AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE MARCH ISSUE

ISSUE 02 2014 

AFRICAN PEACE 

N1,000 / $ 6 / 4 

...Providing a friendly platform towards achieving peace in Africa 

A F R I C A N P E A C E MA G A Z I N E 

Bringing 

Peace Back To 

Guinea Bissau 

Fernando Jorge Almada 

Africa’s Energy Needs 

Alternative Power To 

The Rescue 

Maternity Tourism 

And The Dilemma 

Of Anchor Babies 

Rising Tide: 

Incidents Of Child 

Rape In Africa 

Tribute: 

Robert Mugabe 

At 90

19th June, 2014 

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NOTE 

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Joy Umekwe (UK) 

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info@africanpeacemag.org 

Some of the largest nations in Africa 

including some whose past elections 

have proven to be tumultuous will hold 

important elections this year and in the 

coming year, with outcomes that could 

affect the continents political landscape 

profoundly. 

These countries include Nigeria with her 

th 

general elections coming up on the 14 

February 2015, South African general 

th 

elections coming up on 7 May 2014, 

th 

Guinea Bissau general election 16 

March 2014, Libyan constituent 

assembly election and a host of others 

coming up afterwards. 

Nigeria and South Africa have entered 

the election fever season, with all the 

sound and fury that it brings. 

In this exclusive interview Mr Jorge 

Almada Fernando, Guinea Bissau's 

th 

Presidential candidate for the 16 March general elections, bares his mind on 

how to achieve peace in Guinea Bissau and the continent in general. 

In a continent battling with the reality of self determination, in a world now 

dotted with democracies, and the attendant revolutions. National votes in 

Nigeria, South Africa and Guinea Bissau should command significant attention 

as all have the ability to improve or set back the growth and overall stability of the 

continent. 

In these two huge African democracies of Nigeria and South Africa, corruption 

and lowered growth expectations will dominate political debate. The opposition 

parties seem weak so far, but voters in the two giants states look likely to spark a 

power change after more than a decade of consistent rule by one party. 

Also in Egypt, an interim regime promises parliamentary polls in the spring and a 

presidential ballot in summer all against a backdrop of questionable legitimacy 

and violent protests by the Islamists ousted after winning the last national 

elections. 

It should be noted that African economies easily rank among the most resilient in 

the world. In the middle of the 2009 global economic recession, Africa was the 

only region apart from Asia that grew positively, at about 2%. The continent's 

growth has been on an upward trajectory ever since then- 4.5% in 2010 and 5.0% 

in 2011 and we expect a better statistic for 2014 And it will get even better in 

nd 

2014. Africa is favorably positioned to become the 2 fastest growing region in 

the world. 

Africa is becoming an increasingly attractive hub for foreign investors in light of 

various economic, political and social reforms that are sweeping through the 

continent, resulting in a much improved business environment conducive for 

foreign direct investment. Apart from that, there is widespread development of 

critical social and physical infrastructure, and there is an increasing pool of welleducated, 

English-speaking, enterprising workers in most countries across the 

continent. 

There is also a significant boost in the spending power of Africans. According to 

the African Development Bank, ' Africas fast-emerging middle class is now 

comprised of over 300 million people, and analysts from the McKinsey Global 

Institute estimate that general consumer spending across the continent will hover 

past the $1 trillion mark next year. 

If you're a foreign investor who has yet to make a foray into Africa, now is the 

time to step in and capture a share of Africa's $1 trillion opportunity. These are 5 

lucrative sectors you should consider investing in agriculture, tourism, mining of 

solid minerals, infrastructure and fast moving consumer goods. 

To enjoy this wonderful opportunity we need a peaceful African continent. And 

this is the more reason why all hands must be on deck. With ongoing armed 

conflicts taking place around the continent and which continue to result in 

violent deaths. It would obviously negatively affect development in the African 

sub region. Areas affected include; Nigeria, Sudan, Central African Republic, 

Egypt, Libya and Mali just to mention but a few and many other pocket of 

insurgencies in most African nations, now is obviously the time to act. 

Welcome on board the Africans peace magazine's effort in providing a friendly 

platform towards achieving peace in Africa. 

Noah Ajare

C 

O 

N T E N T 

3 . Editorial / Publishers Note 

5 . Contents 

6 . Politics/Policy - Good Governance is 

the Best Vaccine Against Malaria 

7. Economy -Civil Unrest In Africa 

8 .Peace FootPrint - Irena Sendler 

10 .Article -The Right Of a Child to Access to 

Both parents in Matrimonial Causes In Africa 

12 . Cover Story - Bringing Peace Back To 

Guinea Bissau -Fernando Jorge Almada 

19. Energy- Africa’s Energy needs 

Alternative Power to the Rescue 

22 . Culture -Weird Culture In Africa 

24. Independence Page 

25 . Rising Tide - Incidents Of Child Rape 

26 . Places - Zimbabwe 

27. Peace Makers - UNESCO 

28 . Noble Nobel 

31 . Health - Hepatitis B Infection 

Silent Killer Disease 

33 .Issues -Maternity Tourism and the Dilemma 


35. Opinion - The Leadership Question 

36 . Fashion - Luscious Lips 

38 . Fashion - Mascara On Lashes 

39. Entertainment - African Richest musicians 

46. Tribute - Robert Mugabe Longest Serving 

African President

POLICY 

Good Governance 

Is The Best Vaccine 

Against Malaria 

By Elvis Iyorngurum 

The World Health Organizations' Malaria Report 2013, released in December 2013 indicates that the world 

has made remarkable gains in the fight against the disease, worldwide, including in Africa. 

According to the report, between 2000 and 2012, the scale-up of interventions led to a global drop in malaria 

infection rate, by 29% and 31% in the WHO African region. This, the report says, led to a reduction in the 

global malaria mortality rate by 45% and 49% in the WHO African region, within the same period. An 

estimated 3.3 million lives were saved, 90%, or 3 million, of these lives saved were in the under-five age 

group, in sub-Saharan Africa. 

In spite of these gains however, malaria still remains a big threat to the lives of millions across the world and 

particularly in Africa. An estimated 3.4 billion people are at risk of malaria infection, 1.2 billion of which are at 

high risk. In high-risk areas, more than one malaria case occurs per every 1000 population. 

In 20012, malaria claimed an estimated 627 000 lives. 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, 

and 77% occur in children under five. 

The World Health Assembly's global target is to reduce by 75%, deaths caused by malaria before the end of 

December 2015. With 22 months to the deadline, African governments and their development partners must 

double their current efforts. This is more so because of increasing concerns that the progress against malaria is 

at risk of slowing down. This concern has arisen out of the emerging resistance to drugs by the malaria 

parasite. In Africa, there is evidence also of an alarming increase against insecticides by mosquitoes. 

The implication is that governments must shift the concentration from treatment and focus more on 

prevention. In this regard, the current intensive distribution of mosquito treated nets must be sustained. 

New approaches to fighting malaria must include screening and treatment for individuals infected with the 

parasite, including those who do not show symptoms yet remain a source of transmission. Exciting scientific 

advances – including the development of better drugs and prevention tools - are making it increasingly more 

feasible and cost-effective to implement this approach and help eliminate the risk of malaria across the globe. 

The state of the environment is a very vital factor in the war against malaria. How much African governments 

have done in this regard remains a source of worry. Malaria occurs mostly among people within the low 

income bracket in society. This class is vulnerable because they often live in slums and environments that are a 

good breeding ground for mosquitoes and other vectors. People live next to mountains of refuse dump and 

drainages that are blocked and filled with waste and stagnant water. It is near-impossible for people to escape 

malaria infection in such places. The low economic strength of this segment of society also makes it difficult 

for them to access quality and efficient healthcare and many die of malaria because they cannot afford a dose 

of anti-malaria when they are infected by the parasite. 

Governments must therefore, design and implement policies that will ensure a quality and healthy 

environment for all their citizens, regardless of their social and economic status. 

Millions of lives have been saved in the efforts to combat malaria, yet the disease remains one of the world's 

deadliest killers. African leaders must sustain the current efforts, most of which have been made possible by 

the goodwill of foreign governments and international donor agencies. They must realize that there is a limit to 

which their efforts will help the fight and the larger responsibility falls on the quality of governance they 

render to the people. Poverty, for example, remains intricately tied to disease prevalence. African 

governments must therefore, increase the quality of governance they render their people, with specific efforts 

towards the creation of job opportunities, development of the needed infrastructure that will support smallscale 

investment and the guarantee of lives and property. These are the hallmarks of good governance, which 

remains the most potent weapon in the push for a malaria-free Africa. 

AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE / 6

CIVIL UNREST IN AFRICA 

Causing Investors Cold Feet 

Investment is a key driver of 

growth in any economy. It forms 

one of the fundamental bedrock 

to economic growth and 

sustainability. The African 

continent is blessed with abundant 

natural resources thereby 

attracting potential investors from 

developed and developing 

nations. Blessed as the region is, it 

is faced with so many difficulties: 

corruption, poverty bad 

governance, low economic 

growth, civil unrest, health 

problems, and the likes. 

Despite these challenges, the 

region has made visible 

appreciable achievements on a 

number of fronts. Today, there is 

increased market liberalization 

and privatization, improved 

access to education, greater 

infrastructural development, and 

so on. The continent in most parts 

is taking giant strides towards 

achieving sustainable growth and 

development. This effort is 

however constantly being 

sabotaged by the incessant civil 

unrests that keep springing up 

here and there. Although by no 

means isolated to one continent, 

Africa is especially blighted by 

such issues – from the Boko 

Haram in Nigeria to the M23 in the 

Democratic Republic of Congo. In 

Nigeria, the Boko Haram terrorist 

attacks have greatly shaken the 

nation's economic foundations. 

The stories are no different from 

t h o s e i n r e c e n t l y w a r‐ t o r n 

countries like South Sudan, Libya, 

Uganda and Democratic Republic 

of Congo. Foreign investors are 

getting unnerved and there is a 

sharp decline of Foreign Direct 

I n v e s t m e n t ( F D I ) . T h e y a r e 

gradually divesting their interest 

from the region and this loss of 

confidence is reflecting negatively 

on African economies. Even though 

African states know they can draw 

upon their rife natural resources to 

deal with challenges militating 

a g a i n s t t h e i r g r o w t h a n d 

development they are certainly not 

deluded in believing that their 

resources along are sufficient. 

This realization raises a need to 

create conducive and favorable 

environments that will attract and 

utilize foreign resources especially 

in the area of foreign direct 

investment. African governments 

must tackle the challenge of civil 

u n r e s t i n o r d e r t o a c h i e v e 

meaningful development. If an 

investor cannot adequately price 

risk, such an investment, cannot 

increase growth and employment. 

Adequate security measures must 

to be taken to safeguard investors. 

Companies need to be able to price 

risk – that is, plan reasonably 

successfully – in order to operate 

profitably. African states must find 

a way of ending these unrests and 

begin wooing new investors. 


In this edition of Peace Footprint, we 

look at the life of Irena Sendler, a 

Polish Nurse/social worker who 

saved the life of over 2,500 Jewish 

children during the Holocaust. The 

Nazis uncovered her activities, 

tortured her and sentenced her to 

death, but she managed to escape 

and survive the war. 

