5 pgsf] ;}lgs hLjg
cem ultzLn aGg k'Uof] . ;g\ !&&$
sf] P]ltxfl;s lkmnf8]lNkmof ;Dd]ngdf
pgn] elh{lgofsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf lyP .
cd]l/sL ;]gfktLsf] ¿kdf gf} jif]{ o'4df
pgn] la|l6; ;]gfnfO{ cfR5' cfR5' agfPsf
lyP . pgs} sf/0f a]nfotn] ;+o'Qm
/fHonfO{ :jtGq ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . ;g\
!&*( df pgnfO{ cd]l/sfsf] klxnf]
/fi6«klt r'lgof] .
hh{ jfl;ª\6g cd]l/sfsf ;a}
eGbf wgL /fi6«klt klg lyP . pgsf] s"n
bds÷6]n;{±u[n
&@ . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . &#

ds÷xf]6n
;DktL cfhsf] 8n/ cg';f/ x]g]{ xf] eg]
nueu %@% ldlnog 8n/ lyof] . pgL;Fu
%) xhf/ lj3f eGbf a9L hUuf lyof] .
ha pgL /fi6«klt eP To; a]nf s"n
ah]6sf] b'O{ k|ltzt pgsf] tna lyof] .
x'g t pgsf] hGd ;fwf/0f
kl/jf/df ePsf] lyof] . ha ha ;do
laTb} uof], pgsf] ;DktLdf klg j[l4
x'Fb} uof] . ha hh{ !! jif{sf lyP,
pgsf] a'afsf] d[To' eof] / pgn] klxnf]
u'nfd ;DktLsf] ¿kdf kfP . To;kl5
pgsf] kfngkf]if0f pgsf ;f}t]gL bfh'
n/]G;n] u/] . n/]G;n] pgnfO{ plrt lzIff
lbP . ha hh{ @) jif{sf eP pgsf
bfh'sf] d[To' eof] . o; ;Fu} hh{
elh{lgofdf l:yt bfh'sf] ;DktLsf]
jf/]; ag] . pgn] v]tLsf] sfdnfO{ klg
hf/L /fvL cf7 xhf/ la3f hldg hf]8] .
;g\ !&%( df pgn] dfyf{ 8]+8l/h;Fu
lax] u/] . o; lax]kl5 pgn] dfyf{sf
b'O{ ;Gtfg ;Fu} cyfx ;DktL klg kfP .
o;/L pgsf] ;DktLdf lj:tf/ x'Fb} g}
uof] . ;g\ !&*( df /fi6«klt ePsf
hh{n] l/6fo8{ eP kl5 lXj:sL
agfpg] l8l:6n/L vf]n], h'g rf8} g}
cd]l/sfsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] l8:6Ln/L
aGg k'Uof] . ;g\ !&(( df pgsf] lgwg
x'Fbf l8:6Ln/Ln] x/]s jif{ $@ xhf/
ln6/ lXj:sL a]lr/x]sf] lyof] .
cfO6L
bds÷xf]6n+js{zk
r'6\lsnf
dfUg] M xh'/ dnfO{ ?= @) lbg'xf];\ g
skmL lkpg dg nfUof] Sof .
JolQm M lsg @) ?k}of < slkm t ?= !)
d} cfO{ xfN5 lg .
dfUg] M ;fxa d]/f] un{k|m\G8nfO{ klg t
v'jfpg' k¥of] lg .
JolQm M dfUg] eP/ klg un{k|m]G8 lsg
agfPsf] t <
dfUg] M xf]Og ;fxa, ToxL un{k|m]G8n] t
dfUg] agfPsf] lg .
;f;' -a'xf/L;Fu l/;fpb}_ eujfg\n] tFnfO{
@ j6f cfFvf lbPsf 5g\ x]g{sf nflu t/
rfdnsf] #, $ j6f 9'+uf] klg s]nfpg
;lsg;\ .
a'xf/L M eujfg\n] tkfO{nfO{ klg t #@
j6f bfFt lbPsf 5g\ rkfpgsf nflu .
