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SWAROVSKI BTX ON TEST<br />

WILL THIS SCOPE CHANGE BIRDING FOREVER?<br />

BRITAIN’S BEST-SELLING BIRD MAGAZINE<br />

BACK IN<br />

BRITAIN!<br />

Why Spoonbills<br />

are causing a stir<br />

STONECHAT<br />

SURPRISES<br />

THINK YOU<br />

KNOW THEM?<br />

THINK AGAIN…<br />

HOW MANY<br />

SPECIES HAVE<br />

YOU SEEN?<br />

FARMLAND<br />

FAVOURITE<br />

LEARN HOW BARN<br />

OWLS ADAPT TO<br />

DIFFERENT HABITATS<br />

NIGHTMARE<br />

NEIGHBOURS<br />

Dominic Couzens discovers<br />

the Swallow’s darker side<br />

JULY 2017 £4.30


JULY 2017<br />

CONTENTS<br />

Features<br />

20<br />

COVER<br />

STORY<br />

24<br />

COVER<br />

STORY<br />

#My200BirdYear:<br />

half year update!<br />

Hundreds of you are<br />

taking part in our fun<br />

and flexible challenge<br />

Booming populations<br />

How warmer temperatures are encouraging<br />

some birds to stay and breed in the UK<br />

32<br />

A birding pioneer<br />

Scottish-born Alexander Wilson is renowned for<br />

his birding discoveries in the Americas<br />

38<br />

COVER<br />

STORY<br />

48<br />

COVER<br />

STORY<br />

73<br />

COVER<br />

STORY<br />

Land of opportunity<br />

How the farming of our countryside can have<br />

a huge impact on Barn Owl survival<br />

Neighbours from hell<br />

Dominic Couzens reveals the darker side of the<br />

Swallow and the tactics used to find a mate<br />

Surprising Stonechat<br />

Birder Ian Parsons was amazed to discover<br />

a fact about the Stonechat that he never knew<br />

32<br />

65<br />

4 July 2017


BEYOND<br />

BIRDWATCHING<br />

July’s a wonderful month for<br />

heading to the seaside and<br />

enjoying the wildlife it has to offer.<br />

Find out more on page 12<br />

38<br />

24<br />

6<br />

In The Field<br />

46<br />

53<br />

65<br />

Your Birding Month<br />

Five birds to find include<br />

Spotted Flycatcher, Barn Owl<br />

and Wood Sandpiper<br />

Q&A<br />

Your birding questions and<br />

mystery bird pics put to our<br />

panel of avian experts<br />

Go Birding<br />

Another 10 great<br />

walks in the UK<br />

and Ireland<br />

to see lots of<br />

great birds<br />

ID Challenge<br />

How well do you know birds<br />

that live or feed on or beside<br />

water? Find out here!<br />

Birding Gear<br />

86<br />

COVER<br />

STORY<br />

88<br />

89<br />

Gear Review<br />

We put Swarovski’s BTX<br />

scope to the test – but how<br />

does it fare?<br />

Books<br />

This month we review a<br />

selection of titles including<br />

The Genius of Birds<br />

Wishlist<br />

Birding-related goodies this<br />

month include fleeces, bird<br />

food and towels<br />

News & Views<br />

11<br />

14<br />

16<br />

19<br />

44<br />

111<br />

82<br />

84<br />

Species update<br />

The BTO want your help in<br />

monitoring House Martin<br />

nest boxes – find out why<br />

Weedon’s World<br />

Mike’s been on a 24-hour<br />

‘bird race’ – but did he beat<br />

last year’s record tally?<br />

News Wire<br />

Young birder wins prestigious<br />

scholarship – plus, a chance<br />

to WIN £500 worth of<br />

sleepout gear<br />

Grumpy Old Birder<br />

Bo Beolens wants more<br />

done to make hides more<br />

accessible for the disabled<br />

Your View<br />

A selection of the month’s<br />

best reader photos and letters<br />

Back Chat<br />

Campaigner for nature Jonny<br />

Rankin answers our birding<br />

questions this month<br />

Travel<br />

93<br />

96<br />

Birding Madagascar<br />

It’s endemic birds aplenty at<br />

this exotic location, just off<br />

the coast of Africa<br />

Urban birding<br />

Last month Leicester and<br />

this month Derby – our cities<br />

offer the birder much variety<br />

Bird Sightings<br />

Rarity Round-up<br />

The best rare birds seen<br />

in the UK and Ireland<br />

throughout April<br />

UK Bird Sightings<br />

A comprehensive round-up<br />

of birds seen on your patch<br />

during April<br />

