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HERITAGE Image of Narsimha, an important element of Malla palace which was established by Pratap Malla The Octagonal Krishna Temple built by Pratap Malla, in the memory of his two deceased queens. Before Ratna Malla, the entire valley was ruled by his father Yaksha Malla from Bhaktapur. The administration of Patan and Kathmandu was under the Mahapatras, who, in Kathmandu, were defeated by Ratna Malla and he started his reign from Hiti Chowk. Today, the Hiti Chowk and even the small temple of goddess Taleju, built by Ratna Malla near Tanadewal are nonexistent. As Ratna Malla's reign was shadowed by his quest in conquering Kathmandu and defeating the Mahapatras, the minimalism in construction was only to be expected. But it is notable that the very first structure constructed by the king was the temple of the goddess Taleju, the royal goddess or the 'clan goddess' of the Malla Kings. After Ratna Malla, his next two successors were either not active in building or any structures they built have been lost in time; either way there are no monuments reminding of either Surya Malla or Amar Malla at the Hanumandhokha area. One of the first influential kings in building the palace complex is the successor of Amar Malla, Mahendra Malla. Mahendra Malla is credited to be the first Malla king to have successful trade relations with Tibet, and hence ruling in an economically prosperous environment. This prosperity is clearly visible in the structural contributions made to the palace complex. In B.S. 1618 the Mahendreshwor Mahadev Temple was established followed by the temple of ‘Chaturmukh Vishnu’ popularly known as Jaggannath Temple in 1619. The following year, that is B.S. 1620, the extensive temple of Taleju was constructed. The Kotilingeshwor temple to the northeast of the current police station was also constructed by Mahendra Malla and the Tanadewal temple, to the northeast of Taleju was renovated by him as well. Except for the Taleju and Jagannath Temple, none of the other structures built by Mahnedra Malla are in their original form now. The temple of Degutaleju was built by Shivsingh, the successor and the younger brother of Mahendra Malla's successor Sadashiv Malla. Shivsingh was succeeded by his grandson Laxmi Narsimha Malla, whose reign saw attacks from Patan and Bhaktapur. His own son Pratap Malla was against him, hence it is not surprising to see a decline in building trends during his reign. It is, however very interesting The temple of Mahendreshwor Mahadev, which has developed considerably through time The Palace complex developed by multiple rulers. In this image the three towering structures, Taleju temple, Temple of Panchamukhi Hanuman and the Bengal tower were built by Mahendra Malla, Pratap malla and Pratp Singh respectively. www.spacesnepal.com 72 January-February 2011
HERITAGE SITE PLAN: Kathmandu Darbar World Heritage Site © KVPT The temple of Taleju, built by Mahendra Malla in B.S. 1620. LEGEND Sr. No. Element/ Building Built By Year of Construction 1 Kumari Chowk Jayaprakash Malla B.S. 1813 2 Trailokyamohan Temple Parthivendra Malla B.S. 1737 3 Maru Satal - c. 14th century B.S. 4 Kabindrapur Pratap Malla - 5 Singha Satal - - 6 Laxminarayan Temple - - 7 Majudeval Queen Mother Riddhilaxmi during reign of Bhupalendra Malla B.S. 1747 8 Shiva Parvati Temple Bahadur Shah During the reign of Ranabahadur Shah (B.S. 1834-1855) 9 Bhagwati Temple - - 10 Big Bell Ranabahadur Shah B.S. 1854 11 Stone temple of Vishnu - - 12 Temple of Saraswoti - - 13 Krishna Temple Pratap Malla B.S. 1705 14 Jaggannath Temple Mahendra Malla B.S. 1619 15 Pratap Dhwoj (Stone Pillar) Pratap Malla B.S. 1727 16 Degutaleju Shiva Singh - 17 Kal Bhairav Established at Hanumandokha by Pratap Malla - 18 Indrapur Pratap Malla - 19 Temple of Kotilingeshwor Mahadev Mahendra Malla c. 16th/ 17th cent. B.S. 20 Temple of Maha Vishnu Jagajaya Malla 18th cent. B.S. 21 Mahendreswor Mahadev's Temple Mahendra Malla B.S. 1618 22 Majak Deval Bhim Malla - 23 Kageshowr Temple Queen Mother Bhuwana Laxmi B.S. 1768 24 Vishnu Temple - - 25 Image of Hanuman Pratap Malla B.S. 1729 26 Agamchen Perhaps Pratap Malla - 27 Nasal Chowk Pratap Malla Developed through Malla and Shah Times 28 Temple of Panchamukhi Hanuman Pratap Malla 29 Mohan Chowk Pratap Malla B.S. 1705 30 Sundar Chowk Pratap Malla B.S. 1707 31 Mul Chowk Mahendra Malla Before B.S. 1685 32 Trishul Chowk 33 Taleju Temple Mahendra Malla B.S. 1620 34 Dashin Ghar During Shah Time 35 Nag Pokhari During Malla Time 36 Bhandar Khal Pratap Malla 37 Basantapur Chowk Prithivi Narayan Shah and Pratap Singh Started in 1826 38 Dakh Chowk During Shah Time 39 Lam Chowk 40 Kanehol Chowk During Malla Time 41 Nhu Chen Chowk Developed through Malla and Shah Times January-February 2011 73 www.spacesnepal.com
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JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2011 ART - ARCHI
Page 12:
INBOX C ongratulations on a wonderf
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CONTRIBUTORS Ar. Kai Weise Ar. Yatr
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www.spacesnepal.com 18 January-Febr
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NEWS and HAPPENINGS Chagall in Nepa
Page 22: NEWS and HAPPENINGS Upcoming Exhibi
Page 26: INFOCUS • Required certificates a
Page 29 and 30: SOLUTIONS Despite a high level of g
Page 31 and 32: SOLUTIONS Hand pump Gutter Down Pip
Page 33 and 34: SOLUTIONS (B) Complete solar, with
Page 36 and 37: SOLUTIONS Reduce your by30% Buildin
Page 38 and 39: ARCHITECTURE The sun does not just
Page 40 and 41: ARCHITECTURE From the flood plains
Page 42 and 43: ARCHITECTURE The warmth at the entr
Page 44 and 45: ARCHITECTURE The panorama of Thasan
Page 48 and 49: ARCHITECTURE THE COURTYARD HOUSES O
Page 50 and 51: ARCHITECTURE In the ancient kingdom
Page 52 and 53: ARCHITECTURE VARIATIONS IN LAYOUTS
Page 54 and 55: ARCHITECTURE First concrete buildin
Page 56 and 57: INTERNATIONAL Resort World Sentosa
Page 58 and 59: INTERNATIONAL Resorts World TM Sent
Page 60 and 61: INTERNATIONAL The interiors of the
Page 62 and 63: INTERIOR Where Context Meets Contex
Page 64 and 65: INTERIOR The staircase, guided by f
Page 66 and 67: INTERIOR Details and details The id
Page 68: The three storey building envelope
Page 71: HERITAGE The Area of Maru, with Mar
Page 75 and 76: HERITAGE The Kumari Bahal built in
Page 77: HERITAGE The royal thrones used for
Page 80 and 81: ANALYSIS This time around the propo
Page 82 and 83: OPINION Kathmandu Sustainable Urban
Page 84 and 85: OPINION Kathmandu Sustainable Urban
Page 86 and 87: ART © Siddhartha Art Gallery Syed
Page 88 and 89: ART personal guts and attitudes tow
Page 90 and 91: www.spacesnepal.com 90 January-Febr
Page 92 and 93: www.spacesnepal.com 92 January-Febr
Page 96: www.spacesnepal.com 96 January-Febr
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