Tolt hfaf] @ j6f 9'+uf rkfP/ vfg ;Sg'
ePg <
kTgL M tkfO{ ;fx}{ df]6f] x'g' eof] .
klt M ltdL klg t df]6L eof} lg .
kTgL M d t cfdf aGg] jfnf 5' lg t .
klt M d klg t a'jf aGg] jfnf 5' lg .
la/fdL M 8fS6/ ;fa, dnfO{ e'Ng] ladf/L
5 .
8fS6/ M slxn] b]lv of] la/fdL nfUof] <
la/fdL M s'g ladf/L

ds÷js{zk
Pp6f :Sofg/sf] ¿kdf klg k|of]u ug{
;Sg'x'G5 . dfgf} tkfO{n] s'g} 8s'd]G6
:Sofg ug'{kg]{5 / Tof] tkfO{ st} cknf]8
ug{ jf st} k7fpg rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{n]
k7fPsf] 8s'd]G6nfO{ cfsif{s agfpg
Kn] :6f]/af6 Evernote 8fpgnf]8
u/L To;df 8s'd]G6sf] kmf]6f] :Sofg ug{
;Sg'x'G5 / To;nfO{ cfˆgf] lx;fan] qmk
ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .
CCTV Sofd]/fsf]
¿kdf k|of]u
tkfO{n] df]afOn ;]So'l/6L
Sofd]/fsf] ¿kdf klg k|of]u ug{ ;Sg'
x'g]5 . o;sf nflu tkfO{;Fu s'g} k'/fgf]
Sofd]/f ePsf] PG8«f]O8 kmf]g / Nofk6k
x'g'k5{, h;af6 oL b'O{nfO{ jfO{kmfO{;Fu
sg]S6 ug{ ;lsof];\ . o;sf nflu Kn]
:6f]/af6 Pp6f P]k 8fpgnf]8 u/L
Nofk6k ;Fu sg]S6 ug'{k5{ . To;kl5
df]afOn st} lkm6 u/L Nofk6kaf6 nfOe
x]g{ ;Sg' x'g]5 .
s'g} s'/f lrGg
olb tkfO{FnfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] gfd
yfxf 5}g eg] df]afOnsf] Sofd]/fsf]
k|of]un] kmf]6f] lvRg'xf];\ . u'unsf]
Kn]:6f]/af6 Google Goggle
P]k 8fpgnf]8 u/L cf]kg ug'{xf];\ /
Sofd]/fn] kmf]6f] lvRg'xf];\ . Tof] kmf]6f]
tkfO{sf] df]afOndf ;r{ x'g]5 /
tkfO{n] To;sf] af/]df ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f
kfpg'x'g]5 .
tf/f / u|xsf] lbzf yfxf
kfpg'xf];\
olb tkfO{ ;Fu 6]ln:sf]k 5}g eg]
df]afOnsf] Sofd]/f k|of]u u/L tf/f jf u|xsf]
af/]df kQf nufpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . o;sf
nflu tkfO{n] Kn] :6f]/af6 Sky Free
P]k 8fpgnf]8 ug'{kg]{5 . o;n]
tkfO{nfO{ ;a} u|xx?sf] hfgsf/L lbg'sf]
;fy} To;sf] kf]lhzgsf] af/]df klg
atfpg]5 .
s'g} klg :yfgsf] kmf]6f]
af6 To;sf] nf]s]zg
yfxf kfpg'xf];\
tkfO{Fn] df]afOnsf] Sofd]/fsf]
d4taf6 s'g} :yfgsf] nf]s]zg kQf
nufpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . o;sf nflu Kn]
:6f]/af6 Wikitude / Layer 8fpgnf]8
u/L cf]kg ubf{ Sofd]/f cf]kg x'g]5 .