TURN TO PAGE 42 TO<br />

SUBSCRIBE AND SAVE 56%<br />

ALSO AVAILABLE ON IPAD<br />

& ANDROID NOW!<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 5


GEAR<br />

NEW PRODUCTS & GREAT SAVINGS FOR ALL YOUR BIRDING NEEDS<br />

SETTING THE<br />

STANDARDS<br />

REVIEWS<br />

SWAROVSKI BTX EYEPIECE MODULE £2,070<br />

REVIEWED BY MATT MERRITT<br />

BUILT FOR COMFORT<br />

There’s a very useful sighting guide, plus<br />

a forehead rest that just makes extended<br />

viewing that bit more comfortable again.<br />

The former can be removed, while the latter<br />

adjusts to suit your needs.<br />

Watch the<br />

video<br />

Go to birdwatching.co.uk/<br />

videos to watch our<br />

video review<br />

All Photos: Jake Kindred<br />

86 July 2017


WHEN SWAROVSKI<br />

LAUNCHED their ATX/<br />

STX modular scope<br />

system a few years back,<br />

how many birders<br />

thought the next step would be to bring<br />

out a binocular eyepiece module for it?<br />

Like all the best ideas, it seems<br />

obvious, but it took everyone by surprise<br />

when it was launched earlier this year. In<br />

essence, though, it fits to the 65mm,<br />

85mm and 95mm objective lens modules,<br />

and allows you to view through them<br />

using both eyes.<br />

So what are the advantages? Well,<br />

I was able to watch more comfortably, for<br />

longer, than with a standard scope. Using<br />

both eyes feels a lot more relaxed,<br />

especially when viewing a single subject<br />

or location for long periods, such as<br />

while reading rings on birds’ legs.<br />

Secondly, the image feels deeper and<br />

more 3D to me, as it should, with both<br />

eyes providing information to the brain.<br />

Given that you know a Swarovski<br />

objective lens is going to provide a very<br />

bright, natural, sharp and wide image to<br />

start with, that’s a great bonus.<br />

Enjoying the benefits<br />

It does take a little getting used to.<br />

I found myself closing one eye anyway to<br />

start with, so it took a while before I<br />

enjoyed the benefits of the two eyepieces.<br />

And, as with any pair of binoculars, you<br />

need to set it up right – the eyepieces<br />

twists up and down to three positions,<br />

there’s a dioptre adjustment on the right<br />

barrel, and you can adjust the<br />

interpupillary distance. Get them right,<br />

and you soon start to see what all the<br />

fuss is about.<br />

It is heavier than the ATX eyepiece<br />

module, but not so much that it would<br />

put me off carrying one. But you do need<br />

a good sturdy tripod with this set-up,<br />

because of that extra weight, otherwise<br />

constant wobbles will wipe out the<br />

optical gains.<br />

In short, it’s setting a new standard in<br />

scopes. If you already have an ATX front<br />

end, you’ll want to add it at some stage. If<br />

you’re just thinking of buying your first<br />

top-end scope you need to try it.<br />

FACTFILE<br />

Magnification: 35x<br />

Weight: 1,420g (with eyepiece)<br />

RRP: £2,070<br />

Contact: uk.swarovskioptik.com<br />

EXTENDING YOUR REACH<br />

You can slot the ME Magnification Extender (£290) into your<br />

BTX set-up. With the 95mm, it extends the magnification from<br />

35x to 60x. The BTX has no zoom, although I didn’t miss it.<br />

For me, the ME did reduce the depth of field quite drastically,<br />

so I would only be using it occasionally.<br />

OPTIONS OPEN<br />

The BTX fits the 65mm,<br />

85mm and 95mm objective<br />

lens modules. We tried it with<br />

the last of these, and it really<br />

does produce superb results,<br />

combining ease and comfort<br />

of use with amazing optics –<br />

the image feels more ‘walk-in’<br />

than pretty much anything I’ve<br />

ever seen before.<br />

RATINGS<br />

OPTICS êêêêê<br />

HANDLING êêêêê<br />

PRICE êêêêê<br />

OVERALL êêêêê<br />

NB: Price rating reflects value for<br />

money against others in its class<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 87