. In 1965, Sendler was recognized by 

the State of Israel as Righteous 

among the Nations. Later in life she 

was awarded Poland's highest honor 

for her wartime humanitarian 

efforts. She appears on a silver 2008 

Po l i s h c o m m e m o r a t i v e c o i n 

h o n o r i n g s o m e o f t h e Po l i s h 

PEACE FOOTPRINT 

Department, she had a special 

permit to enter the Warsaw 

Ghetto to check for signs of 

typhus – something the Nazis 

feared would spread beyond the 

Ghetto. During these visits, she 

wore a Star of David as a sign of 

solidarity with the Jewish people 

and so as not to call attention to 

herself. 

Professor Dwork, the author of 

“Children With a Star” (Yale 

University Press, 1991), said 

about 400 children had been 

directly smuggled out by Mrs. 

Sendler. She and her co‐workers 

buried lists of the hidden children 

IRENA SENDLER 

Every child saved with my help is the justification of my existence on this Earth, and not a title to glory 

Righteous among the Nations. 

Irena Sendler was born as Irena 

Krzyżanowska on 15 February 1910 

i n W a r s a w t o D r. S t a n i s ł a w 

Krzyżanowski, a physician, and his 

wife, Janina. Her father died in 

F e b r u a r y 1 9 1 7 f r o m t y p h u s 

contracted while treating patients 

whom his colleagues refused to treat 

in fear of contracting the disease, 

among them many Jews. After his 

death, Jewish community leaders 

offered her mother help in paying for 

Sendler's education. Sendler studied 

Po l i s h l i t e r a t u r e a t W a r s a w 

University, and joined the Socialist 

party. She opposed the ghettobench 

system that existed at some 

prewar Polish universities and 

defaced her grade card. As a result of 

h e r p u b l i c p r o t e s t s h e w a s 

suspended from the University of 

Warsaw for three years. She married 

Mieczyslaw Sendler, but the couple 

divorced in 1947. In 1947, she 

married Stefan Zgrzembski, a 

Jewish friend from her university 

days. They had three children, 

Janina, Andrzej (who died in infancy) 

and Adam (who died of heart failure in 

1999). She divorced Zgrzembski in 

1959, and remarried her first husband, 

Mieczyslaw Sendler. This rematch also 

failed. She lived in Warsaw for the rest 

of her life, and is survived by daughter, 

Janina "Janka" Zgrzembska. 

During the German occupation of 

Poland, Sendler lived in Warsaw (prior 

to that, she had lived in Otwock and 

Tarczyn while working for urban Social 

Welfare departments). As early as 1939, 

when the Germans invaded Poland, she 

began aiding Jews. She and her helpers 

c r e a t e d m o r e t h a n 3 , 0 0 0 f a l s e 

documents to help Jewish families, 

prior to joining the organized Żegota 

resistance and the children's division. 

Helping Jews in German‐occupied 

Poland meant all household members 

risked death if they were found to be 

hiding Jews, a punishment far more 

severe than in other occupied European 

countries. In August 1943, Sendler 

(known by her nom de guerre: Jolanta) 

was nominated by the underground 

Polish Council to Aid Jews Żegota, to 

head its Jewish children's section. As an 

employee of the Social Welfare 

in jars in order to keep track of 

their original and new identities. 

Żegota assured the children that, 

when the war was over, they 

would be returned to Jewish 

relatives. In 1943, Sendler was 

arrested by the Gestapo, severely 

tortured, and sentenced to death. 

Żegota saved her by bribing 

German guards on the way to her 

execution. She was listed on 

public bulletin boards as among 

t h o s e e x e c u t e d . F o r t h e 

remainder of the war, she lived in 

hiding, but continued her work for 

the Jewish children. After the war, 

she and her co‐workers gathered 

together all of their records with 

the names and locations of the 

hidden Jewish children and gave 

them to their Żegota colleague 

Adolf Berman and his staff at the 

Central Committee of Polish 

Jews. However, almost all of their 

parents had been killed at the 

Treblinka extermination camp or 

gone missing. 

On 14 March 2007, Sendler was 

honored by the Polish Senate.

FACTS ABOUT 

IRENA SENDLER 

. Aged 97, she was unable to leave 

her nursing home to receive the 

honor, but she sent a statement 

through Elżbieta Ficowska, 

whom Sendler had helped to save 

as an infant. Polish President Lech 

Kaczyński stated she "can justly 

be nominated for the Nobel Peace 

Prize”. Also in 2007 the Polish 

government presented her as a 

candidate for the Nobel Peace 

Prize. This initiative was officially 

supported by the State of Israel 

Born in Warsaw, Poland on February 15, 1910. 

Died in Warsaw on May 12, 2008 

She spent her young childhood in Otwock, Poland. 

Her father, Stanislaw Krzyzanowki, was a doctor and 

passed away with typhus when she was seven years 

old. 

She was an only child. 

She a ended Warsaw University. 

Sendler is the surname of her first husband. 

She married Stefan Zgrzebski a er World War II; he 

passed away with heart disease in the early '60s. Irena 

and Stefan had two children: their son Adam passed 

away with heart disease on 

Irena was dismissed from Warsaw University for failing 

to comply with Jewish segrega on laws. She was readmi 

ed one year later. 

Irena started making false documents for Jewish 

friends when the war started in 1939. 

Irena was an administrator at the Warsaw Social Work 

Department during the war. She did pose as a nurse in 

the Ghe o from me to me. 

She had a network of helpers who rescued people 

(adults and children) from the Warsaw Ghe o, made 

false papers for them and found hiding. 

The first children they took off the streets were the 

orphans. 

The network used dozens of ways to rescue children, 

including using a dog on a couple of occasions. The 

most common route was through the old courthouse. 

Irena was caught by the Gestapo and put in Pawiak 

Prison. She was tortured and had a leg and foot 

fractured. She had buried some of the names of the 

children in jars, along with the help of a friend, to 

reconnect the children to their Jewish families a er 

the war. 

Zegota bribed a guard to have Irena released in the 

night to a member of the Underground. She was 

scheduled to be executed. 

She remained in hiding throughout the rest of the war. 


even be adjourned to judge's 

chambers where in informal 

hearing the children's view 

could be assessed along with 

those of the parents.” 

There is one consideration 

which I think quite properly 

should enter into the mind of 

the final arbiter in such 

matrimonial cause, and that 

i s t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n , 

expressed by the ancient 

proverb that “Blood is thicker 

than water”: See Re A. (an 

infant) (Supra) per Evershed, 

M.R. 

THE RIGHT OF A CHILD TO ACCESS TO BOTH 

Barr. Victoria Francis 

PARENTS IN MATRIMONIAL CAUSES 

In matrimonial causes, it is commonplace to 

observe the bitter battle of gladiator-parents 

in the desperate contest for custody rights 

over the children of the marriage. In most 

cases, the embittered lovers barge each other 

with a retinue of interlocutory applications, 

brandishing their arguments and eliciting 

facts (including otherwise privileged 

communication) in the attempt to prove to be 

the better custodian of the child (or children) 

of the collapsing marriage, each proffering 

persuasions for the grant or refusal of such 

applications. 

In most cases, these embittered parents make 

much ado about the welfare and best interests 

of the child. Oftentimes, these spouses 

produce volumes of material provisions made 

for the material care of the child (children) in 

the hope that they would elicit the 

qualification of “better custodian of the child 

(or children)”. 

In a plethora of cases, the Courts have made 

resounding pronouncements on which spouse 

will best promote the welfare of the child in a 

matrimonial cause. The paramountcy of the 

best interests of the child has now become the 

parameter in determining the custody of the 

child, in matrimonial causes. 

Although it is now settled presumption of law 

that a child of tender years whose parents are 

separated would be happier with the mother 

unless it is abundantly clear that the contrary 

is the situation, not much has been said about 

the child's right to the complementary care of 

both parents during the pendency of the 

matrimonial cause. Very little is ever said 

about the right(s) of the child (or children) of 

the marriage to access the parents. 

The columnist has observed matrimonial 

cases where one spouse surreptitiously moves 

the child (or children) to an undisclosed 

location while fighting tooth and nail to 

oppose any and every attempt by the other 

spouse to access the offspring(s). 

In quite a number of cases, spouses who have 

custody of the children prior to the 

proceedings go to great lengths, including: 

restricting visits of the other spouse to the 

child or children at school, thereby depriving 

the child of the complementary care of the 

other parent. 

Does the child in a matrimonial cause, where 

the arbiter determines which parent would 

take custody of him/her, 

not have a right to access both parents? Would it not 

better serve the best interests of the psychological 

development of a child to retain the practical care of 

both parents, even though both parents choose to 

part with each other? 

At the time of writing this column, I stumbled on 

the pronouncement of Hon. Justice S. M. A. Belgore, 

JSC in the case of ODUGWU v. ODOGWU (1992) 1 

NSCC 337 – 338, where the learned jurist states as 

follows: 

“Welfare of a child is not the material provisions in 

the house – good clothes, food, air-conditioners, 

television, all gadgets normally associated with 

middle class – it is more of the happiness of the child 

and his psychological development. While it is good 

if a child is brought up by complementary care of the 

two parents living happily together, it is 

psychologically detrimental to this welfare and 

u l t i m a t e h a p p i n e s s a n d p s y c h o l o g i c a l 

development, if material care, available is denied 

him. … Welfare of the child is of paramount 

consideration. If possible the court could consult the 

child's wishes in considering what order ought to be 

made: Re A (an infant) (1955) 2 All ER 202 (also in 

(1955) 1 W.L.R. 465) …. Custody proceedings could 

In any case, Article 27 of the 

United Convention on the 

Rights of the Child clearly 

enshrines the right of every 

child to a standard of living 

adequate for the child's 

physical, mental, spiritual 

and social development. Does 

this right not also include the 

r i g h t o f a c h i l d t o t h e 

p s y c h o l o g i c a l s t a b i l i t y 

c r e a t e d b y t h e 

complementary care of both 

parents? 

While it is permissible that a 

child is entitled to access 

his/her parents during the 

pendency of matrimonial 

causes, it is mind boggling to 

note that the exercise of this 

right may not be 

justiciable, in all cases. The 

exercise of this right can, in 

itself, occasion risks to the 

psychological and, even, 

physical development of the 

child, - e.g. where the other 

parent is immoral or suffers 

from an infectious disease, 

insanity or is prone to treat 

the child cruelly. 

Be that as it may, the welfare 

of a child and his/her best 

interest in matrimonial 

causes is paramount. His/her 

wishes are also important, 

bearing in mind that they 

often bear the brunt of the 

bitter clashes of the putative 

titans 


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COVER STORY 

Bringing 

Peace Back To 

Guinea Bissau 


Humble, Accomplished, Charismatic, 

Calm, Passionate, Suave, and 

Distinguished; are a few words that 

can be used to describe Dr. Jorge 

Fernando Alves D'Almalda. The 

African Peace Magazine Team met 

with the presidential Candidate for 

the upcoming Guinea Bissau Election 

for an exclusive. He talks about the 

election, the policies he plans to 

implement should he become 

president and how he plans on 

curbing the excesses associated with 

violence in the country. Born in 

rd 

Guinea Bissau on 23 December 1965, 

this father of eight had his primary 

education at July 5 Primary School 

Bissau and his secondary education 

at the Kwame Nkrumah National High 

School Bissau. His passion for politics 

began at an early age when he 

joined the PAIGC party and a main 

speaker in the program Radio Blufo 

a i r e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l R a d i o 

Broadcasting Service which was 

aimed engaging in political activities. 