To;kl5 tkfO{n] h'g kmf]6f] lvRg'x'g]5,
To;sf] k'/f hfgsf/L kfpg' x'g]5 .
wd{
;fpg dlxgf el/ eujfg\ lzjsf]
ljz]if ¿kdf k"hf cr{gf tyf hn
r9fpg] ul/G5 . ;fpg dlxgfnfO{
eujfg\ lzjsf] dlxgf dflgG5 . cflv/
!@ dlxgf dWo] ;fpg dlxgfdf g}
eujfg\ lzjsf] ljz]if k"hf lsg ul/G5
t < cfh o;sf] af/]df s]xL /f]rs
tYosf af/]df hfgf} .
;d'Gb| d+yg
ef]u nufP . o;af6 eujfg\ lzjsf]
tfk zfGt eof] . To; 36gf kl5
x/]s jif{ ;fpg dlxgfdf eujfg\
lzjnfO{ hn r9fpg] k/Dk/f /xg
uof] . To; cb\e't 36gfsf sf/0f
eujfg\ lzjnfO{ ;fpg dlxgf
cToGt lk|o 5 / o; dlxgfdf
eujfg\ lzjsf] hnfleif]s ubf{
cb\e't kmn k|fKt x'g] dfGotf /x]sf]
5 .
latf{df]8÷emfkf
;d'› d+yg ug]{ qmddf ha
xnfxn ljif ;fu/af6 lg:s]sf] lyof],
To; a]nf ;[li6sf] /Iffsf nflu eujfg\
lzjn] pQm ljifnfO{ cfˆgf] s07df wf/0f
u/]sf lyP . of] 36gf ;fpg dlxgf
d} 36]sf] lyof] . ljifsf] tfk zfGt ug{
a|DxfhLsf] cfb]zdf b]jtfx?n] eujfg\
lzjsf] hnfleif]s u/] tyf hl8a'6Lsf]
eujfg\ lji0f'
zf:qx?sf cg';f/ ;fpg dlxgf
&^. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . &&

latf{df]8÷emfkf
&* . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
eGbf l7s cl3 b]jzogL PsfbzLsf
lbg b]lv eujfg\ lji0f' of]ulgG›fdf
hfG5g\ . To;kl5 ;[li6sf] ;~rfngsf]
pQ/bfloTj eujfg\ lzjsf] sfFwdf
cfpF5 . To;}n] ;fpg dlxgfsf d'Vo
b]jtf eujfg\ lzjnfO{ dflgG5 . o;}
sf/0f ;fpg dlxgfdf cGo s'g} b]jtfsf]
k"hf eGbf lzjsf] k"hf ubf{ s}of} u'0ff
a9L kmn k|fKt x'g] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 .
To;}n] klg eujfg\ lzjnfO{ ;fpg
dlxgf lk|o 5 .
b]jL kfj{tLn] k"hf
u/]sfn]
zf:q tyf k'/f0f cg';f/ eujfg\
lzjnfO{ ;fpg dlxgf lk|o x'g'sf] Pp6f
sf/0f dftf zlQn] bIf k|hfkltsf] o1
s'08df b]xTofu u/]kl5 kfj{tLsf] ¿kdf
lxdfnosf] 3/df hGd lnPsL lyOg\ .
pgn] klg eujfg\ lzjnfO{ >LdfGf\sf]
¿kdf kfpgsf nflu ;fpg dlxgfdf
tk:of u/]sL lyOg\ / eujfg\ lzjn]
b]jL kfj{tLnfO{ bz{g lbPsf lyP . cyf{t\
;fpg dlxgf d} b]jL kfj{tL / eujfg\
lzjsf] klxnf] e]6 ePsf] lyof] .
o;sf/0f klg ;fpg dlxgfsf] ljz]if
dxTj 5 .
/fdsyf ;'gfPsf]n]
o;} kljq dlxgfdf eujfg\ lzjn]
dftf kfj{tLnfO{ ;j{k|yd /fdsyf
;'gfPsf lyP . ;'Gg'nfO{ >j0f elgG5 .