BRILLIANT<br />

BIRDING<br />

In January, Bird Watching<br />

magazine launched a fun and<br />

flexible challenge to get<br />

people out seeing even more<br />

birds – and #My200BirdYear<br />

is proving to be extremely<br />

popular with UK birders


THE HALFWAY POINT of 2017 is upon us, so it’s a good time to<br />

take stock of how you’ve fared in Bird Watching’s<br />

#My200BirdYear challenge, and to plan the rest of your birding<br />

calendar to fill in the gaps on your list. It’s not a competition,<br />

of course. You’re free to set your own rules about exactly what<br />

counts. Some people are stricter than others about species that<br />

are only heard, for example. Some count birds seen outside the<br />

UK, while others don’t. The idea, above all, is to see more bird<br />

species by setting yourself a target.<br />

HOW HAVE THE TEAM DONE?<br />

Matt Merritt on his<br />

#My200BirdYear<br />

As I write, in late May, my total<br />

is 165. Unlike Dr Weedon (see<br />

panel right), I’ll take any ticks<br />

going, so that includes birds<br />

seen close to home in<br />

Warwickshire, and others seen<br />

close to our Peterborough offices, plus a few more<br />

picked up during working trips to Cumbria,<br />

Northumberland, Speyside and Austria (Short-toed<br />

Treecreeper, Red-crested Pochard, and Crested Tit,<br />

the latter a surprising ‘dip’ in Scotland).<br />

I’ve missed some waders, like Spotted Redshank,<br />

Whimbrel and the stints, so I’m looking forward to<br />

putting in a few hours during autumn migration,<br />

and I need to do some searching for the two<br />

flycatchers, Redstart and Wood Warbler over the<br />

summer. Add in a skua or two, and a concerted<br />

effort where winter wildfowl are concerned, and<br />

the 200 looks well within reach.<br />

Best of all, it’s taught me a lot more about my<br />

new patch. I’m getting to know where to find<br />

passage migrants, and if there’s one bird I’d like to<br />

make part of the 200, it’s one of the Bearded Tits<br />

that drop in at Napton Reservoir now and then.<br />

Mike Weedon on his<br />

#My200BirdYear<br />

In a normal year, I am out<br />

birding quite a lot, trying to<br />

see as many birds as possible<br />

around Peterborough. Luckily,<br />

#My200BirdYear has provided<br />

me with a ready-made excuse<br />

for business as usual, but even more so!<br />

As I write, it is the last week of May, and I<br />

already have 171 on my Peterborough area year<br />

list. This includes such gems as Red-rumped<br />

Swallow, Rough-legged Buzzard and, recently<br />

Black-winged Stilt; with 10 bird species I didn’t see<br />

at all last year, nicely bagged on the list.<br />

I have strayed from my home area on just a few<br />

occasions: to see the Bluethroat and White-billed<br />

Diver in South Lincolnshire, and for our BW reader<br />

holiday in the Highlands. These trips have boosted<br />

my year list so that when I heard Spotted Crake<br />

near home a couple of weeks ago, I had reached<br />

the 200-bird yearly target.<br />

However, the Peterborough area challenge is<br />

spurring me on. The record is 189 bird species in<br />

a year, so 190 will do (200 would be even better, of<br />

course, but is surely not possible. Or is it?).<br />

Matt Merritt<br />

Mike Weedon<br />

é BLUETHROAT<br />

Both Matt and Mike made pilgrimages to see this beauty at Willow Tree<br />

Fen LWT, in South Lincolnshire, early in the year<br />

é PTARMIGANS<br />

Male (right) and female moulting into spring plumage on Cairngorm<br />

Mountain, during our BW reader holiday in the Highlands in April<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 21