This former Director of Cabinet of the 

Minister of Social Solidarity, Family and 

Fight against Poverty, had his tertiary 

education at the University of Social 

Sciences, Toulouse, France, where he 

obtained a bachelors degree in 

Public International Law and another 

Bachelors degree in Political Science. 

He holds a Masters degree in Public 

International Law and wrote his PhD 

thesis on “The Principle of State 

S o v e r e i g n t y a n d t h e N e w 

International Policy Order Policy”. 

African Peace Magazine met with Dr. 

Jorge at his ECOWAS office where he 

currently heads the Social Affairs 

D i v i s i o n i n t h e D i r e c t o r a t e o f 

Humanitarian and Social Affairs of 

the ECOWAS where he spoke about 

his plans for his dear country, his 

aspirations and inspiration. 


COVER STORY 

You are a candidate for Presidential 

election in 2014. What do you think 

you can do if you are elected 

president? 

If elected president my first mission 

would be bring to lasting peace to 

Guinea-Bissau. It is time to end all 

hostilities. We need to fight to 

eradicate poverty more actively and 

change the negative image of 

Guinea-Bissau. 

“Peace, national reconciliation, 

economic revival and war against 

poverty” 

Taking into consideration the fact that the end of the 

st 

transition period was set on 31 December 2013, what is 

the feasibility of the general elections holding in 2014? 

There are many challenges as I have earlier said. These 

difficulties have led to postponements and shifting of 

election dates. The ECOWAS and the international 

st 

community had earlier fixed the 31 December 2013 for the 

elections but had it rescheduled so the challenges I had 

earlier mentioned would be taken into consideration and 

sorted. Any further delays or postponements would be a 

major setback to the development of Guinea-Bissau. For the 

sanctions placed on the country's Transition Government it is 

absolutely necessary that the elections hold for any 

meaningful development to take place . 

Your nation has experienced a longstanding 

challenge with electoral 

p r o c e s s e s a n d s u s t a i n a b l e 

democracy. What structures do you 

think the present government should 

establish to forestall such electoral 

hiccups in future? 

You know that democratic process in 

Guinea-Bissau started in 1994. This 

marked the beginning of democratic 

process and multiparty system. The 

1994 election was very successful and 

well organised. There have also been 

other elections after 1994. The 2013 

elections could not hold due to 

several challenges. The elections had 

to be postponed to allow the 

a u t h o r i t i e s t o a d d r e s s t h e s e 

challenges and to put in place 

structures that would allow for free 

and fair elections. One the biggest 

problem is the lack of a completely 

autonomous and independent 

electoral body to conduct credible 

elections without any influence or 

partiality. Other problems include 

poor voter education, electoral fraud, 

inadequate logistics, very low voter 

confidence, frequent postponements 

of election timetable and inadequate 

ballot materials. For example there 

were only thirty (30) electoral kits 

available for the entire country. All 

these issues need to be addressed for 

us to have credible elections in 2014. I 

believe the elections will hold on the 

th 

16 of March 2014 if I'm not mistaking. 

Recently, the UN established a UN Integrated Peace Building 

Office in Guinea Bissau and some other West African nations, 

how do you think this will further the cause of peace in your 

nation? 

The issue of peace in Guinea-Bissau is a crucial and 

reoccurring decimal. In the absence of peace there can be 

no development, foreign investments and aids. The United 

Nations Organisation established the United Nations 

Integrated Peace-Building Office in Guinea-Bissau otherwise 

known as U.N.I.O.G.B.I.S which was once headed by Shola 

Omoregie is mandated to address issues of peace, 

development and reintegration of Guinea-Bissau. If you pay 

close attention to the current events in Guinea-Bissau you 

would have noticed that there are tribal tensions and 

religious conflicts going on. I am of the view that peace must 

first be established before any meaningful developments 

can take place. If elected president, my strategy would be 


COVER STORY 

president, my strategy would be 

t o e m b a r k o n m a s s i v e 

sensitisation campaigns to 

educate the people on the 

need to shun violence and 

embrace democratic values. I 

would also engage all the key 

actors such as the international 

community, civil societies, 

political parties and the people 

in addressing these issues 

collectively. I aim to promote 

unity, peaceful co-existence 

and development in Guinea- 

Bissau. As I had stated earlier “a 

nation cannot thrive in chaos” 

nobody would be willing to 

invest in such a country. 

Like many other West African nations, conflicts have been a 

perennial feature in Guinea Bissau since independence 

posing significant challenges to regional security, How 

would you make Guinea Bissau rise up to this challenge if 

you get elected? 

Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since 

gaining her independence. Between 1956 to 1974 during 

the armed struggle for her independence, a lot of arms 

found their way into many homes in the entire region. And 

the result is that there is a proliferation of arms in Guinea- 

Bissau which have helped fuel religious, tribal and political 

tensions and conflicts. 

There is therefore a need to educate and enlighten the 

citizens of Guinea-Bissau on the benefits of dialogue, the 

menace of armed conflicts and the importance and 

benefits of peaceful coexistence. There have been too 

many coups, attempted coups, assassinations, murders 

and a civil war. All these have only resulted in 

underdevelopment, stagnation, unproductivity and 

frustration for the citizens of Guinea-Bissau. 

These conflicts could spread to other countries like cholera if 

they are not addressed urgently. Even though the United 

Nations and the ECOWAS have put some measures on 

ground to address these issues, more needs to be done. 

One area in which more could be done is in terms of reforms. 

The security and defence force of Guinea-Bissau need 

sweeping reforms to be equip it to function in a democratic 

environment under elected officials. 

Emerging threats to peace include 

D r u g / H u m a n t r a f fi c k i n g a n d 

organised crime. To what extent 

would you say that illiteracy, 

poverty and religious extremism 

have contributed to these? 

Drug trafficking is a big problem 

globally. Even though some people 

have wrongfully labelled Guinea- 

Bissau as a Narcotic State, it is far 

from the truth. While there may be 

government officials or an 

individual who help facilitate drug 

and human trafficking but that 

doesn't make Guinea-Bissau a 

narcotic state. Moreover Guinea- 

Bissau lacks the capacity or power 

to tackle the menace of human 

and drug trafficking on her own. 

Combating drug or even human 

trafficking requires international 

cooperation. Due to internal 

conflicts and porous borders, 

Guinea-Bissau is not able to police 

her borders adequately to prevent 

such illicit trades by Latin American 

drug dealers. If elected I would 

promote international cooperation 

in dealing with trans-border crime 

to curb the menace drastically. 


COVER STORY 

Secondly the illiteracy level in 

Guinea-Bissau continues to remain 

high. My vision is to promote 

compulsory education for children 

and mass adult literacy campaign It 

is through mass literacy that we can 

enlighten our citizens, promote 

peace and encourage foreign 

direct investments. Illiteracy has the 

tendency to expand problems. For 

example an illiterate is likely to view 

drug trafficking as a good way to 

make money without being aware 

of its danger to the society. 

Thirdly poverty is very prevalent in 

Guinea-Bissau. Many years of 

conflicts have left the people poor 

and vulnerable. In my time with the 

Ministry of Social Solidarity working to 

reduce poverty, I had experienced 

first-hand the abject poverty 

prevalent in Guinea-Bissau. Its easy 

to recruit a poor person to commit an 

a t r o c i t y w i t h t h e p r o m i s e o f 

remuneration. If the people are 

economically empowered, their 

standard of living would increase 

and crime rates will also drop. 

The issues of drug trafficking, human 

trafficking, illiteracy and poverty are 

an explosive cocktail for Guinea- 

Bissau. No meaningful development 

c a n t a k e p l a c e w i t h o u t fi r s t 

addressing these issues. 

A more recent development is that 

of religious conflicts which as a result 

of the influence of extremists' 

movements coming in from northern 

Africa. This problem also has to be 

dealt with internally and through 

international cooperation. 

Africa as a continent is continually hailed as potentially great. 

What steps would you advise that this generation take to 

make that an actual reality as against the potentiality? 

It's true that Africa is potentially rich; however the reality on 

ground suggest otherwise. The people of Africa continue to 

wallow in sickness and poverty. It is said that 10 of the 15 

potentially great nations are African countries. Between 2000 

to 2014, the direct foreign investment rose from 19 to 60 billion 

Dollars. This show an increase in confidence towards the 

African market. The major problem is transforming these 

figures into reality for the average African as the wealth seems 

to be concentrated in the hands of a certain few. For 

development to occur an equitable distribution of resources is 

essential. 

The legality of same sex relations remains a debate in the 

forefront of Global discourse. What in your opinion should be 

Guinea Bissau's stand on the same sex relations controversy? 

This issue is a very controversial topic that is generating diverse sentiments and opposing views. In African 

cultures the concept of same sex relationship is a taboo as it is totally forbidden and unacceptable. Same 

sex marriages and relationships have been outlawed in many African countries constitution, carrying stiff 

penalties. European countries have opposed these laws against same sex relationships and view them as 

a violation of human rights. But in these countries where these laws exist, they exist by popular mandate of 

the people through their representatives in parliament as is the case with Guinea-Bissau. The issue of 

legalization of same sex relationship has not yet risen in Guinea-Bissau; if it does it will be deliberated upon 

using constitutional means opened to everyone for debate. I am heterosexual but I respect the rule of 

law and a person's right to pick how he or she chooses to live. But we must abide by our constitution. 


ICT is being hailed as the bridge 

st 

between 1 world and the 3rd world. 

Has Guinea Bissau leveraged this 

bridge? 

In other countries around Africa 

there exists a digital space. Internet 

access in Guinea-Bissau is every 

limited, expensive and difficult to 

operate. There is a lot of work to be 

done in this area to make internet 

access available in Guinea –Bissau. If 

elected president I would invest in 

I C T , e n c o u r a g e t r a i n i n g a n d 

capacity building in ICT. I would 

make ICT education compulsory 

from the elementary to the tertiary 

level. I would encourage direct 

foreign and local investment by 

providing an enabling environment 

for ICT development through the 

provision and development of 

necessary infrastructures and 

policies. ICT is a veritable tool for 

social and economic development. 

T h e f o s t e r i n g o f p e a c e f u l 

coexistence between Nigerians and 

y o u r c o u n t r y m e n s h o u l d b e 

imperative to both Nigeria and 

Guinea Bissau. How well have both 

nations fared in terms of harmonious 

living? 

COVER STORY 

What is your counsel to Africans 

resident in Guinea Bissau and vice 

versa? 

All Africans including Nigerians living 

in Guinea-Bissau are welcome to 

invest, live and help develop the 

country by engaging in positive and 

lawful practices. If I am elected 

president, I would encourage 

regional integration, movement, 

trade and investment as tools for 

development. 

I look around your office and i notice 

the pictures of Barack Obama all 

around. Would I be right to assume 

he serves as an inspiration to you? 

Obama for me represents hope. Of 

course in Africa we have had great 

leaders who have served their 

people selflessly. Such great leaders 

inspire me. Obama for example is a 

young, charismatic and brilliant 

leader. Indeed as the first black 

president of America Obama 

represents hope that if we as Africans 

aspire to greatness we can achieve 

our goals and realize our dreams. 

There is hope indeed for Africa. 

The relationship between Guinea- 

Bissau and Nigeria is very cordial. 