/fdsyf ;'Gg] / ;'gfpg] ->fj0f_ qmdd}
o; kljq dlxgfnfO{ >fj0f -;fpg_
elgPsf] xf] . ljZjel/sf lxGb'x?
o; dlxgfdf ;Togf/fo0fsf] syf /
/fd rl/t dfg;sf] kf7 u5{g\ . o;}
dlxgfsf] cfwf/df d'l:ndx? /dhfg
dgfp5g\ . ljZjdf /dhfgnfO{ …/fdbfgÚ
jf …/dbfgÚ elgG5 . eujfg\ lzjsf]
;a}h;f] j|t ;"of]{bo b]lv ;'? eO{ ;"of{:t
kl5 ;lsG5 . o;} lx;fan] /f]hf j|t klg
ul/G5 .
j}jflxs hLjgdf ptf/ r9fjx?
cfO{ /xG5g\ . oLg} ptf/r9fjx?n]
j}jflxs ;DaGw sltsf] alnof] 5 eGg]
s'/f bzf{p5 . h'g bDktLsf] b[li6sf]0f
o:tf ptf/ r9fj k|lt ;sf/fTds
x'G5, pgLx¿ ;'vL /xG5g\ eg] h;sf]
b[li6sf]0f o; k|lt gs/fTds x'G5,
pgLx¿ rf8} g} cfltP/ xf/ dfGg]
u5{g\ . hLjgdf bDktLn] slxn] sfFxL
o:tf] sl7g kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug'{k5{
ls h;n] j}jflxs ;DaGwsf] dw'/tf jf
/f]dfG;nfO{ ;vfk agfpg] u5{ . o:tf]
ljk/Lt kl/l:yltdf cfˆgf] hLjg;fyL
;Fu s:tf] Jojfxf/ ubf{ k'gM ;DaGwdf
xl/ofnL Nofpg ;lsG5 hfgL /fvf} .
hLjg;fyL cfly{s ¿kdf
sdhf]/ x'“bf
– cfˆgf] ah]6nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL vr{ tyf
nufgL ug'{xf];\ .
– lkmh'nvr{af6 aRgsf nflu x/]s sfd
ah]6 cg';f/ tyf hLjg;fyLsf] ;Nnfx
lnP/ dfq ug'{k5{ .
– hLjg;fyLnfO{ sfdfpg g;s]sf]
u'gf;f] ug'{ x'Fb}g . a? s;/L b'j} ldnL
cfDbfgL a9fpg ;lsG5 ljrf/ tyf
5nkmn ug'{k5{ .
– af/Daf/ hljg;fyLnfO{ xf]Rofpg] jf
x]Kg] ug'{x'b}g .
j}jflxs
km/s
kl/l:yltdf
hLjg;fyL ;“u
s:tf] Jojfxf/
ug]{ <
hLjg;fyLsf] hflu/ 5'6]df
– hLjg;fyLsf] hflu/ 5'6]df bof
b]vfpg] xf]Og a? ;Defjgf b]vfO{
w}o{tf /fVg nufpg' k5{ .
– hLjg;fyLnfO{ ;s] ;Dd v';L /fVg]
k|of; /fVg' k5{ .
– hLjg;fyLnfO{ ;sf/fTds /xg
l;sfpg'xf];\ / csf]{ hflu/ kfpg ;s]
;Dd ;xof]u ug'{xf];\ .
– 3/sf] cfly{s ;d:of ;'ema'emsf ;fy
b'j}sf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd ;dfwfg ug'{xf];\ .
– hflu/ 5'6]/ lrlGtt eO{ /x]sf a]nf
ckdfg jf cjx]ngf gug'{xf];\ ;fy} w]/}
bofefj klg gb]vfpg'xf];\ .
kl/l:yltnfO{ ;s] ;Dd ;dfGo
agfpg'xf];\ .
hLjg;fyL sfd k|lt qm]hL
ePdf
– lxhf]cfh wg sdfpg' g} JolQmsf]
hLjgsf] p4]Zo aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{Fsf] hLjg;fyL
klg tkfO{nfO{ ;do glbO{ lbg
/ft sfd u/L /xg vf]H5g\ eg] lvNnL
gp8fpg'xf];\ / lrt klg gb'vfpg'xf];\ .