HOW HAVE READERS DONE?<br />

Alamy<br />

STEVE WARD<br />

194 so far. A day on the<br />

Solway added<br />

Whitethroat, Whimbrel<br />

[above] and three skuas<br />

on last big day out.<br />

TREVOR NOBBS<br />

Currently on 89 species<br />

in Cornwall. Still<br />

confident on reaching<br />

my 200.<br />

JOHN WALKER<br />

Just got to 150 on my<br />

year list and 183 on my<br />

life list.<br />

KAREN SNOW<br />

I’m up to 132, most of<br />

which were seen in Kent.<br />

Hope to add a couple<br />

more this weekend.<br />

DAVID MORRIS<br />

105, including some<br />

seen in Central Park,<br />

New York, on New<br />

Year’s Day.<br />

JAMES COMMON<br />

Just realised I’ve passed<br />

200 species this year.<br />

Wood Sandpiper no.203<br />

Time to up my target?<br />

SORREL JOHNSON-<br />

HUGHES<br />

I’m on 136 and saw all<br />

but a few of them in<br />

Hampshire. Hoping to<br />

see Nightjar soon and<br />

Osprey at Rutland<br />

Water on the way to see<br />

seabirds at Flamborough<br />

Head. I’ve surpassed my<br />

usual year total now, and<br />

seen some firsts, and<br />

improved my fieldcraft,<br />

so I’m pleased with how<br />

it’s going. Favourite<br />

sighting was a pair of<br />

Short-eared Owls.<br />

What do I do now?<br />

Autumn migration is already upon us. We know<br />

that’s a bit depressing to hear in the middle of<br />

summer, but the birding benefits are many.<br />

Among those species that breed in the far north<br />

and Arctic, mainly waders and wildfowl, some<br />

birds will already be making their way south to<br />

their wintering grounds, so it’s a great time to look<br />

for these birds as they make their journeys (some<br />

of which end in the UK, of course).<br />

Many will be juveniles, which can make ID that<br />

bit more challenging; but adult birds are involved<br />

too, even this early in the season, so head to your<br />

local gravel pits or reservoir and scope the muddy<br />

margins as well as the main body of water.<br />

Remember, too, that some species are present in<br />

the UK throughout the summer, even when your<br />

field guide suggests they aren’t. Take Knots, for<br />

example. Most books will have this down as a<br />

wintering bird and passage migrant, and you can<br />

indeed see huge flocks at sites such as Snettisham<br />

RSPB during the colder months. But visit in the<br />

summer and you’ll still find several hundred;<br />

failed breeders, and birds that never made the<br />

journey north in the first place.<br />

So, if you’re out birding during the summer,<br />

keep an open mind and don’t rule anything out.<br />

Field guides are just that – guides – and for birds,<br />

the seasons run into one another much quicker<br />

than we might think.<br />

Start to fill in the gaps<br />

Let’s say you started out with a burst of<br />

enthusiasm, and chalked up most of the local<br />

winter species during January and February.<br />

Then, when spring migration started, you ticked<br />

off the birds as they came through, including all<br />

those species that don’t breed in your area so have<br />

to be seen during a fairly small time window.<br />

But you’ve ground to a bit of a halt, and you’re<br />

wondering where the other 70, 80, 90, 100 species<br />

ê SNETTISHAM KNOT FLOCK<br />

Even in the summer you can catch up with ‘winter’ birds such as Knot<br />

around The Wash at sites like Snettisham<br />

22 July 2017


ON TWITTER<br />

twitter.com/BirdWatchingMag<br />

Short-eared Owls<br />

Lisa Geoghegan / Alamy<br />

are going to come from. You need to make a plan.<br />

First, list all those species that you know breed<br />

or winter on your home patch, and think about<br />

exactly where you might see them. You’ll find<br />

yourself grouping various (not always related)<br />

species together – for example, Hobby, Sedge<br />

Warbler, and Water Rail might all be expected to<br />

be found at a local wetland site.<br />

Then list any others that you might expect to<br />

see during your summer holiday, or during days<br />

out. If you’re living inland and this takes you to<br />

the coast, there’s obviously a lot of seabirds that<br />

