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REPORT Image: UNESCO prompted an energetic response from those dedicated to the preservation of the site. The Department of Archaeology is rising to the challenge of coordinating all concerned parties and is addressing the problems afflicting the zones. They are launching an initiative to synchronize the UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE MISSION IS TO · Encourage countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and cultural heritage; · Encourage States Parties to the Convention to nominate sites within their national territory for inclusion on the World Heritage List; · Encourage States Parties to establish management plans and set up reporting systems on the state of conservation of their World Heritage sites; · Help States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional training; · Provide emergency assistance for World Heritage sites in immediate danger; · Support States Parties’ public awareness-building activities for World Heritage conservation; · Encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage; · Encourage international cooperation in the conservation of our world’s cultural and natural heritage. Image: UNESCO Above: Rear view of Pashupatinath. Left: Entrance to Pashupatinath. Below: The Bagmati River flows serenly in Pashupatinath. Facing page above left: The restored Kal Bhairav in Hanuman Dhoka Square. Facing page above right: Neo-classical influence is obvious in the architecture of Hanuman Dhoka Durbar. Facing page below: Festivals are many and all year round in Basantpur Square. In the context of the Kathmandu Valley a number of initiatives have already been launched to reverse the in danger listing. Naturally such a diverse site means that the number of stakeholders, government bodies, municipalities and official bodies with an important responsibility far exceeds the usual quota for a World Heritage Site. In addition the Monument Zones are not isolated archeological ensembles like the Pyramids, or the Mayan temples of Mexico. They are inextricably interwoven with the fast-developing capital city that is changing daily. This fusion of old and new is crucial to the vitality of the Monument Zones, but equally can be blamed for much of the damage caused to them. Happily the dramatic step has 72 MAR-APR 2006 SPACES
existing legal policies and the different building codes to promote best practice conservation and safe-building techniques. Simultaneously they are working with a team of UNESCO consultants to develop an Integrated Management Plan for the whole site. This ambitious project has recently redefined the core and buffer zone boundaries of all Monument Zones, and is designing management mechanisms to adequately conserve the remaining value of the property in the long-term. However, the hard work is far from over. The next step on the agenda is a thorough overhaul of existing bylaws and the development of a clear mechanism for their enforcement. Until this time there have been few examples of illegal construction being stopped, those responsible are rarely penalized and ultimately a penalty system may be required. These advances will only prolong the existence of the site’s value if forces working against them re-evaluate their approach. Perhaps the hardest people to convince about the need for a responsible attitude to cultural/ architectural heritage are those professionals within the building and reconstruction field. The trend for outof-proportion, indecorous reinforced concrete structures clad with dachi-apa AFTER THE 1934 EARTHQUAKE, NEW ROAD WAS FULLY RE- BUILT IN RANA STYLE, THE MOST FASHIONABLE AT THE TIME, WHILST THE ORIGINAL BUILDINGS HAD BEEN MALLA STYLE. prevails in the monument zones, ranging from Patan to Swyambhunath. Instances of unsafe concrete towers dwarfing the human scale of traditional vernacular structures can be seen in every zone. Architects, and in many cases Engineers, who are responsible for such creations should think twice about what it is they are trying to practise, and the debt they owe to the original. The key to this may be introducing a more heritage aware conservation component into the curriculum of key institutions, as has been the case at Kwopha Engineering College. This will certainly be a major undertaking, but the wheels are already turning, and the continued dedication of those involved will greatly help the cause. S The current Awareness Raising Campaign is generously sponsored by NFUAJ (National Federation of UNESCO Associations in Japan). SPACES MAR-APR 2006 73
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