Both countries belong to the same 

economic and political block the 

ECOWAS. As ECOWAS member 

States, there is a strong bilateral tie 

between the two countries. There 

are many Nigerians living and 

working in Guinea-Bissau. As 

ECOWAS citizens Nigerians are free 

and encouraged to move and go 

about their business legitimately. 

Except for the misunderstanding 

involving some Nigerian in October 

2013 which led to disputes; Nigerians 

in have had no cause to be alarmed. 

Many Nigerians are married and 

settled in Guinea-Bissau. 


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ENERGY 

Africa's Energy Needs, 

Alternative Power to the Rescue 

By Elvis Iyorngurum 

Access to energy remains a key factor in Africa's quest for 

development. Industrialization, education, mechanized 

agriculture, water supply etc, all depend on sufficient and 

efficient supply of electricity to thrive. For much of the 

continent however, access to energy remains a wish that is 

far-fetched. Even in the urban areas where there is 

considerable level of development, electricity supply is 

often scarce and unreliable. Many businesses depend on 

private power plants to run their production processes. This 

raises the cost of production and with the increasing influx 

of cheap goods from Asia they find it hard to match up to the 

competition and are soon pushed out of the market. This is 

just a little picture of how lack of energy supply is being a 

heavy impediment to the continent's drive for economic 

prosperity. 

The inability of governments in Africa to make electricity 

available and affordable to their citizens has been attributed 

chiefly to the high cost of electricity generation and 

distribution. As the governments continue to explore 

cheaper and safer means of generating power for their 

citizens, a remarkable development in their efforts is their 

resort to alternative sources of power generation. This is not 

only in conformity with world's quest for green energy, but 

also the continent's appreciation of its vast resources that 

could make it the world leader in clean and safe 

energy generation. 

Africa is indeed, demonstrating that it is an ideal 

location for the application of renewable energy 

technology. At the moment, there are already 

small-scale solar, wind and geothermal plants set 

up in many countries across the continent. The 

plants cater for the power needs of communities in 

remote places where the cost of reaching them 

with electricity supply from the large power 

stations in the urban areas. 

Wind and wave power are viable ways to come by 

alternative energy, as Africa's long coastline on the 

east coast has plentiful wind and wave power if 

properly utilized. The Board of Directors of the 

African Development Bank approved $150 

million for a wind power project in Kenya's Lake 

Turkana region. Kenya's power generation 

capacity will grow by 300MW. This project will 

allow the Great Rift Valley region to be connected 

to the rest of the country with a road, fiber-optic 

cable and electrification. 

Morocco has launched one of the world's largest

and most ambitious solar energy projects. Called 

the Moroccan Solar Plan, it is regarded as a high 

point on the country's path towards a secure and 

sustainable energy supply. Morocco, being the 

largest energy importer in North Africa, is making 

concerted efforts to reduce its reliance on imported 

fossil fuels. 

The aim of the plan is to generate 2 GW of solar 

power by the year 2020 by building five large solar 

power projects with modern solar thermal, 

photovoltaic and concentrated solar power 

mechanisms. 

With a population of over 160 Million people, 

Nigeria is the seventh most populous country in the 

world and is Africa's second largest economy, after 

South Africa, yet over sixty percent of Nigeria's 

population has no access to electricity. Nigeria's 

federal government awarded a contract to Siemens 

to build three gas-turbine power plants under its 

National Integrated Power Project (NIPP). Nigeria 

has one of the largest gas reserves in the world and 

the country is keen on harnessing it, alongside 

wind and hydroelectric generation to meet the 

country's target of generating 10,000 megawatts 

before the end of 2014. 

The government has also initiated the 10 MW Katsina Wind 

Farm. The wind farm consists of 37 wind turbines with a 

rated power of 275 KW each, which will go a long way in 

realizing the government's target. The project was awarded 

to the French company, Vergnet S.A as the EPC contractor. 

In the Democrat Republic of Congo (DRC), the government 

is attempting to harness the potential of the Congo River by 

building the world's largest hydroelectric project, named 

Grand Inga. Its 40 GW output would move Africa into a new 

world of industrialization, potentially lighting up the 

continent from Cape Town in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt. 

If the Grand Inga Hydropower Project is built, it would 

dwarf China's Three Gorges Dam, which is currently the 

world's largest energy generating project, with almost 

double its capacity. 

Africa has a very long way to go in its quest to light up its 

cities and villages but what is certain is that the continent has 

commenced the journey. The slow pace of progress 

notwithstanding, it is remarkable that the continent has 

appreciated the abundant opportunities in its sunshine, wind, 

gas reserves and huge water bodies and its efforts at 

harnessing these blessings of nature as a tool for the 

liberation of its peoples from the vicious hold of poverty and 

stagnation that has been occasioned by lack of 

industrialization. 


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CULTURE 

WEIRD CULTURE 

IN AFRICA 

Africa is undoubtedly one of the most 

blessed continents in the world. Filled 

with abundance of natural resources, 

beautiful landscapes you can't get 

enough of looking at, to the amazing 

people and culture. The diversity in 

religion, ethnicity ad tradition makes 

Africa what it is today. But some 

traditions are........ well, a bit diverse 

which makes a person who is not a 

part of the tradition to wonder which 

planet your ancestors migrated from. 

But I say it is the tradition and culture 

that makes us who we are no matter 

how unusual or strange it is. 

LOBOLA 

This tradition has to do with the 

institution of marriage. Families of 

bride and groom will be punished if 

they didn't agree to this tradition. 

Lobola involves negotiation of price 

that groom will pay to marry the girl. 

T h e L o b o l a p r o c e s s i s o f t e n 

complicated and has certain protocols 

that have to be adhered to. For 

example, although the two families 

concerned might have lived next to 

each other for years, all negotiation 

b e t w e e n t h e p a r e n t s m u s t b e 

conducted in writing and not by 

telephone or by a quick visit. The 

reason for this seemingly absurd rule 

is that although the families might 

have known each other for years, they 

do not know each other on the level of 

the Lobola exchange. In other words, 

they do not know each other at the 

level of the seriousness and sanctity of 

marriage. 


ANKOLE 

In Ugandan Ankole culture (or 

Banyankole as they call themselves), it 

is not unusual for a groom to have sex 

with his bride's aunt before sleeping 

with his wife. The aunt's wedding gi 

to her niece was to teach her 

everything she knew about being a 

wife, looking a er the home and 

pleasing a man. It is also considered 

her duty to confirm the sexual potency 

of the groom. This can be done by 

listening in or watching as the bride 

and groom have sex! Some mes the 

aunt's duty of teaching her niece how 

to be a wife will go as far as the aunt 

showing the bride prac cally on the 

wedding night how to please her 

husband by sharing the groom's bed. 

She can also prove his sexual potency 

this way. 

LATWOKA 

In Latwoka , a tribe in Sudan, If a man 

wants to marry a girl, he kidnaps her. 

A er kidnapping elderly people of his 

family go to girl's father and ask for her 

hand. If girl's father agrees he beats 

the guy as a symbol of acceptance and 

if he doesn't agree, the kidnapper 

marries the girl forcefully. 

CHEWA 

This is probably the most disturbing of 

all. The Chewa people have this burial 

ritual. When somebody belonging to 

Chewa culture dies, his rela ves take 

the dead body to a sacred place, take a 

knife, slit the throat open. They then 

pour water through to clean the 

bowels of all filth by squeezing the 

stomach to let it all out through the 

rear, stopping only when the water is 

clean. 

Now the worst part is that they use 

this water to cook the food for the rest 

of the people. 

SAN 

The San people are simple arid 

dwellers they live off the land by 

gathering and hun ng, they are more 

popularly known as Bushmen and can 

be found in far regions like South 

Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and 

Mozambique. Well known as prolific 

hunters who are famed at warding off 

lions with arrows and s cks. The major 

challenge for the San people is water 

since their land is prone to severe 

drought and hash desert condi ons. 

They have the ancient knowledge of 

the land and easily know where to find 

a water source by using basic tools like 

s cks. They live in small communal 

groups and the women help out 

through gathering of insects, tubers 

and edible shrubs, the dress code is 

animal skin made into leather and 

worn waist down leaving the top bare. 

KIRIBATI 

Republic Of Kiriba , is an island na on 

in the central tropical pacific ocean. 

Kiriba people have a belief that 

different types of seafood consumed 

whilst pregnant will bestow different 

characteris cs upon the unborn child. 

It is deemed that on no account may a 

pregnant woman touch crayfish 

because it could cause her child to 

grow s ff hairs on its face. Turtle and 

eel should be avoided because they 

are deemed "crawlers". Ea ng 

crawlers will impart a cowardly nature 

on the child. Fla ish is also a big no as it 

has both eyes on one side of its head, a 

characteris c which you don't want to 

be passed on to the baby. Just think 

about how difficult it'll be for the poor 

kid to look both ways before crossing 

the road. Also consuming any slowmoving 

sea creature is feared to cause 

sluggishness and idleness in the 

unborn. However, shark and swordfish 

are celebrated as great things to eat 

whilst pregnant. The nature of them as 

figh ng creatures is thought to inspire 

strength and courage in the child. 

SHARO 

Sharo is one of the craziest and most 

inhuman tradi ons you can ever 

have. Some villages in Mali, Nigeria 

a n d C a m e ro o n p ra c c e t h i s 

tradi on by publicly bea ng a boy, 

who has come of age and wants to 

take a wife. He is beaten by a 

challenger and he has to suppress 

the signs of pain. If he is able to take 

the bea ng successfully he is 

declared a real man and if he fails, 

he simply cannot take a wife. Many 

people lose their lives while proving 

SOMALIA 

In Somalia it is forbidden to be licked 

by a dog! If a Muslim touches the 

saliva of a dog then he or she must 

wash their hands seven mes 

before praying. This is true for all of 

Islamic Somalia as in Islam a dog's 

saliva is deemed impure. Modern 

science has indeed proved there are 

numerous germs in the saliva of a 

dog that can be harmful to humans 

and pass on diseases. It is also 

deemed Haram (or forbidden) to 

keep a dog unless it is for the 

purposes of hun ng or protec on. 

ZIMBABWE 

In Zimbabwe, there exists the 

contro vers i a l c u stom w h i c h 

r e q u i r e s a y o u n g g i r l o f 

marriageable age to undergo a 

'virginity test'. This is performed by 

inser ng a finger into the girl's 

vagina to verify her hymen is 

unbroken. This may take place in 

churches or at home as well as at 

ceremonies sanc oned by rural 

chiefs. The prac ce may be carried 

out by the girl's mother, aunt, 

prospec ve husband or even just a 

neighbor! 




THE AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE WISHES TO CELEBRATE 

WITH THESE COUNTRIES ON THEIR INDEPENDENCE THIS MARCH. 

MOROCCO 2ND MARCH 1956 GHANA 6TH MARCH 1957 

MAURITIUS 12TH MARCH 1968 TUNISIA 20TH MARCH 1956 

NAMIBIA 21ST MARCH 1990

INCIDENTS OF CHILD RAPE IN AFRICA 

In Africa today, rape is a monster on rampage. Barely a day passes by without stories of women or children being 

raped. The statistics are staggering. No doubt, rape, no matter the form it takes is unequivocally detestable. 

There is however, a sickening variant dangerously gaining ground in African countries – the rape of minors. Last 

year in South Africa, two toddlers were kidnapped, raped and killed in Dietsloop Township and their bodies 

dumped in a public toilet. In Ituridistrict of eastern Congo, 59 children aged between 1‐3 years old were raped, 

while those between ages 5‐15 were 182 in number. Two thirds of raped victims in Liberia in 2013 were children. 