– o:tf] kl/l:yltaf6 aRgsf nflu
3/sf] lhDd]jf/L afF8kmf8 ug'{xf];\ .
o;af6 s'g} Ps dfly dfq
lhDd]jf/Lsf] y'k|f] xF'b}g .
emfkf
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . &(

sdnufp“
– cfdfa'af dWo] a'af sfd k|lt kh]l;j
x'Fbf cfdf cyf{t\ >LdtLn] gfgLx¿ ;Fu
;do latfpg] ug'{k5{ .
– cfˆgf] t'ngf c¿ bDktL ;Fu gug'{xf];\ .
– 6fOd Dofg]hd]G6sf] tl/sf ckgfO{
Jo:t hLjgz}nLsf lar klg cfˆgf]
nflu v';Lsf b'O{ If0f lgsfNg] k|of;
ug'{xf];\ .
– hLjg;fyLnfO{ bf]if glbg'xf];\ / ;s]
;Dd p;sf] Jo:ttf sd ug]{ k|of;
ug'{xf];\ .
– Ps csf{sf] efjgfnfO{ a'emL ;Ddfg
ug'{xf];\ .
hLjg;fyLn] s'6lk6 ubf{
– ;s] ;Dd o:tf] l:ylt cfpg lbg'
x'Fb}g . ha ljjfb a9] h:tf] nfU5,
bDktL dWo] Ps hgf r'k nfUg' g}
pko'Qm x'G5 .
– hLjg;fyL cfqmfds ag]df ToxfFaf6
cGt} hfg' g} plrt x'G5 .
– k|foM h;f] nfu" kbfy{sf] ntsf sf/0f
3/]n' lx+;fsf] l:ylt cfpF5 .
To;}n] hLj;fyLsf] o:tf] nt 5'6fpg]
k|of; ug'{k5{ .
– s'6lk6 kl5 klg hLjg;fyLnfO{ dfkm
u/L cfOGbf To:tf] gug{ ;Demfpg'
k5{ .
– olb hLjg;fyLn] af/Daf/ b'Jo{jxf/
u/L /x]df 5'l§g' g} a]; x'G5 .
hLjg;fyL uDeL/ la/fdL
x'“bf
– hLjg;fyL k|lt ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0f
/fvL p;nfO{ w}o{tf /fVg nufpg' k5{ .
– p;nfO{ v';L /fVg], PSn} g5f]8\g] tyf
:ofxf/ ug]{ ug'{k5{ .
– p;nfO{ s]xL ePsf] 5}g / rf8} lgsf]
x'g] cfZjf;g lbg' k5{ .
– cfkm" klg b'MvL / efj's gaGg'xf];\ .
hLjg;fyL dfofn' gx'“bf
– s]xL hLjg;fyLx? s8f :jfefjsf
x'G5g\ / cleefjs h:t} Jojfxf/
ug]{ x'G5g\ eg] s]xL emgSs l/;fO{ xfNg]
:jfefjsf x'G5g\ . o:tf] hLjg;fyLn]
/f]dfG;nfO{ Tolt dxQ\j lbb}gg\ .
– o:tf] hLjg;fyL x'Fbf klg cfˆgf]
efjgf z]o/ u/L /xg'xf];\ .
– hLjg;fyLsf] d"8 /f]dflG6s agfpg]
k|of; u/L /xg'xf];\ .
– pgnfO{ ljz]if dx;'; u/fpg'xf];\ /
lg/Gt/ k|of; u/L /xg'xf];\ .
