XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs
XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs
XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs
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<strong>Digestive</strong><br />
<strong>Physiology</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Pigs</strong><br />
Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Life Sciences, Ås, Norway, 3 Department <strong>of</strong> Food Science,<br />
Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark, 4 Syddansk Kvæg,<br />
Vojens, Denmark.<br />
β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB), a metabolite <strong>of</strong> leucine,<br />
has proved to positively affect sow performance. However,<br />
effects on nutrient absorption and hepatic metabolism are<br />
unknown. A multi-catheter sow model was established to<br />
study the effects <strong>of</strong> dietary HMB on net portal (NPF) and<br />
net hepatic (NHF) fluxes <strong>of</strong> HMB, glucose, and the AAs:<br />
Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Phe, Pro, Tyr and Val. Eight second parity<br />
LY sows were fitted with permanent indwelling catheters<br />
in an artery and in portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins.<br />
Eight hourly sets <strong>of</strong> blood samples were taken, starting<br />
30 min before the morning meal, on d-3 and d3 relative<br />
to parturition. Control sows (CON) were fed a standard<br />
lactation diet from d-15 and throughout the experiment.<br />
HMB sows were fed the control diet with 15 mg Ca(HMB) 2 /<br />
kg BW mixed in one third <strong>of</strong> the morning meal from d-10<br />
until the day <strong>of</strong> parturition. Fixed effects <strong>of</strong> HMB on plasma<br />
metabolites were tested while accounting for repeated<br />
blood sampling within sow and day. Net portal flux <strong>of</strong> HMB<br />
was affected by treatment (trt) (P < 0.01) and peaked at<br />
6.85 mmol/h 30 min after the morning meal, and then<br />
decreased toward preprandial level (−0.009 mmol/h) 3.5<br />
h after the meal, indicating that dietary HMB was rapidly<br />
absorbed from the intestine in the HMB sows. The NHF<br />
<strong>of</strong> HMB tended to be affected by trt (P = 0.06) showing a<br />
small hepatic uptake <strong>of</strong> HMB (1.05 mmol/h). The trt x time<br />
interaction affected the NPF <strong>of</strong> glucose and studied AAs<br />
(P < 0.01), except for Gly and Tyr. The NPF were always<br />
positive, indicating absorption from gut to blood. The rates<br />
<strong>of</strong> absorption appeared to be more stable for HMB sows<br />
than for CON. Net hepatic flux <strong>of</strong> glucose was not affected<br />
by HMB. It was negative, indicating hepatic uptake, 1.5<br />
to 2.5 h after the meal, but otherwise positive, indicating<br />
net hepatic release <strong>of</strong> glucose. Net hepatic fluxes <strong>of</strong> AAs<br />
remained negative and were not affected by treatment. In<br />
conclusion, HMB reduced the diurnal variation in glucose<br />
and AA absorption and suggest that a more uniform<br />
nutrient absorption to portal blood is advantageous for sow<br />
performance.<br />
Key words: portal flux, HMB, pig<br />
1070 The degradation <strong>of</strong> arabinoxylan rich cell walls<br />
in digesta obtained from piglets fed on wheat-based<br />
diets by exogenous xylanases and auxiliary enzymes.<br />
N. R. Pedersen* 1 , D. M. Le 2 , P. Fojan 2 , E. Azem 3 , J. Broz 3 , P.<br />
Guggenbuhl 4 , and D. Pettersson 1 , 1 Novozymes, Bagsværd,<br />
Denmark, 2 Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 3 DSM<br />
Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel,<br />
Switzerland, 4 DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition &<br />
Health, 68305 Saint Louis cedex, France.<br />
The objective <strong>of</strong> the present study was to compare the<br />
ability <strong>of</strong> experimental and commercial xylanases to<br />
degrade, in vitro, the arabinoxylan fraction in digesta from<br />
pigs fed a wheat based diet. Piglets were sacrificed at 1,<br />
2, 3, or 4 h after feeding and stomach and ileum contents<br />
were isolated and frozen and later used for the in vitro<br />