While 60% of women raped in South Africa, 15% are children below 11 years. Just recently in Akwa Ibom state, 

Nigeria, an eight year old girl was serially raped to death by some men. The stories are endless. The statistics are 

rising. 

Sadly, most of these cases often go unreported or unpunished. Most times, the perpetuators of these heinous 

crimes are friends or close relatives. Parents or guardians of victims in these circumstances usually choose to 

stay mute, for fear of stigmatization or choose to “settle the matter within the family”. Where reported, law 

enforcement agents handle the matters unimpressively, or prosecution of the cases are carried out without 

diligence, thereby robbing the victims of the justice they deserve. 

One is impelled to ask, could this surging wave of sexual assault on minors be attributable to decline of moral 

standards and cultural values in Africa? Could it be lack of existing laws or poor enforcement measures? Where 

we stand today though, the reasons do not matter as much as what measures ought to be taken in dealing with 

this endemic. 

The rape of minors has terrible ramifications not only for the victims, but society at larger. This has necessitated 

the adoption of various methods of tackling this menace. Countries like Denmark, Russia, Poland and more 

recently, Macedonia, have adopted chemical castrating as penalty for persons who sexually assault children. 

Some countries prescribe imprisonment for a term of years. In some quarters, there have been calls for the 

prescription of death sentence for child rapists. 

Whatever approved punishment African countries choose to adopt or modify, they must put into consideration 

the workability and enforceability of same, the possibility of such punishment serving as positive deterrent, and 

the need to tackle this problem with a heightened sense of urgency. 

For the individual to the government, from religions organization and non‐government organization, loud 

voices must be raised, Action must be taken. This monster must be contained. 


From Victoria Falls to the Zambezi River, to Photographic 

Safaris and Bungee jumping, Zimbabwe stands as one of 

the most beau ful countries in Africa. Its richness in 

culture and colour is a beauty to behold. If you plan to visit 

Zimbabwe you can join a tour group, or pay and plan your 

own trip, then a country of charm, poli cal intrigue and 

magnificent wilderness awaits. No ma er who you are 

and where you come from, Zimbabwe has something for 

you. 

English is the official language of Zimbabwe, though only 

2% consider it their na ve language, mainly the white and 

coloured (mixed race) minori es. The rest of the 

popula on speak Bantu languages like Shona and 

Ndebele. English is spoken primarily in the ci es, but less 

so in rural areas. Zimbabwe is blessed with exquisite 

nature and breath taking sceneries that will remain stuck 

in your memory for the rest of me. 

PLACES 

ZIMBABWE 

BUNGEE JUMP 

HWANGE NATIONAL PARK 

VICTORIA FALLS FLIGHT OF ANGELS 

CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS 

LAKE KARIBA 


PEACE MAKERS 

Peace Makers, exists to recognise 

organisational/institutional efforts in 

peace building and elimination of all 

elements of violence. This edition, we 

look at the United Nations Educational, 

Scientific and Cultural Organisation 

(UNESCO). UNESCO, was established 

after WWII to create and maintain peace 

through economic, social or political 

agreements. But this is no longer enough 

today. The foundations of peace still 

need to be laid, with the help of the 

specialized agencies which make up the 

United Nations system such as 

UNESCO. Made up of 196 member 

states and 9 associate members, 

UNESCO has national and regional 

offices scattered around the globe with 

its headquarters in Paris, France. 

UNESCO pursues its objectives through 

five major programs: education, natural 

sciences, social and human sciences, 

culture, and communication and 

UNESCO 

Founded on November 4, 1946, 

UNESCO, being referred to as the 

"intellectual" agency of the United 

Nations, exists to bring this creative 

intelligence to life; for it is in the minds 

of men and women that the defences of 

peace and the conditions for sustainable 

development must be built. At a time 

when the world is looking for new ways 

to build peace and sustainable 

development, people must rely on the 

power of intelligence to innovate, 

expand their horizons and sustain the 

hope of a new humanism. UNESCO 

promotes, among other things a culture 

of Peace and Non-Violence which is a 

commitment to peace-building, 

mediation, conflict prevention and 

resolution, peace education, education 

for non-violence, tolerance, acceptance, mutual respect, intercultural and 

interfaith dialogue and reconciliation. In UNESCO's view, since wars begin in 

the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be 

constructed. 

ON PEACE AND NON-VIOLENCE. 

UNESCO's Director-General, “Peace is more than the absence of war, it is living 

together with our differences – of sex, race, language, religion or culture – while 

furthering universal respect for justice and human rights on which such 

coexistence depends”. Therefore, peace is a choice to be made on each situation, 

an everyday life decision. With a view to foster conditions where such every day 

peace is a tangible reality for all, UNESCO has established a new Programme to 

enhance a culture of peace and non-violence at global, regional, national and 

local levels, which will aim at the following results: 

*Fundamental principles of peace universally shared to be appropriated by 

different cultures, thanks to a genuine dialogue and mainstreamed into public 

policies; 

*Tension between universality and particularism, cultural identities and 

citizenship in a globalized world analyzed and better understood; 

*Everyday Peace to be conceived as an everyday living experience, not only in 

periods of conflict, but also in ordinary times. 

The culture of peace and non-violence is a commitment to peace-building, 

mediation, conflict prevention and resolution, peace education, education for 

non-violence, tolerance, acceptance, mutual respect, intercultural and interfaith 

dialogue and reconciliation. It is a conceptual as well as a normative framework 

envisaged to inspire thoughts and actions of everyone. Therefore, it requires 

cognitive as well as the emotional abilities to grapple with our own situation in a 

rapidly changing world as well as with the emerging world society. Sustainable 

Peace and Development cannot be achieved by one person or organisation alone. 

It takes the collective effort and decision of each person to decide to be on the 

side of peace. 

To learn more about UNESCO, visit: www.unesco.org 


NOBLE NOBEL 

6 MOST CONTROVERSIAL 

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS. 

Since its inception, the Nobel Peace Prize has endlessly recognised individual and 

organisational efforts in promoting peace. These immeasurable efforts have undergone severe 

scrutiny and are being subjected to both approval and disapproval of concerned people. 

Different calibres of people have received the Noble Peace Prize ranging from peace and 

political activists to writers and even scientists. Although its aim is to acknowledge great 

strides in peace, and advancement and unity of mankind, the Nobel Peace Prize has been 

awarded to some people whose lifestyle, attitude and behaviour has been questions. These 

are people with violent pasts or have been exposed for lying in the so-called factual work that 

earned them the award. Here are the top 6 African Peace Magazine's most controversial 

Nobel Peace Prize winners. 


WANGARI MAATHAI 2004 

Wangari Maathai was the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. 

She received the award for her efforts in empowering rural women in Kenya to 

reverse deforestation. She was a human rights advocate, politician, feminist, 

and an environmentalist. The one time Kenyan Deputy Minister of 

Environment won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 but her sweet victory was 

superceeded by an 'alleged' comment she made. The day before she was due to 

collect the peace prize in Stockholm, a story appeared in an African newspaper 

that claimed she had likened Aids to a "biological weapon" and told participants 

in an Aids workshop that the disease was "a tool" to control Africans "designed 

by some evil-minded scientists." Maathai confronted the storm of controversy by 

insisting her comments had been taken out of context. "I neither say nor believe 

that the virus was developed by white people or white powers in order to destroy 

the African people," she said in a statement released by the Nobel committee. 

"Such views are wicked and destructive." She was described by TIME as 

someone who "inspired women to stand up for themselves against a corrupt and 

th 

patriarchal government. She died on September 24 2011 in Nairobi, Kenya. 

BARRACK OBAMA 2009 

As America's first Black president, Barrack Obama was chosen for his 

"extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation 

between peoples," which raised more than a few eyebrows, considering the 

nomination came just 12 days after he took office. At the time he accepted the 

award, he said it was an award he didn't deserve, four years down the line, 

people seem to agree with him. Lots of people. One is Kirsten Powers who said 

it's time for Obama to give his Nobel Peace prize back. She cites his 

determination to attack Syria, with or without a UN Security Council 

resolution, as one reason; the escalation of a "pointless and failing" war in 

Afghanistan is another. But the main reason Obama should turn in his prize is 

his "five-year Middle East drone war" which has killed an estimated "500 to 800 

innocents", writes Powers. 

The Nobel Committee was accused of having political motivations. For their 

part, the committee acknowledged the award honored Obama's "efforts" to 

advance global harmony rather than his concrete achievements to date. 

RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ 1992 

RigobertaMenchú won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 for I, RigobertaMenchú, 

her autobiographical account of her life as a Mayan and, more specifically, the 

genocide of the indigenous Guatemalan people in the late '70s and early '80s. 

Menchú's book was first published in 1982 and would eventually be translated 

into 12 different languages, making it one of the first cohesive accounts of the 

atrocities against the Mayans and garnering international interest that would 

lead to her Nobel Peace Prize win. But did everything in Menchú's book really 

happen the way she described? Thanks to the work of American anthropologist 

David Stoll, Menchú's book — and her Nobel Peace Prize — became the topic of 

great debate after he discovered that she had stretched the truth to make her 

story more emotionally persuasive. Menchú was not, as she had written, 

entirely uneducated, and she did not witness the torture and murder of her 

brother (although her mother did.) While Stoll supported Menchú's win 

regardless of these discrepancies, he also pointed out that Menchú's account 

was not a realistic portrayal of what actually caused the genocide to take place. 


HENRY KISSINGER 1973 

Easily one of the most controversial Nobel Peace Prize winners of all time is 

Henry Kissinger, who was a joint winner in 1973 with North Vietnamese leader 

Le DucTho. Le DucTho rejected the award, given for the pair's peace work in 

South Vietnam, because he felt that peace had not yet been achieved in the area 

— and doubly, didn't want to share the award with Kissinger. Kissinger, 

President Nixon's Secretary of State, accepted the award “with humility,” but 

many felt that it should never have been offered to him in the first place. There 

were two reasons for this controversy: Kissinger was accused of war crimes for his 

assistance in America's secret bombing of Cambodia from 1969-1975, as well as 

for helping to contribute arms to South American dictators who would slaughter 

thousands of people during the terror campaign Operation Condor. His win was 

also called premature since North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam two years 

after the prize was awarded, voiding his work. Two Norwegian Nobel Committee 

members resigned to protest Kissinger's win. 

YASSER ARAFAT 1994 

Irrespective of what your views may be on Yasser Arafat, he is in fact a Nobel 

Peace Prize winner. Palestinian leader Arafat won in 1994 along with then Israeli 

Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and then Foreign Minister Shimon Peres for their 

work on the Oslo Peace accords, which created "opportunities for a new 

development toward fraternity in the Middle East" and mutual recognition 

between the Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation. While his critics 

condemned the award, calling Arafat an "unrepentant terrorist with a long legacy 

of promoting violence," his supporters offered praise and compared the 

Palestinian leader to Nelson Mandela. As for his efforts toward fraternity in the Middle East: an uneasy 

relationship with Hamas, allegations of corruption and an aversion to compromise mean the ambitions of 

the Oslo accords were never fully realized. “One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter,” says 

TIME of the heated debate surrounding Yasser Arafat's controversial Nobel Peace Prize win. Although 

Arafat publicly spoke out against terrorism, he's been called “ The worst man to ever win the Nobel Peace 

Prize” by critics who also stated he was an “unrepentant terrorist with a long legacy of promoting violence” 

for terrorist campaigns against Israel. Actions under scrutiny include his hand in overseeing military 

groups responsible for bombings, hijackings, assassinations, and even the murder of 11 Israeli Olympic 

athletes under his “direct or indirect command.” Norwegian Nobel Committee member Kaare Kristiansen 

resigned to protest Arafat's Nobel Peace Prize win. The long laundry 'list detailing Arafats numerous crimes 

has spurned many to call the Palestinian leader a “monster” and “ the father of modern terrorism.” 