could boost your total considerably, especially if<br />

you take the time to master a bit of basic gull ID.<br />

But here’s the good thing about #My200BirdYear.<br />

When you go to find them, you hear and glimpse<br />

another, far less showy warbler, too. It’s<br />

unremarkable looking, but the sound it’s making<br />

is utterly distinctive. Grasshopper Warbler.<br />

And around the margins of one of the pools,<br />

there’s a rather delicate looking wader that’s just<br />

not quite right for Redshank or any of the other<br />

usual suspects. You use your field guide to<br />

carefully rule them out, one by one, and conclude<br />

that you’ve got your first patch Wood Sandpiper.<br />

And that’s what we hope #My200BirdYear will<br />

do. You’ll slowly realise that there are more<br />

species out there, within easy reach, than you ever<br />

thought. You can follow others’ progress and<br />

report your own by using the #My200BirdYear<br />

hashtag on social media.<br />

HOW TO TAKE PART<br />

David Tipling<br />

All you need to do is go to birdwatching.co.uk/<br />

my-200-bird-sign-up and fill in your details – there’s<br />

still plenty of time to make it to 200 ,even if you start<br />

now, because most of the ‘winter’ birds you’ve missed<br />

will be back in evidence around October.<br />

But keep an eye on Bird Watching magazine, too.<br />

Starting in our September issue, and at Rutland<br />

Water’s Birdfair event in August, we’ll be showing<br />

you how to take part in our #My100BirdYear<br />

challenge, including how you could complete it in<br />

a single day!<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 23


BREEDING<br />

SPOONBILLS & EGRETS<br />

Population<br />

BOOM<br />

Although climate change will have a devastating effect<br />

on many of our birds, warmer temperatures<br />

are encouraging other species<br />

to stay and breed in the<br />

UK’s marshy environs<br />

WORDS: MATT MERRITT<br />

24 July 2017


ê NEW BREEDERS<br />

Spoonbills have started nesting<br />

again in the UK after a<br />

300 year absence<br />

Biosphoto\Photoshot.<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 25


BREEDING<br />

SPOONBILLS & EGRETS<br />

BACK IN THE 1970s, when I first started<br />

birdwatching, ID was pretty<br />

straightforward if you saw a long-legged,<br />

long-necked bird. Bitterns were extremely<br />

rare in the UK (and even now, how often<br />

do you see one well?), and Spoonbills<br />

were gone, seemingly forever, so the<br />

Grey Heron had the field (or should that<br />

be the marsh?) pretty much to itself.<br />

IMAGEBROKER,ALFRED & ANNALIESE T/Imagebroker/FLPA<br />

How things have changed. In southern England, at<br />

least, and increasingly further north, birdwatchers<br />

now stand a chance of seeing a whole host of<br />

herons, egrets and similar species, and there<br />

might well be more to come.<br />

The pioneers<br />

In fact, though, it’s often cited as a case of<br />

recolonisation. Spoonbills had become largely<br />

absent from the UK from the 17th Century<br />

onwards, with only occasional single pairs<br />

breeding and a handful of passage birds seen each<br />

year, largely in the spring.<br />

The destruction of much of their preferred<br />

habitat, as fens and swamps were drained for<br />

agriculture, was the main culprit for their demise,<br />

although hunting and then egg collecting took<br />

their toll, too.<br />

But, in 2010, came the announcement that at<br />

least four pairs had fledged young at Holkham<br />

National Nature Reserve in Norfolk – the first<br />

breeding colony for more than 300 years.<br />

Spoonbills typically breed in single-species<br />

colonies or, as at Holkham, in small groups within<br />

è GLOSSY IBIS<br />

Perhaps this will be the next<br />

heron-like bird to colonise the UK<br />

ê BREEDING FINERY<br />

The ‘aigrettes’ of Little Egrets were<br />

once highly prized, helping their<br />

eradication from the UK<br />

è SPOON-FED BABY<br />

Even tiny Spoonbills have<br />

flattened, spatulate bills!<br />

mixed-species colonies containing other water<br />

birds, such as Grey Herons, Little Egrets and<br />

