The Ultimate Body Language Book
or sexist jokes that offend others of which the teller isn’t a part, can also tread on shaky ground. For example, it is generally accepted to make a joke about men, if you are male or likewise a woman if female but if white, making a black joke will appear racist rather than funny. This has roots in self deprecating humour, where making fun of yourself is fair game, but making fun of others can be rude with the wrong audience. While jokes that make fun of the opposite sex or members of other groups tend to elicit the most positive reaction, they are also the most risky. Jokes that make fun of a shared identity also tend to go over well. When unsure however, it’s best to use universal jokes or playful jokes and avoid potentially risky jokes. When on new turf, let your environment predict which jokes are most welcome. Chapter 6 - Smiles and Laughter The Purpose Of Humour, Bonding And Laughing A 1988 study by researcher Holdaway followed British police officers over two years with respect to humour and how it helps maintain social norms within the workplace and build cohesion between officers. Stories and jokes between new recruits and existing members helped transfer attitudes and feelings that were appropriate for the work environment. In essence, humour was use to welcome people in and also instruct them about how things work and what are the office norms. The research found that delivering messages with humour helps do it in a nonthreatening way. Smiles and laughter are often mentioned in the same breath, but their origins and purpose come from quite different places. The smile stems from an appeasement gesture rather than playfulness as we saw previously while laughter appears to stem from humour. Some recent research shows that this is only one facet of the laugh. Dr. Robert Provine a psychologist from the University of Maryland measured laughs in shopping malls and on sidewalks and found that laughing came at the expense of comments that were far from humorous. Comments such as “I see your point” and “put those cigarettes away” caused people to burst into laughter showing that laughter is more of a way to bond and formulate social relationships then purely as the result of jokes. In fact, only ten to twenty percent of laughter came from anything that even resembled something funny, showing that it is actually the person that is humorous rather than the actual comment. In other words, people were laughing to maintain bonds with the joke teller instead of as a response to the actual joke. He also found that subordinate people will laugh simply to appease more dominant people, and that dominant people exclude themselves from the laugh so as to maintain their dominance. Controlling laughter therefore, can help control our dominance or submission to others, as well as show our acceptance or rejection of others. Therefore, a polite laugh shows that we are at least “onboard” with a person even though we might not totally agree that what they have said is in fact funny. Laughter is a form of mirroring and communicates mutual liking and well-being. It can also be used to reduce the harshness of comments or even to take comments back. Humour is an innate vocalization that fosters a sense of community and can help in learning and in creativity. It helps break down walls between different people and can act like a social lubricant to bind people together. Laughter is thirty times more likely to happen in a social setting rather than alone and studies have shown that people don’t really seem to care if the laugh is fake or real, they still tend to like people more when they laugh versus doing nothing at all. Laughing helps us build bonds and even fake laughs help because at least it shows that we are trying.
Chapter 6 - Smiles and Laughter Is Laughter Unique To Humans? We aren’t the only ones to laugh. In fact, it might not be a surprise to learn that other primates laugh such as chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos and orangutans show laugh-like vocalizations, but you might be surprised to learn that dogs and rats laugh too! Rats emit short high frequency sounds during play or when tickled. The vocalization is so high pitched that humans can’t hear it. The rats have been found to have what is called “tickle skin” which is found on certain prominent areas over the body. Tickling between the experimenters and rats leads to social bonding and the rats are then conditioned to seek tickling. Dogs laugh as well. The laugh sounds very similar to a pant to the human ear, but with the help of specialized equipment burst of frequencies can be measured to indicate laughing. Just like in humans, the social laugh in dogs initiates play behaviour and decreases stress hormones. In a 2005 study conducted by Patricia Simonet, Donna Versteeg and Dan Storie where one- hundred-and-twenty dogs were measured across stress behaviours including growling, salivation, pacing, barking, panting, cowering, and lunging. The dogs were compared with each other across a baseline and found that when the laugh track recording was played, they showed an increase in tail wagging and displays of play face. They also showed more social behaviour such as approaching and lip licking. It seems therefore that humans aren’t the only ones to benefit from a good laugh! Most behavioural psychologists agree that animals and humans laugh in a much different way and while we both laugh for social reasons, animals still lack the underlying self-awareness to laugh exactly like we do so in that sense laughter is somewhat unique to humans. Chapter 6 - Smiles and Laughter Laughter Differences Between The Sexes Women laugh much more at the antics of men then do men at women. This suggests that men use laughter in courtship and that women use humour to measure a man’s general fitness and suitability as a partner. Certainly, personal classifieds advertisements suggest that this is so, as men list a good sense of humour frequently as quality they possess, whereas women advertise as seeking it. The trait is so pervasive in personal dating advertisements that it even has its own acronym GSOH (good send of humour). Even across culture and age, men are the laugh-getters whereas women as the laugh seekers. It has also been suggested that humour is a signal of cognitive fitness and women use it to gauge the desirability of men or perhaps as a display of their ability to out-compete other men. Humour is a measure of dominance, a social tool, and women gravitate to the dominant men who possess it. Male stand up comedians show many dominant traits not the least of which is to hold the attention of large groups and have them laugh at his jokes, which itself is seen as a submissive act. For this reason, stand up comedians also show leadership. Comedians such as David Letterman host of the Late Show or comedians such as Joe Rogan or Dane Cook. These men make their living by telling jokes. Their body language and the way they control audiences with their humour are testament to their ability to take control. Comedians are leaders even when we find them in our daily lives. They routinely stand up to hecklers, they influence our emotions and framework and at the same time make us laugh. When a strong joker
- Page 153 and 154: stance causing them to drop their a
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- Page 159 and 160: preparation for action so we won’
- Page 161 and 162: A second related nonverbal behavior
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- Page 165 and 166: This interest posture is hard to mi
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- Page 201 and 202: egardless of their emotional state.