Cordell Hull although nominated several times in the 1930s, received the 

Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his prominent role in establishing the UNO 

While his efforts to start the UNO were admirable, his actions six years earlier 

caused widespread consternation and many felt he was undeserving of the 

award. Hull was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of State during 

the S.S. St. Louis crisis when 950 Jewish refugees, seeking asylum from Nazi 

persecution, set sail for the U.S. from Hamburg. Despite President's Franklin 

showing willingness to help, Hull, together with Southern Democrats, voiced 

strong opposition and threatened to withdraw support for FDR in the 

forthcoming election if he didn't follow suit. On June 4, 1939, the President 

denied the ship entry, forcing it to return to Europe, where more than a quarter 

of its passengers subsequently died in the Holocaust. 

CORDELL HULL 1945 


HEPATITIS B INFECTION 

A SILENT KILLER DISEASE 

Beware!-It spreads faster than AIDS and has no Definite Cure 

HEALTH 

What is hepa s B? 

It is a systemic disease caused by Hepa s B virus; it is primarily 

associated with the viruses incriminated in viral Hepa s 

(inflamma on or swelling of the liver due to viral infec on). 

The liver is the biggest organ in the human body; it serves as a 

workshop where the metabolic func ons of the body are carried out 

and that includes the manufacturing of protein and other chemicals 

that are essen al for the healthy growth and defense mechanism of 

the body, removal of poisonous substances from the body through 

the process of detoxifica on and a lot more. The liver is a very tough 

and resilient organ and is able to withstand all the assaults to be able 

to carry out its ac vi es but it can be overwhelmed when its 

integrity is compromised as a result of the infec on with such as the 

HBV. 

Hepa s B infec on is a great threat to humanity, unfortunately 

because of the current sensa onal nature of the HIV/AIDS pandemic 

people in the general popula on especially in developing countries 

in Africa are hardly aware of the life threatening danger this illness 

presents. The capacity of Hepa s B to progress to chronic infec on, 

cirrhosis and ul mately liver cancer is frightening and everybody 

should take possible steps to curtail the disease and fortunately most 

efforts made to prevent HIV transmission will also prevent Hepa s 

B infec on to a large extent. 

How does it spread? 

Hepa s B is about 300 mes more infec ous than AIDS, that 

sounds incredible but it is true; the preponderance of the viral 

replica on is that high and the HBV can survive rela ve adverse 

condi ons for a long me of which such as HIV cannot. The chief 

source of the infec on is human blood and other body fluids such as 

semen, vaginal discharges and secre on from wound--You can get 

Hepa s B in four ways 

1. Through transfusion of blood and blood products or through 

infected syringes during ta ooing, acupuncture and drug abuse. 

2. Contact with blood or other body fluid. 

3. From an infected mother to a newborn. 

4. From an infected sexual partner. 

Who can be infected? 

Almost anyone, nobody is safe from this silent killer disease; Doctors, Nurses, Construc on workers, whichever works 

of life with children being the worst affected, their exposure to HBV can prove to be serious especially for those less 

than seven (7) years of age. 

How do you know you have hepa s B? 

In spite of being infected with the virus, you may not show any signs of the disease un l very late, different people will 

show different symptoms and one in three falls seriously ill which is why it is called silent killer disease. Ini al 

symptoms of weakness, redness, body ache, fever, nausea and vomi ng, diarrhea, mild abdominal pains, loss of 

appe te that may progress to jaundice, yellowing of skin and eyes, pale feaces and dark urine. 

While many pa ents recover without major problem, some suffer a severe a ack of fulminate Hepa s which can be 

fatal. You also become a silent carrier if the virus is not completely eliminated. In the absence of any specific symptom 

Hepa s B o en goes undiagnosed and the only way to be absolutely sure is a blood test called Hepa s B surface 

an gen (HBsAg) test 


Is there any cure for Hepa s B? 

It is a bad news, there is no definite cure for Hepa s B but there 

is the good news; it can be prevented though vaccina on for 

those that tested Nega ve. Vaccina on alone can help you fight 

Hepa s B; the course includes three injec ons at definite 

intervals over a period of three months. A er the course your 

body produces an bodies that can help you fight against this 

silent killer disease. 

Vaccina on for children; if the mother is a carrier of HBV, the first 

dose of the injec on should be given at birth followed by two 

other doses at an interval of one month each. If the mother is not 

a carrier of HBV the child can be vaccinated along with childhood 

vaccina on in accordance with WHO-guidelines. 

WORLD-WIDE FACTS ABOUT HEPATITIS B 

Over five hundred thousand people die yearly of cases directly 

related to Hepa s B. 

Over two billion people have been infected cumula vely. 

Over three hundred and fi y million people worldwide are living 

with the disease. 

About one person has died from Hepa s B in the me it takes 

you to read one to three above. 

Hepa s B is about three hundred mes more infec ous than 

HIV. 

Unlike HIV, Hepa s B can survive outside the body for a long 

me. 

AND IN NIGERIA 

1. One out of every five has the virus. 

2. One percent death of all adult is due to Hepa s B. 

3. 68% of chronic liver disease and 80% of all liver cancer is due to 

Hepa s B. 

REDUCING THE SPREAD. 

Your Organiza on/Agency can also be a beneficiary by ge ng 

your staff screened and immuniza on provided for those that 

tested nega ve. 

Help stop Hepa s B, get screened and get immunized-Also 

available are rapid screening test kits for HCV, HAV, VDRL, HIV 1 & 

2, TB Serology, PSA and lipid profile. 

Courtesy: 

Adonai Laboratories Ltd. 

priadonai2000@yahoo.com 

+2347032190500 



N1,000 / $ 6 / 4 

PEACE 




The Rescue 


Bringing 

Peace Back To 

Guinea Bissau 





Rising Tide: 



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ISSUES 

In the search for “greener pastures” 

and the “American dream”, the rise of 

anchor babies have called for great 

concern. Anchor baby is the term used 

to refer to children born in the United 

States of America to illegal alien 

mothers. Under current practice, these 

children are U.S. citizens at birth, simply 

because they were born on US soil. They 

are called anchor babies because, as US 

citizens, they become eligible to 

sponsor for legal immigration most of 

their relatives, including their illegal 

alien mothers, when they turn 21 years 

of age, thus becoming the US "anchor" 

for an extended immigrant family. "Jus 

soli" (right of soil) is the right of anyone 

born in the territory of a state to claim 

the nationality or citizenship of that 

state while jus sanguinis (right of blood) 

is a right to claim the citizenship of the 

country of one's parents. 

F r o m 20 0 4 , a l l E u r o p e a n 

countries refused to grant birthright 

citizenship, it is based solely on jus 

sanguinis. This law shifted all the 

burden of anchor babies on the United 

States and Canada. You find majority of 

immigrants (both legal and illegal) 

making deliberate plans to make sure 

the are in the US before their Expected 

Delivery Date. Africans are not an 

exception to this trend. It has now 

become 'fashionable' to give birth to an 

offspring in the US and has somewhat 

become something to be envious about 

when your child has the citizenship of 

the United States boldly transcribed on 

his/her passport. Thus, the US‐born 

children of illegal aliens not only 

represent additional US population 

g r o w t h , b u t a c t a s ' a n c h o r s ' t o 

eventually pull a large number of 

extended family members into the 

country legally. In fact, an entire 

industry has built up around the US 

system of birthright citizenship. 

Thousands of pregnant women who are 

about to deliver come to the United 

States each year from countries as far 

away as South Korea and as near as 

Mexico so that they can give birth on US 

soil. Some come legally as temporary 

visitors; others enter illegally. Once the 

MATERNITY TOURISM 

AND THE DILEMA OF 

ANCHOR BABIES 

they get a US birth certificate and passport for the child, and their future 

link to the country is established and irreversible. While there is no formal 

policy that forbids deporting the illegal alien parents of children born in the 

US, they rarely are actually deported. In some cases, immigration judges 

make exceptions for the parents on the basis of their US‐born children and 

grant the parents legal status. In many cases, though, immigration officials 

choose not to initiate removal proceedings against illegal aliens with USborn 

children, so they simply remain in the country illegally. 

This poses a great problem for the United States and all other developed 

countries who practice jus soli. In 2010, lawmakers in several states urged 

an amendment to the Constitution to turn the United States into a jus 

sanguinis country, or right of blood; you are American if your parents were 

Americans. Bill and American citizen, is of the view that; Maternity 

tourism is just the beginning of the silliness of birthright citizenship that 

goes to the babies of foreign students, temporary foreign workers, 

international travellers and the millions who break the law to criminally 

enter this country. Each of these babies becomes an anchor who retards 

deportation of unlawfully present parents and who eventually will be an 

anchor for entire families and villages as chain migration leads to the 

immigration of grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Birthright 

citizenship is an antiquated practice that has been abandoned by nearly all 

wealthy nations and emerging nations (recently India and Indonesia) and 

by the majority of poor nations. This poses the question of whether the 

th 

right of jus soli should be abandoned for right of blood? Should the 14 

Amendment which reads in part that, 

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the 

jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State wherein 

they reside." 

Be amended to address the current trend of Anchor babies and maternity 

tourism?. Africans like earlier said are not exempted from this trend. 

Should we continue to flee from our heritage and culture in the name of 

giving our children the possibility of a bright future which may or may not 

be in existence? 


ON THE ROCK RAISING HOPE FOR NIGERIA 


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FASHION 

LUSCIOUS LIPS 

PRINCESS EMIKE UMOLE 

(Professional Makeup Artist) 

Are you tired of having dried, 

unattractive and chapped lips? 

Do you need attractive and 

luscious lips? Then why don't you 

try lip gloss. Lip gloss serves as 

the most popular and handy 

cosmetic product, the lip gloss 

rules a women's world. If you 

want to give your lips a shiny and 

wonderful color you must try out 

the lip gloss. Although lipsticks 

are in demand but these new lip 

care products have created their 

own place in the market. 

Particularly, if you are the one 

who want simple, yet attractive 

and appealing look then you must 

try lip gloss. It's available in 

various colors and flavors. The 

moisturizing and dazzling effects 

acts as the added feature to these 

lip care products. They not only 

make your lips beautiful by 

adding color but also make it soft 

and smooth by giving the 

moisturizing effect. Some of the 

benefits of lip gloss are as 

follows: 

Just like lipstick, lip gloss 

also comes in different forms. 

You can find lip gloss of 

numerous colors and even in 

different fruity flavors. For 

smoothening and softening 

your lips, apply lip balm. To 

highlight your beautiful lips, 

apply moisturizing lip gloss. 