Cormorants, so expansion in numbers and range<br />

can be a slow process.<br />

Once it gathers momentum, though, it can really<br />

take off, and as more and more Spoonbills also<br />

winter in the UK, the potential for the Norfolk<br />

colony to sprout outliers rapidly is great. It needs a<br />

mixture of freshwater lakes, reedbeds, and<br />

brackish lagoons, so will always be tied to coastal<br />

areas, but it could benefit from plans to create<br />

natural sea defences in many areas by means of<br />

planned flooding and managed realignment.<br />

It was a similar story with the Little Egret. It<br />

was once probably common and widespread in<br />

Britain and Ireland – they were listed among the<br />

birds eaten at the coronation feast of Henry VI in<br />

1429, and 1,000 were eaten at the enthronement of<br />

George Neville as Archbishop of York in 1465.<br />

But habitat loss, over-hunting and a cooling<br />

climate saw them decline rapidly, so much so that<br />

Thomas Bewick, in the first years of the 19th<br />

Century, described them as almost extinct.<br />

Things got worse. Egret plumes became the<br />

must-have fashion accessory, to the extent that, in<br />

1887, one London dealer sold two million egret<br />

skins. Most came from the hunting of wild birds,<br />

with disastrous effects, and by the 20th Century, it<br />

was a bird of southern Europe only. This<br />

catastrophe did spark a reaction, though, and in<br />

1889, the Plumage League was formed, a<br />

conservation organisation that would become the<br />

RSPB we all know today.<br />

Conservation action in continental Europe<br />

helped the Little Egret population to grow rapidly,<br />

until it became common in western and then<br />

northern France, and breeding took place in the<br />

Netherlands at the end of the 1970s. Throughout<br />

this time, it was a rare vagrant to Britain, but<br />

records became more and more regular, until in<br />

1996, a pair first bred at Brownsea Island, Dorset.<br />

26 July 2017


From there, its numbers and range have<br />

expanded as far north as Scotland, with breeding<br />

numbers now estimated at 750-plus pairs, and<br />

wintering numbers pushing up past 5,000 birds.<br />

The next wave<br />

All fairly straightforward, so far. Spoonbills and<br />

Little Egrets are both largely white, so can’t be<br />

confused with Grey Herons, and the former are<br />

distinctive by virtue of their spatulate bills, used<br />

to sweep through the water in search of food, and<br />

their habit of flying with their necks outstretched.<br />

In the last few years, though, increasing<br />

numbers of Great White Egrets have been seen in<br />

the UK, closely followed by Cattle Egrets. The<br />

former, Grey Heron sized but also all-white, bred<br />

for the first time in 2012, at Shapwick Heath<br />

Nature Reserve, Somerset.<br />

The number of wintering birds continues to<br />

increase, with south coast sites such as Dungeness<br />

being particularly good spots to find them, so the<br />

likelihood is that they’ll become a regular breeder,<br />

and that their population might expand along the<br />

same lines as their smaller relative’s. Their even<br />

smaller relative, the Cattle Egret, is a species that<br />

has expanded its range worldwide by a huge<br />

amount in the last century – it even crossed the<br />

Atlantic and is now seen in large numbers in parts<br />

of South America, and is one of only two species<br />

(the other is the Arctic Tern), to have reached all<br />

seven continents.<br />

It’s perhaps surprising, then, that it has taken so<br />

long to make inroads into the UK, but the story<br />

has been much the same as with Little and Great<br />

White: increased numbers of wintering birds, with<br />

invasions in 2007-8 and last winter, and first<br />

breeding in 2008, again in Somerset.<br />

Given its global success, and the fact that the<br />

population in northern France is thriving, expect<br />

it to become a familiar sight in Britain, far from its<br />

origins on the African savannah.<br />

Robin Chittenden/FLPA<br />

Harvey van Diek / PIC FAIR<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 27