<strong>XII</strong> INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON<br />
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS<br />
66<br />
Session II<br />
studies. Xylan solubilisation (measured as xylose) provided<br />
information regarding the ability <strong>of</strong> the enzymes to degrade<br />
the arabinoxylans during the harsh in vivo conditions<br />
prevailing in the gastro intestinal tract. The hydrolytic<br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> a commercial xylanase was compared with that<br />
<strong>of</strong> an experimental xylanase using stomach digesta (pH 2.8)<br />
obtained at 4 h after feeding. Relative to the control without<br />
supplemental xylanase, both xylanases enzymes increased<br />
(P < 0.05) xylose solubilisation 3 times compared with the<br />
control. In the ileal digesta (1 h) the solubilisation was also<br />
increased (P < 0.05) in a similar way for both xylanases<br />
by 36%. Notably, inclusion <strong>of</strong> arabin<strong>of</strong>uranosidases in the<br />
ileal digesta further increased (P < 0.05) the capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
the experimental enzyme to degrade the arabinoxylans<br />
when compared with the commercial xylanase, with or<br />
without supplemental arabin<strong>of</strong>uranosidases. However,<br />
arabin<strong>of</strong>uranosidases added to either <strong>of</strong> the xylanases in<br />
stomach samples did not increase to xylanase. Our results<br />
illustrate clearly the importance <strong>of</strong> using different conditions<br />
and substrates when enzyme performance is studied in<br />
vitro as a pre-screening tool for setting up in vivo trials.<br />
Key words: xylanase, digesta, xylose<br />
1071 effects <strong>of</strong> dietary supplementation with a protease<br />
on the apparent ileal digestibility <strong>of</strong> the weaned<br />
piglet. P. Guggenbuhl* 1 , Y. Wache 1 , and J. Wilson 2 , 1 DSM<br />
Nutritional Products France, 68305 Saint-Louis cedex,<br />
France, 2 DSM Nutritional Products LCC, Parsippany, NJ,<br />
United States.<br />
The effects on the nutrient valorisation <strong>of</strong> an acid-stable<br />
protease (Ronozyme ® ProAct) supplemented to a corn<br />
soybean meal based diet were evaluated for the apparent<br />
ileal nutrient digestibility in 120 28-d old weaned piglets<br />
(8.17 ± 0.90 kg). <strong>Pigs</strong> were divided into 2 equal groups and<br />
had free access to mash diet containing 0.4% chromium<br />
oxide as indigestible marker (Std) or this diet supplemented<br />
with the protease at a concentration <strong>of</strong> 200 mg/kg (Prot).<br />
The analyzed added protease activities in the Std and Prot<br />
diets were 0 and 107%, respectively. The ileal content<br />
was collected for the digestibility determination after<br />
euthanasia <strong>of</strong> 35 piglets <strong>of</strong> each group after 14 d <strong>of</strong> study<br />
and 25 piglets <strong>of</strong> each group after 29 d. The piglets grew<br />
similarly in both experimental groups. Compared with<br />
group Std, the apparent ileal digestibility <strong>of</strong> total nitrogen<br />
(68.7%) was (P ≤ 0.05) increased by 6.7% after 29 d <strong>of</strong><br />
treatment in group Prot. The digestibility <strong>of</strong> the essential<br />
amino acids (80.4%), the sulfur amino acids (78.6%) and<br />
the branched chain amino acids (78.3%) was (P ≤ 0.05)<br />
increased at the end by 5.3, 6.9 and 5.8%, respectively.<br />
The individual amino acids presented a tendency for a<br />
better digestibility in the protease-supplemented animals<br />
after 14 d <strong>of</strong> treatment. At the end <strong>of</strong> the study, the apparent<br />
ileal digestibility <strong>of</strong> arginine (83.0%), aspartate-asparagine<br />
(75.0%), glutamate-glutamine (80.6%), histidine (78.5%),<br />
isoleucine (76.9%), lysine (89.5%), phenylalanine (78.4%),<br />
threonine (69.5%), tyrosine (75.1%) and valine (76.2%)<br />
in the Prot group was (P ≤ 0.05) increased by 3.7, 6.4,<br />
6.3, 6.8, 7.8, 4.0, 4.5, 7.4, 5.4 and 8.8%, respectively. In<br />
conclusion, protease increased apparent ileal digestibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> amino acids by piglets.