 

 

 

 

Lip gloss can be used as a part of makeup, to give color to your 

lips, or as a moisturizer to hydrate your lips. The basic ingredients in 

most lip gloss are glycerin, aloe, and vitamin E. All the ingredients of 

lip gloss help in moisturizing the lips. There is another kind of lip 

gloss that is basically used to give shiny effect to the lips. Apart from 

the usual ingredients, this type of lip gloss also contains certain oils. 

Lip gloss has many more benefits, even more than petroleum jelly 

or any other lip products. Apart from giving a soft and smooth touch to 

the lips, lip gloss also make them shiny. During dry season, lip gloss 

can protect the lips from getting dry and chapped. Further, some of the 

lip glosses available today makes the lips look plump, thereby helping 

it to appear bold and beautiful. Although, the effect of these lip 

glosses are temporary and short lived, many welcome this as it doesn't 

have harsh affect. 

Lip balms also maintain the quality of the lips and keep them soft 

and beautiful due to the presence of vitamin and soybean extracts. In 

some of the lip glosses the antioxidant and moisturizing property 

keeps the lips hydrated for the whole day. 

Those who think that lip stick is too dark and thick for the lips can 

use lip gloss, as the colors add a mild and pleasing touch. Moreover, 

apart from the vibrant colors, the moisturizers and sparkles present in 

lip gloss makes the lips look more appealing. 


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MASCARA ON LASHES 

PRINCESS EMIKE UMOLE (Professional Makeup Artist) 

Mascara is a key component to making your eyes stand out. Mascara has the ability to not only make your lashes darker; it 

also adds length and thickness. It does not matter how wonderful your eye shadow looks, or what great techniques you have 

used, without great looking lashes no one will notice. To apply mascara on your lashes to make them stand out, one must 

follow these five tips to achieve vibrant lashes. 

1. Do not pump the wand in and out of the bottle. This pushes air into the tube which will make the mascara dry out 

faster causing clumping and flaking. Instead, gently twist the back and forth or in circular motions to pick up the desired 

amount of product. 

2. If you decide to curl your lashes, begin at the root of the lashes being careful not to get any skin into the eyelash 

curler. Press the curler together and hold for about 10 seconds and move the curler out to the end of your lashes and 

repeat. Again, this step is optional but it does make for longer looking lashes and opens the eye. 

3. When you remove the wand from the bottle make sure to scrap off any excess mascara from the wand. This will help 

you avoid making your lashes clumpy. 

4. Whether you start with your top or bottom lashes is completely up to you, although beginning with the bottom 

lashes will prevent those tiny dots that appear on your eyelids when you look down to apply mascara to your bottom 

lashes. For the top lashes, look straight forward, take the wand and place it at the base of your lashes. Using a back-andforth 

motion while moving the wand up your lashes and sweep upward, this will help give 

your lashes a curled effect. Keep repeating this until you get your lashes as thick as you want, 

usually 2-3 coats. When it comes to the bottom lashes, tilt your head forward slightly to keep 

from getting mascara onto your cheek. Use the same side to side motions until you get a good 

coat of mascara on your lower lashes. 

5. To make your eyelashes look even thicker a trick is to apply a coat of black eyeliner to 

the upper waterline of your eyes. To do this, pull up your lashes just a bit, and run the black 

eyeliner on the top of the inner waterline. To give it more staying power, dip your eyeliner 

pencil in black waterproof gel eyeliner and line the waterline. Even though this is a subtle 

difference, the black base it creates automatically gives the appearance of thicker, fuller 

lashes. 


ENTERTAINMENT 

The list of musicians who rake in millions of dollars are 

usually reserved for international megastars like 

Beyonce, Kanye West, Jay Z, Madona, Jenifer Lopez and 

people who largely hail from the western world. 

However, there are artistes across Africa whose stars are 

rapidly rising and they are able to command larger 

paychecks around the world. Highly influential and each 

bringing their own unique sound, these artistes 

represent the richest African musicians, according to 

Answers Africa. JEMIRIYE ADENIJI brings you the list. 

RICHEST 


MUSICIANS

10. Jose Chameleone 

Jose (or Joe) Chameleone is a Ugandan 

artiste who found his niche blending 

traditional Ugandan folk music, a bit of 

rumba and a heavy reggae inuence. He 

sings in English, Swahili and Luganda. His 

mansion outside of Kampala and four cars 

(including a Cadillac Escalade and a Benz) 

are evidence of his success, particularly with 

his hit, ValuValu. He's been credited with 

changing the face of music in Uganda, as 

well as making local music accessible to the 

rest of the world. 

9. Banky W 

010 

Born Olubankole Wellington in the U.S, 

Banky W moved back to Nigeria and grew 

up in Lagos, where he began singing at an 

early age. Finding success early in singing 

competitions, most of his wealth has come 

from endorsement deals with companies 

such as Etisalat mobile and Samsung in 

Nigeria. He also started the Mr Capable 

Foundation, an education charity that 

provides tuition scholarships for 

disadvantaged children. 

008 

8. Hugh Masekela 

009 

Musical sensation Hugh Masekela is a South 

African artiste who plays variety of instruments 

including the trumpet, ugelhorn and cornet, 

along with singing and composing his own work. 

He has been highly praised for his work, with 

everything from a Grammy nomination to the 

Order of the Ikhamanga by President Jacob 

Zuma (for achievements in arts, culture, literature, 

music, journalism and sports in South Africa.) He 

has graced prestigious festivals across the world. 

He is perhaps best known for his acapella style 

singing and collaboration with Paul Simon and 

Ladysmith Black Mambazo on the Graceland 

album and 1987 Graceland tour. 


007 

7. 2 Face Idibia 

Nigerian singer and songwriter, 2Face Idibia, 

began his career as a member of the hip hop 

group, Plantashun Boyz, but went solo in 2004 

after the group split. His most popular song, 

African Queen, took off after being featured in 

the movie Phat Girlz in 2006, but all of his ve 

albums have been very well received around 

the world. His wealth comes from various real 

estate investments across Nigeria, as well as 

the $80,000 he commands per show. 

006 

6. Fally Ipupa 

Fally Ipupa, a former member of Quartier Latin 

International (along with Kof Olomidé, to be 

mentioned later), went solo in 2006 and has been 

incredibly successful, both in his home country of 

the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as 

internationally. With MTV Africa Music and Kora 

awards under his belt, he's racked up clothing 

endorsement deals in Paris as well as high 

commissions for his shows across the world which 

are almost always sold out. 

5. Salif Keita 

005 

Born and raised in Mali, singer and songwriter Salif 

Keita has been referred to as the "Golden Voice of 

Africa," with his original take on Afro pop music. 

Despite his royal heritage (he's directly descended 

from Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali 

Empire), he chose a path of music, bucking the 

Malian caste system. But this means that he was 

loaded even before his music career took off, 

explaining his private island and properties across 

Europe. 


4. Kof Olomidé 

Along with fellow Congolese star, 

Fally Ipupa, Kof Olomidé formed 

Quartier Latin as lead singer and 

vocalist before launching his solo 

career. Dubbing his style of music 

as tchatcho, he considers it a 

blend of soukous music (dance 

music that originated from African 

rumba music). He's notorious for 

taking on controversial subjects in 

his lyrics, which has led him to be 

widely praised and criticised 

worldwide. Raking in over 

100,000 Euros per show, Olomidé 

is extremely popular across Africa 

and the world. One of his albums 

is listed in Robert Dimery's book, 

"1001 Albums You Must Hear 

Before You Die." 

004 

3. D'Banj 

Dapo Daniel Oyebanjo, D'Banj 

aka the Koko Master, has been 

killing it in his country, Nigeria and 

around the world since 2007, and 

was the rst African artiste who 

signed with the music label 

GOODMusic, owned by Kanye 

West. The recipient of countless 

awards, D'Banj is known for his 

unique sound of dance music and 

afro beats. He is involved in a 

variety of investments including a 

nightclub in Nigeria, brands such 

as Koko water, and was given his 

own reality show, "Koko Mansion." 

He also rakes millions in shows 

and brand endorsements. 

003 


002 

2. P-Square 

P-Square is made up of identical 

twins, Peter and Paul Okoye, who 

began singing and dancing 

together back in their small 

Catholic high school in Jos, 

Nigeria. After forming the group in 

2005, their music developed a 

devoted following, particularly in 

South Africa, and each album 

outsold the previous one. They 

were named Artistes of the Year at 

the 2010 Kora Awards and now 

bring in more than $150,000 per 

show. Best of all, their shared 

home is worth more than $3 

million and has been dubbed 

"Squareville." Talk about product 

placement! 

01 

1. Youssou N'dour 

Not surprisingly, YoussouN'dour brings it 

home in the No. 1 spot. This Senegalese 

singer is widely considered the most famous 

singer alive in Senegal and much of Africa. 

His style of music is known as mbalax, a mix 

of Senegalese traditional music in the Serer 

language and various styles from around the 

world including Cuban rumba, hip hop, jazz 

and soul. With millions around the world in 

his fan base, he is now the owner of the 

biggest media house in Senegal (complete 

with radio and TV stations) and was 

appointed tourism and culture minister in 

2012. More importantly, before K'naan had 

"Waving Flag" in 2010, N'dour was 

responsible for the 1998 FIFA World Cup 

national anthem, "La Cour des Grands," 

along with Axelle Red. 

Having presented the list, I have a simple 

question for African Female Musicians as 

well as their promoters; Where are the 

African Female Musicians? are they so poor 

that we cannot even find one on the Top Ten 

list? Going by there counterparts in here in 

the USA we can see that the list of the 

richest musicians is not just the Men's 

game, rather its for for both genders. 

Moreso, being a musician myself I 

remember vividly how you have to double 

proof yourself that you are marketable, 

otherwise no record label will be ready to 

spend a dime on you. And if eventually you 

get a label to sign you on, then comes the 

issue of how to dress and look sexy, what to 

sing and so on. Even though the female 

musicians in Africa shares the same stage 

with the male musician, its not a guarantee that they 

make the same money, in other words African 

Female musicians like Angelique Kidjo (Republic of 

Benin), Asa (Nigeria), Becca (Ghana), Amani (Kenya), 

Siphokazi (South Africa), Juliana (Uganda) Ary 

(Angola) to mention a few are all not good enough to 

make the list. 

Its breaks my heart to see that our female singers are 

not doing so well financially in Africa. This is a 

challenge and I hope the next list will reflect the 

change, and event organizers will pay both male and 

female musicians equally regardless of the gender. 

Let Peace reign in Africa. I Love You All. 

JEMIRIYE ADENIJI 

AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE / 43AFRICAN

Fashion . Model Portfolio . Products 

H O T L I N E - + 2 3 4 8 1 3 2 4 6 4 0 5 9 

EDBANK PHOTOGRAPHY

TRIBUTE 

ROBERT MUGABE AT 90! 

THE LONGEST SERVING AFRICAN PRESIDENT 

rd 

Sunday the 23 of February 2014 was a 

very joyful day for Zimbabwe as 

thousands gathered to wish president 

Robert Mugabe a happy birthday , who 

threw 90 balloons into the air to mark 

th 

his 90 birthday. Dressed in a black 

suit, red tie and white shirt, he moved 

around the venue on the back of a 

truck waving his fist to a crowd made 

up largely of school children bussed in 

for the occasion. "I feel as youthful and 

energetic as a boy of nine," Mugabe 

said, before cutting his cake. 