BIRD the<br />

WORLD<br />

THE<br />

BEST HOLIDAY<br />

OFFERS AND TRAVEL<br />

REPORTS FROM<br />

AROUND THE GLOBE<br />

MAGICAL<br />

MADAGASCAR<br />

Hemis / Alamy<br />

An island home to a host of<br />

endemic birds and other great<br />

wildlife, including lemurs!<br />

WORDS: BARRIE COOPER<br />

IF CHARLES DARWIN’S ship HMS Beagle had<br />

made a diversion and arrived in Madagascar<br />

before the Galápagos Islands, it’s quite possible<br />

he may not have bothered moving onto the<br />

archipelago off Ecuador.<br />

After separating from the African land mass 165<br />

million years ago, Madagascar developed amazing<br />

examples of evolution. Some species arrived after the<br />

separation and subsequently evolved into several<br />

species as different habitats were colonised, requiring<br />

different adaptations. For example, the world’s largest<br />

bird, the flightless Elephant Bird, grew to a height of<br />

more than three metres and is the largest known<br />

species of bird to have existed.<br />

Madagascar is famous for being the only place in<br />

the world for lemurs and, incredibly, some became as<br />

large as gorillas. Sadly, as is often the case on islands,<br />

once people arrived extinction for the Elephant Bird,<br />

the huge lemurs and several other species inevitably<br />

followed. Nevertheless, Madagascar is still a truly<br />

unforgettable place for the modern birder and also for<br />

the general wildlife enthusiast.<br />

Although there are only about 210 regularly<br />

breeding birds, half of these are endemic, including<br />

five endemic families.<br />

To see a good range of endemics it’s necessary<br />

to visit three key habitats: spiny forest in the<br />

south, western dry deciduous forests and<br />

eastern rainforests. Each habitat holds a range<br />

of interesting species in addition to endemics.<br />

For most members of a group tour I recently<br />

led, the spiny forest was the one they selected<br />

as holding the most memorable birds. This<br />

small area of spiny forest held species from<br />

other endemic families, one of which is the<br />

ONLINE<br />

EXCLUSIVE<br />

Read a longer version<br />

online at<br />

birdwatching.co.uk/<br />

madagascar<br />

82 July 2017


OTHER WILDLIFE<br />

I’m a keen birder with experience in more than 60 countries,<br />

but I have to admit that the lemurs are the highlight of<br />

Madagascar for me.<br />

How can you resist taking lots of photos of Ring-tailed<br />

Lemurs (below)? Or the beautiful Diademed Sifaka? Or<br />

the dancing Verreaux’s Sifaka? I’m glad we don’t have film<br />

cameras these days, it would cost a fortune! But perhaps<br />

one of the main highlights of a visit to Madagascar is to<br />

hear the wailing calls of Indri.<br />

To be underneath the trees where the world’s largest<br />

lemur is calling is a true wildlife experience to linger long in<br />

the memory – it’s the sound of this amazing country and<br />

a privilege to hear such a charismatic animal, as indeed are<br />

most of the lemurs.<br />

Barrie Cooper<br />

é GIANT COUA<br />

Relatives of the<br />

cuckoos, the couas are<br />

strictly birds of<br />

Madagascar<br />

Barrie Cooper<br />

Barrie Cooper<br />

couas, which are related to cuckoos but build their<br />

own nest and raise their own young. Another target<br />

endemic family for birders are the ground-rollers.<br />

Perhaps the most interesting family are the vangas<br />

and if Darwin had studied them rather than his<br />

finches, they’d now be famous. This family has an<br />

even more incredible range of beaks than the<br />

Galápagos finches.<br />

The spiny forest holds one of the best examples of<br />

niche filling with the splendid Sickle-billed Vanga and<br />

it’s quite a highlight when you see one of these black<br />

and white birds perched at the top of a tree with its<br />

long, grey, curved beak.<br />

There are a few wetlands on the eastern coast<br />

where you will hope to find the endemic Madagascar<br />

Plover as well as migrant waders, Hottentot Teal,<br />

Madagascar Lark and Madagascar Cisticola.<br />

In the north is a lake where, in 2006, the presumed<br />

extinct Madagascar Pochard was rediscovered, with a<br />

population of just 24. Moving inland from the spiny<br />

forest, the Zombitse forest is an example of dry<br />

deciduous forest and is one of only three sites known<br />

to hold Appert’s Tetraka, a warbler-type bird that<br />

moves through the understory in small groups.<br />

The forest also holds Greater and Lesser Vasa<br />

Parrots, plus various lemurs and other endemics.<br />

Continuing eastwards takes us to the wetter parts of<br />

Madagascar and, for me, the Nuthatch Vanga is one of<br />

the prizes here.<br />

Another highlight of the rainforest must be the sight<br />

and sound of the Madagascar Cuckoo Roller displaying<br />

over the canopy as you strain your neck trying to get a<br />

good view of this unique bird.<br />

You really do need to visit Madagascar to<br />

understand the true magic of an island that Darwin<br />

would have loved.<br />

MADAGASCAR<br />

Barrie Cooper<br />

ç BLUE COUA<br />

It is not hard to see<br />

where the Blue Coua<br />

gets its name from...<br />

é SCALY<br />

GROUND-ROLLER<br />

An endemic beauty of<br />

a bird from a family<br />

restricted to<br />

Madagascar<br />

ê SAVANNA<br />

Madagascan savanna<br />

in the Menabe region<br />

of western Madagascar<br />

Antsiranana<br />

Diana<br />

Sambava<br />

Antsohihy<br />

Bofia<br />

Boeny<br />

Maevatanana<br />

Maintirano Tsiroanomandidy Toamasina<br />

ANTANANARIVO<br />

Antsirabe<br />

Morondava<br />

Ambositra<br />

Toliara<br />

Fianarantsoa<br />

Ihosy<br />

Manakara INDIAN<br />

OCEAN<br />

Farafangana<br />

Ambovombe<br />

Tolanaro<br />

birdwatching.co.uk 83


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