- Page 203: is why it is important to surround
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- Page 213 and 214: obstruction from any limbs or objec
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- Page 217 and 218: Chapter 7 - Opened Mind Opened Body
- Page 219 and 220: Wrists displays shows comfort. I th
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- Page 223 and 224: parties hands might graduate away.
- Page 225 and 226: something. Rubbing the hands togeth
- Page 227 and 228: The “politicians gesture” comes
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- Page 231 and 232: Any time a part of the body crosses
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- Page 235 and 236: The coffee cup barrier - even drink
- Page 237 and 238: Cutting off ventral access is a clo
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or sexist jokes that offend others of which the teller isn’t a part, can also tread on shaky ground. For<br />
example, it is generally accepted to make a joke about men, if you are male or likewise a woman if<br />
female but if white, making a black joke will appear racist rather than funny. This has roots in self<br />
deprecating humour, where making fun of yourself is fair game, but making fun of others can be rude<br />
with the wrong audience. While jokes that make fun of the opposite sex or members of other groups<br />
tend to elicit the most positive reaction, they are also the most risky. Jokes that make fun of a shared<br />
identity also tend to go over well. When unsure however, it’s best to use universal jokes or playful<br />
jokes and avoid potentially risky jokes. When on new turf, let your environment predict which jokes<br />
are most welcome.<br />
Chapter 6 - Smiles and Laughter<br />
<strong>The</strong> Purpose Of Humour, Bonding And<br />
Laughing<br />
A 1988 study by researcher Holdaway followed British police officers over two years with respect to<br />
humour and how it helps maintain social norms within the workplace and build cohesion between<br />
officers. Stories and jokes between new recruits and existing members helped transfer attitudes and<br />
feelings that were appropriate for the work environment. In essence, humour was use to welcome<br />
people in and also instruct them about how things work and what are the office norms. <strong>The</strong> research<br />
found that delivering messages with humour helps do it in a nonthreatening way.<br />
Smiles and laughter are often mentioned in the same breath, but their origins and purpose come from<br />
quite different places. <strong>The</strong> smile stems from an appeasement gesture rather than playfulness as we saw<br />
previously while laughter appears to stem from humour. Some recent research shows that this is only<br />
one facet of the laugh. Dr. Robert Provine a psychologist from the University of Maryland measured<br />
laughs in shopping malls and on sidewalks and found that laughing came at the expense of comments<br />
that were far from humorous. Comments such as “I see your point” and “put those cigarettes away”<br />
caused people to burst into laughter showing that laughter is more of a way to bond and formulate<br />
social relationships then purely as the result of jokes. In fact, only ten to twenty percent of laughter<br />
came from anything that even resembled something funny, showing that it is actually the person that is<br />
humorous rather than the actual comment. In other words, people were laughing to maintain bonds with<br />
the joke teller instead of as a response to the actual joke.<br />
He also found that subordinate people will laugh simply to appease more dominant people, and that<br />
dominant people exclude themselves from the laugh so as to maintain their dominance. Controlling<br />
laughter therefore, can help control our dominance or submission to others, as well as show our<br />
acceptance or rejection of others. <strong>The</strong>refore, a polite laugh shows that we are at least “onboard” with a<br />
person even though we might not totally agree that what they have said is in fact funny.<br />
Laughter is a form of mirroring and communicates mutual liking and well-being. It can also be used to<br />
reduce the harshness of comments or even to take comments back. Humour is an innate vocalization<br />
that fosters a sense of community and can help in learning and in creativity. It helps break down walls<br />
between different people and can act like a social lubricant to bind people together. Laughter is thirty<br />
times more likely to happen in a social setting rather than alone and studies have shown that people<br />
don’t really seem to care if the laugh is fake or real, they still tend to like people more when they laugh<br />
versus doing nothing at all. Laughing helps us build bonds and even fake laughs help because at least it<br />
shows that we are trying.