Although he had just got back from 

Singapore, where he had travelled for 

eye surgery last week, Mugabe 

unrepentantly remained joyful as he 

cut his cake amidst gleeful shouts of 

people wearing red scarves as it is 

customary on the president’s birthday. 

Robert Mugabe has ruled Zimbabwe 

since the former rebel led the country 

to independence from Britain in 1980. 

Robert Mugabe is a Zimbabwean 

revolutionalist and politician. As one of 

the leaders of the rebel groups against 

white minority rule, he was elected as 

Prime Minister, head of government, 

in 1980, and served in that office until 

1987, when he became the country's 

first executive head of state. Having 

been repeatedly re‐elected, he retains 

this post to this day. He has led the 

Zimbabwe African National Union 

Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) since 1975. 

Robert Mugabe rose to prominence in 

the 1960s as the Secretary General of 

ZANU during the conflict against the 

conservative white minority 

government of Rhodesia. Mugabe was 

a political prisoner in Rhodesia for 

more than 10 years between 1964 and 

. 

1974 Upon release Mugabe, along with 

Edgar Tekere, left Rhodesia in 1975 to 

re‐join the fight during the Rhodesian 

Bush War from bases in Mozambique. 

At the end of the war in 1979, Mugabe 

emerged as a hero in the minds of 

many Africans. He won the 

general elections of 1980 after 

calling for reconciliation between 

the former belligerents, including 

white Zimbabweans and rival 

political parties, and thereby 

became Prime Minister on 

Zimbabwe's independence in April 

1980. 

In August 2008, Robert Mugabe 

suffered a narrow defeat in the 

first round of a presidential 

election but he subsequently won 

the run‐off election in a landslide 

after opposition rival Morgan 

Tsvangirai withdrew from the 

race, and extended a hand to the 

opposition with the signing of a 

power‐sharing deal with 

opposition leaders Morgan 

Tsvangirai and Arthur Mutambara 

of the –MDC‐T and –MDC‐M 

opposition party.

Election Commission said Mugabe won his seventh term as President, defeating Tsvangirai with 61 percent of the vote. 

Born near the Kutama Jesuit Mission in the Zvimba District northwest of Salisbury in Southern Rhodesia to a Malawian 

father Gabriel Matibili and a Shona mother Bona, both Roman Catholic, Mugabe was the third of six children. He had two 

elder brothers, Michael (1919–1934) and Raphael. Both elder brothers died when he was young, leaving Robert and his 

younger brother, Donato (1926–2007), and two younger sisters – Sabina and Bridgette. His father, a carpenter, abandoned 

the Mugabe family in 1934 after Michael died, in search of work in Bulawayo. 

Raised as a Catholic, He qualified as a teacher, but left to study at Fort Hare in South Africa graduating in 1951, 

while meeting contemporaries such as Julius Nyerere, Herbert Chitepo, Robert Sobukwe and Kenneth Kaunda. 

Mugabe joined the National Democratic Party (NDP) in 1960. After the administration of Prime Minister Edgar 

Whitehead banned the NDP in September 1961, it almost immediately reformed as the Zimbabwe African 

Peoples Union (ZAPU), led by Joshua Nkomo. Mugabe 

left ZAPU in 1963 to join the breakaway Zimbabwe 

African National Union (ZANU), which had been 

formed by the Reverend Ndabaningi Sithole, Edgar 

Tekere, Edson Zvobgo, Enos Nkala and lawyer Herbert 

Chitepo. 

ZANU was influenced by the Africanist ideas of the 

Pan Africanist Congress in South Africa and influenced 

by Maoism while ZAPU was an ally of the African 

National Congress and was a supporter of a more 

orthodox pro‐Soviet line on national liberation. Similar 

divisions can also be seen in the independence 

movement in Angola between the MPLA and UNITA. 

It would have been easy for the party to split along 

tribal lines between the Ndebele and Mugabe's own 

Shona tribe, but cross‐tribal representation was 

maintained by his partners. ZANU leader Sithole 

nominated Robert Mugabe as his Secretary General. 

During early 1964 tension between the two rival 

nationalist parties boiled over into violent conflict 

within the black townships. "Many people were 

killed as rival former colleagues [within the 

nationalist movement] turned against each other," 

write David Martin and Phyllis Johnson; "Homes and 

stores were burned and looted." The government 

reacted by arresting political agitators for criminal 

offences and jailing Nkomo in Gonakudzingwa Restriction Camp, a remote detention unit in the south‐east of the 

country. After members of ZANU murdered a farmer, Petrus Oberholzer, on 4 July 1964, ZANU and ZAPU 

were officially banned on 26 August 1964; their leaders, including Mugabe, were shortly arrested and 

imprisoned indefinitely. ZAPU figures joined Nkomo at Gonakudzingwa while the leaders of ZANU were 

briefly held in turn at two similar units near Gwelo (Gweru since 1982), first Wha Wha, then, from 15 June 1965, 

Sikombela, before being transferred permanently to Salisbury Prison on 8 November 1965.Mugabe earned 

numerous further degrees by correspondence courses while detained, including three from the University of 

London: degrees in Law and Economics respectively and a Bachelor of Administration. When his three‐year‐old 

son Nhamodzenyika died from malaria in Ghana in late 1966, Mugabe petitioned the prison governor to leave 

on parole to attend the funeral in Accra, the Ghanaian capital, but was refused permission by Prime Minister Ian 

Smith personally. Mugabe unilaterally assumed control of ZANU after the death of Herbert Chitepo on 18 


control of ZANU after the death of 

Herbert Chitepo on 18 March 1975. Later 

that year, after squabbling with Ndabaningi 

Sithole, Mugabe formed a militant ZANU 

faction, leaving Sithole to lead the 

moderate ZANU (Ndonga) party. Many 

opposition leaders mysteriously died 

during this time. Under pressure from 

Henry Kissinger, Prime Minister of South 

Africa B. J. Vorster persuaded Ian Smith, the 

sitting prime minister at the time, to 

accept in principle that white minority rule 

could not continue indefinitely. In 1987, 

the position of Prime Minister was 

abolished and Mugabe assumed the new 

office of executive President of Zimbabwe 

gaining additional powers in the process. 

He was re‐elected in 1990 and 1996, and in 

2002 amid claims of widespread voterigging 

and intimidation. Mugabe's term 

of office expired at the end of March 2008, 

but he was re‐elected later in 2008 in 

another election marred by allegations of 

election fraud and intimidation. 

A number of people have accused Mugabe 

of having a racist attitude towards white 

people. John Sentamu, a Uganda‐born 

Archbishop of York in the United Kingdom, 

calls Mugabe "the worst kind of racist 

dictator," for having "targeted the whites 

for their apparent riches" Almost thirty 

years after ending white‐minority rule in 

Zimbabwe, Mugabe accuses the United 

Kingdom and the United States of 

p r o m o t i n g w h i t e i m p e r i a l i s m a n d 

regularly accuses opposition figures to his 

government of being allies of white 

imperialism. 

The United Kingdom once condemned 

Mugabe's authoritarian policies and 

a l l e g e d r a c i s t a t t i t u d e s a s b e i n g 

comparable to those of German Nazi 

dictator Adolf Hitler. A response came 

during the state funeral for a Zimbabwean 

Cabinet minister in March 2003. Mugabe 

telling journalists "I am still the Hitler of the 

time,This Hitler has only one objective, 

justice for his own people, sovereignty for 

h i s p e o p l e , r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e 

independence of his people, and their 

right to their resources. If that is Hitler, 

If that is Hitler, then let me be a Hitler tenfold. Ten times, that is 

what we stand for." Mugabe has been uncompromising in his 

opposition to LGBT rights in Zimbabwe. In September 1995, 

Zimbabwe's parliament introduced legislation banning 

homosexual acts. In 1997, a court found Canaan Banana, Mugabe's 

predecessor and the first President of Zimbabwe, guilty of 11 

counts of sodomy and indecent assault. He has previously 

referred to lesbians and gays as being "worse than dogs and pigs". 

In 2005, Mugabe ordered a raid conducted on what the 

government termed "illegal shelters" in Harare, resulting in 

10,000 urban poor being left homeless from "Operation 

Murambatsvina (Operation Drive Out the Rubbish)." The 

authorities themselves had moved the poor inhabitants to the 

area in 1992, telling them not to build permanent homes and that 

their new homes were temporary, leading the inhabitants to 

build their own temporary shelters out of cardboard and wood. 

Since the inhabitants of the shantytowns overwhelmingly 

supported the Movement for Democratic Change opposition 

party in the previous election, many alleged that the mass 

bulldozing was politically motivated. The UN released a report 

stating that the actions of Mugabe resulted in the loss of home or 

livelihood for more than 700,000 Zimbabweans and negatively 

affected 2.4 million more. 

As of September 2006, Mugabe's family owns three farms: 

"Highfield Estate" in Norton, 45 km west of Harare, "Iron Mask 

Estate" in Mazowe, about 40 km from Harare, and "Foyle Farm" in 

Mazowe, formerly owned by Ian Webster and adjacent to Iron 

Mask Farm and renamed "Gushungo Farm" after Mugabe's own 

clan name. These farms were seized forcibly from their previous 

owners. Mugabe has continued to win elections, although 

frequently these have been criticised by outsiders for violating 

various electoral procedures.Mugabe faced Tsvangirai of the 

Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in presidential elections 

in March 2002. Mugabe defeated Tsvangirai by 56.2% to 41.9% 

amid violence and the prevention of large numbers of citizens in 

urban areas from voting. The conduct of the elections was widely 


viewed internationally as having been manipulated. Many groups, such as the United Kingdom, the European 

Union, the United States, and Tsvangirai's party, assert that the result was rigged. 

Mugabe was re‐elected in 2013 with 61 percent of the vote. U.N Secretary‐General Ban Ki‐Moon, having followed 

the elections in Zimbabwe closely, commended the Zimbabwean people for a broadly peaceful election day 

and for exercising their democratic rights. He stressed, at the same time, that the concerns which have been 

raised about certain aspects of the electoral process should be pursued through established channels. These 

concerns should then be considered transparently and fairly. The most important thing was that the will of the 

people of Zimbabwe be respected. Independent poll monitors reported widespread irregularities, and the 

state‐appointed election commission reported that many voters were either turned away or received 

assistance from election officials. All in all SADC & the African Continent's main body African Union endorsed the 

Zimbabwean general elections which had an AU Observer team on the ground led by former President General 

Olusegun Obasanjo. Mugabe's critics accuse him of conducting a "reign of terror" and being an "extremely poor 

role model" for the continent, whose "transgressions are unpardonable". In solidarity with the April 2007 

general strike called by the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU), British Trades Union Congress general 

secretary Brendan Barber said of Mugabe's regime: "Zimbabwe's people are suffering from Mugabe's appalling 

economic mismanagement, corruption, and brutal repression. They are standing up for their rights, and we 

must stand with them." Lela Kogbara, Chair of ACTSA (Action for Southern Africa) similarly has said: "As with 

every oppressive regime women and workers are left bearing the brunt. Please join us as we stand in solidarity 

with the people of Zimbabwe in their struggle for peace, justice and freedom". 

Robert Mugabe is undoubtedly a great leader who stood up for his nation amidst all trials and tribulations, but 

his endless reign in Zimbabwe seems to be a point of concern. One thing is certain we wish Mugabe a very long 

th 

and fulfilled life on his 90 birthday. 



Email:info@africanpeacemag.org 

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AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE MARCH ISSUE

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