– aflx/sf] emu8fnfO{ a]8?ddf gn}
hfg'xf];\ .
gflosf dlngf hf]zL / gfos
cg'kljs|d zfxLn] k|]d l:jsf/ gu/]
klg oL b'O s]xL jif{ ulx/f] k|]ddf 8'a]sf
lyP . t/ s]xL ;do cufl8 oL b'Osf] k|]
d sdhf]/ aGof] . clxn] oL b'O{ cfkm"nfO{
/fd|f] ;fyL dfq ePsf] atfpF5g\ .
gflosf tyf k"j{ ld; g]kfn dlngf
hf]zLn] cg'k;Fusf] k|]ddf kbf{ cfkm"nfO{
gzf nfu] h:tf] ePsf] atfPsL l5g\ .
pgn] eg]sL l5g\ …Ps ;do ljZjf;
u/]sf] dflg;sf] dfof t nfluxfN5
lg . gzf nfu]h:tf] x'Fbf]/x]5 . s]
ul//x]sL 5' < stf uO/x]sf] 5' < s]xL
klg yfxf gx'g] . d TotL a]nf cfkm"nfO{
Psbd} sdhf]/ dxz'z ug{ yfn]sL
lyP .Ú
b'Osf] k|]ddf t];|f] JolQmsf] k|j]z
ePsf] xf] eGg] k|Zgdf 3'dfp/f] z}nLdf
dlngfn] o;nfO{ l:jsf/ u/]sL l5g\ .
pgn] eg]sL l5g\ …To;df c?sf] s] bf]if <
7fpF t xfdLn] g} lbof} lg xf]Og / < cfkm}
sdhf]/ ePkl5 c?nfO{ s] bf]if lbg'

uf}/fbx
lgdf{tfsf] rnlrqdf sfd u/]/ cgfj-
Zos dfu ub}{ cfPsf w]/} gflosfx?n]
cfkm} rnlrq lgdf{0f ubf{sf] b'Mv dx;';
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
lxGbL rnlrqsf va/x?
of] jif{ @ gflosfnfO{ rnlrq lgdf{0f
u/]/ em6\sf nflu;s]sf] 5 . gflosf
/]vf yfkf, em/gf yfkf, :j]tf v8\sf
rnlrq lgdf{0fdf ;kmn dflgG5g\ .
gflosf Crf l3ld/] rnlrq lgdf{0fdf
c;kmn ePkl5 clxn] cd]l/sfdf g}
a:g yfn]sL l5g\ .
s]xL gflosfsf nflu
rnlrq lgdf{0f ;kmn ePklg
s]xLsf nflu eg] vf;} ;'vb
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . gflosf gd|tf
>]i7 klg rnlrq lgdf{0fdf
c;kmn e};s]sL gflosf
x'g\ . gflosf sl/Zdf
dfgGw/sf nflu klg rnlrq lgdf{0f
vf;} kmfk]g . gflosf s]sL clwsf/L
klg rf8} g} rnlrq lgdf{0fdf xft xfNb}
l5g\ .
clxn]sf clwsf+z gflosfx? cfkm\g}
rnlrq lgdf{0f sDkgLsf] ;'?jft\
ug]{ tof/Ldf 5g\ . t/, rnlrq lgdf{0fdf
sd}n] dfq ;kmntf kfPsf] b]lvG5 .
s[if $ ;g\
@)!* df
;'? x'g]
alnp8 cleg]tf Clts /f]zgn] ljut
s]xL dlxgf b]lv s'g} klg lkmNd ;fOg
u/]sf 5}gg\ . w]/}n] cg'dfg u/]sf lyP
ls zfob pgL s[if $ sf] tof/L ul//x]sf
5g\ . t/ xfn} dfq Cltssf a'af /fs]z
/f]zgn] Ps cGt{jftf{df Cltsn] rf8} g}
Ps cGo lgb]{zssf] lkmNddf sfd ug{
nfu]sf] atfP . pgn] ax'k|ltlIft s[if $
sf] lgdf{0fsf af/]df klg pgn] v'n]/ s'/f
u/]sf lyP . pgsf cg';f/ s[if $ cfpg
cem} 8]9 jif{ nfUg]5 . pgsf cg';f/ pgL
k'/} tof/L u/]/ dfq lkmNd agfpg]5g\
lxGbL rnlrqsf va/x?
/ clxn] pgnfO{ s[if $ agfpg] s'g}
xtf/ 5}g . o; k6s s[if $ sf] syf
dfld{s /xg] s'/f pgn] v'nfPsf 5g\ .
/fs]zsf cg';f/ pgL cfˆgf] ;a}
sfd of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] ub{5g\ . To;
sf/0f g} pgL ;Lldt ah]6df lkmNd
agfpg ;S5g\ . To;}n] ubf{ pgn] #))
s/f]8 nfUg] s[if # nueu !$) s/f]8df
agfpg ;s]sf lyP . pgL % ldg]6 klg
PS:6«f z'l6Ë u/fpb}gg\ . o;af6 pgsf]
lkmNdsf] ah]6 a9\g ;S5 .
Gff;f hfg] tof/Ldf æ;'zfGtÆ
e'mDsf
j?0f wjg / cg'isf zdf{ klxnf]
k6s ;Fu} lkmNd ug{ uO{/x]sf 5g\ .
oz/fh lkmND; 4f/f lgdf{0f ul/g] pQm
lkmNdsf] gfd ;'O{ wfuf xf] . lgb]{zs z/b
s6fl/of / lgdf{tf dlgif zdf{sf] lkmNd
…bd nuf s] xO{zfÚ bz{sx?n] lgs} dg
k/fPsf lyP . ca km]l/ oL b'O{sf] hf]8L
ldn]/ ;'O{ wfuf agfpg uO{ /x]sf] 5 .
lkmNdsf] lzif{sn] g}
dflg;x?sf] dgdf
lh1fzf hufpg] sfd
u5{ . j?0fsf cg';f/
lkmNd lgs} dgf]/~hgfTds
/xg]5 .
pgnfO{ lkmNdsf]
:qmLK6 lgs} dg k/]sf] 5
/ pgL cg'isf ;Fu tyf
oz/fh lkmND; ;Fu sfd
ug{ kfPsf]df lgs} v';L 5g\ . cg'isf
klg ;'O{ wfufdf sfd ug{ kfPsf]df
lgs} v';L l5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ of]
lkmNdsf] syf cfkm"df ljZjf; ug'{kg]{
s'/fdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 , h'g lgs}
/f]rs 5 .
;'zfGt l;+x /fhk"tsf] xfn} dfq
lkmNd /fAtf k|bz{g ePsf] lyof] . h;n]
aS; clkm;df vf;} wdfn b]vfpg
;s]g . o; cl3sf] pgsf] lkmNd Pd
P; wf]gL M b cg6f]N8 :6f]/Ln] eg] /
fd|f] sdfO{ u/]sf] lyof] . ca rf8} g} pgL
csf]{ lkmNd …rGbf dfdf b'/ s]Ú df
b]lvg]5g\ . o;} lkmNdsf] tof/Lsf nflu
pgL gf;f hfb}5g\ . va/ cg';f/ ;'zfGt
o; lkmNddf cGtl/IfofqLsf] e'ldsfdf
b]lvg]5g\ . of] lkmNd Pp6f :k];
P8\j]Gr/ lkmNd x'g]5, h;df pgL ;Fu}
gjfh'l4g l;l4sL / cf/ dfwjgsf] klg
clego /xg]5 . ;'zfGtn] o; lkmNdsf
nflu gf;fdf 6«]lgª lng]5g\ . lkmNdsf]
z'l6Ë ;]K6]Da/ clgtd b]lv ;'? x'g]5 .
*@. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . *#

c?nfO{ cfkm" eGbf cufl8 a9]sf] x]/]/ ga; . k|To]s lbg cfˆg} lslt{dfg tf]8 lsgls
;kmntf cfkm} ;Fusf] n8fO{ xf] .
olb ;"o{ h:t} rlDsnf] x'g' 5 eg] ;"o{ h:t} hNg' k5{ .
bofn] u/]sf] s'g} klg sfd hlt;'s} ;fgf] eP klg slxNo} v]/ hfb}g .
h;/L Pp6f km"n ;'Gb/ 5 t/ To;sf] af:gf cfpb}g . 7Ls To;} u/L s;}n] eg]sf]
/fd|f] s'/f Joy{ x'G5, olb To;nfO{ cdn ul/Pg eg] .
olb tkfO{sf] sfd c?nfO{ a9L ;kgf b]Vg, a9L l;Sg, a9L sfd ug{, / cem k|utL
ug{sf nflu k|]l/t ug'{ xf] eg] tkfO{ Pp6f g]tf xf] .
cfˆgf] af6f]df cfpg] sfF8f ;Fu g8/fp, o;af6 dfq kmf]x/ /ut aUg]5 .
ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ cGo wd{x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{ k5{ . o;f] ubf{ cfˆgf] wd{sf]
ljsf;df d4t k'Ug'sf ;fy} c? wd{nfO{ klg ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
ha ;a}s'/f tkfO{ lj?4 x'G5, To;a]nf ofb /fVg'xf];\ ls xjfO{ hxfhn] xfjfsf] ljkl/t
lbzfdf p8fg u5{, xfjf ;Fu} xf]Og .
zfGtLsf] ;'?jft\ d':s'/fpg'af6 x'G5 .
;kmntfsf] b'O{ j6f lgod 5, ;'? ug'{xf];\ / ;dfKt kfg'{xf];\ .
slxNo} klg xfg]{ 8/nfO{ lhtsf] pT;fx eGbf 7'nf] x'g glbg'xf];\ .
olb ltdL l;Sg] OR5f /fVb}gf} eg] s;}n] ltdLnfO{ l;sfpg ;Sb}g / olb ltdL l;Sg rfxG5f}
eg] s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g .
;kmn x'g] ;/n t/Lsf c? eGbf a9L d]xgt ug'{, c?eGbf a9L hfGg' / c? eGbf sd cfzf /fVg' xf] .
;kmntfsf] af6f] ;w}F lgdf{0ffwLg x'g' k5{ .
ltdL ;kmntfsf] v'8\sLnf r9\g ;Sb}gf} ta ;Dd ha ;Dd ltd|f] xft ltd|f] uf]hLdf x'g]5 .
c;kmntf ;kmntfsf] pN6f] xf]Og, of] t ;kmntfsf] Pp6f c+u xf] .
hf] JolQm sfd ug]{ t/Lsf jf To;sf] Yof]/LnfO{ ga'emLsg cEof; ug{ yfN5 . To;sf] l:ylt o:tf]
dfemLsf] h:tf] x'G5, h;nfO{ s'g lbzfdf hfg] eGg] g} yfxf x'b}g .
tkfO{ lbgdf @$;} 306f s]xL gofF l;sL/xg' ePsf] 5 eg] klg lbdfu yfSb}g .
JolQmn] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] wf]sf cfˆgf] ljrf/af6 g} kfp5 .
k'/fgf] sfdsf] gSsn ubf{ To;af6 y'k|} sfd l;Sg ;lsG5 t/ olb df]8g{ sfdsf] gSsn ul/G5
eg] s]xL klg k|fKt x'b}g .
h;/L Pp6f af5f] xhf/f} ufO{sf] x'ndf cfˆgL cfdfsf] kl5 kl5 lx+8\5 , To;}u/L JolQmsf] /fd|f] /
g/fd|f] sd{ klg p;sf] kl5 kl5 lx+8\5 .
;a}eGbf 7'nf] u'? dGq cfˆgf] /x:o s;}nfO{ geGg' xf] .
lstfax? Pp6f d"v{sf nflu To:t} xf], h'g Pp6f cGwf]sf nflu P]gf .
u/Lan] wgsf] OR5f u5{, kz'n] af]Ng], JolQmn] :ju{sf] OR5f u5{g\ / wfld{s JolQm df]If k|fKtLsf] OR5f u5{g\ .
ef]s h:tf] c? s'g} zq' 5}g .
tfst hLjg xf] / sdhf]/L d[To' .
*$. ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg . *%

*^ . ;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg
;sf/fTds nIo÷@)&$, ;fpg