Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...

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and cross-ministerial collaboration, uncoordinated initiatives may jeopardize each-other. To improve policy coordination for an eventual Kosovo Development Framework, leadership on social inclusion should be formalized under the Prime Minister’s office and supported by a co-ordinating committee of deputy ministers from relevant ministries. In addition to policy coordination, the committee may be responsible for the coordinated monitoring of policy implementation in the area of social inclusion. • Refocus governance efforts on implementation: by ensuring financial coverage of laws. Kosovo’s budgetary and monitoring processes require immediate and urgent reform. Financing for social inclusion policies must be institutionalized, particularly for the health and education sectors, as well as for gender-equity, people with special needs and the protection of Kosovo-RAE groups. • Refocus governance efforts on accountability: by improving statistics and monitoring. Strategies and interventions should contain specific and measurable targets and indicators, tailored specifically towards priority social inclusion goals. To make these measures effective, the evidence base for social inclusion must be strengthened. The last comprehensive census in Kosovo was conducted in 1981 and the present demographic data are estimates. The Statistical Office of Kosovo needs urgent strengthening, and its links with line Ministries should be improved. • Ensure responsive and inclusive decentralization policies: Kosovo must refocus its decentraliza- 98 | KOSOVO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 tion policy on strengthening the relationships between authorities and communities. Currently, municipalities lack sufficiently strong financial and human resources to implement social inclusion policies developed at the central level. Resource allocation models between central and municipal levels must be proportional to the scale of challenges to ensure that the most vulnerable can benefit. The competencies of local administrators and service providers must also be improved, to provide clear direction on minimum standards of access to basic services. • Tailor sectoral resourcing to target specific barriers to social inclusion: where exclusion is particularly marked, urgent remedial action should be taken through specific sectoral strategies to reach out the excluded. For example, in the health sector, the barriers faced by the frail elderly, rural women and their children, poor young people and Kosovo-RAE communities to access the most basic health services, absorb critical health information, protect themselves from environmental hazards (particularly chronic lead intoxication in Mitrovicë/Mitrovica) and pay for medicines should be addressed through locally tailored campaigns funded through central resources. In the education system, special campaigns must be implemented to increase access to mainstream education for the disabled, rural girls, Kosovo-RAE groups and preschool children (particularly the poor) – including such initiatives as specially-funded transport to and from schools, establishing preschool facilities, adapting schools for children with special needs and
outreach to parents and families to improve the prioritization of education among the excluded. • Institutionalize gender balanced public consultations at both central and local levels: Kosovo requires an institutionalized rather than ad hoc public consultation mechanism to ensure that the voices of excluded groups can be heard during policy formulation, and feedback provided to groups once policies are developed. Particular care must be taken to ensure that both women and men are consulted from among vulnerable groups, as their issues and concerns will differ. Consultations, especially with socially excluded groups, may help to identify priorities for interventions, create consensus, explore ideas, improve acceptance of new proposals, find cost-efficient policy solutions and increase transparency in decisionmaking and service delivery. Local consultation mechanisms should also be established to target social assistance more effectively and activate people experiencing social exclusion. In order to mobilize their potential to link communities and authorities, NGOs require national support to move them from reliance on external funding to a more sustainable source based on their value to governance and communities. • Launch a Kosovo-wide campaign to promote social cohesion: Kosovo needs to address its deepest social fractures before social inclusion policies can take root. This can only be achieved by increasing public awareness of the high socio-economic cost of discrimination, providing opportunities for inter-community dialogue and fostering mutual engagement in the civic participation process by excluded groups on the one hand and political powerholders on the other. Such an extensive programme would necessarily have to be developed and funded at the central level, by the Kosovo coordination mechanism for social inclusion; however, it must also be tailored to individual municipal needs and included in municipal budgets. Three critical areas for social intervention include gender equity in the socio-economic and political sphere, rigid inter-ethnic tensions between Kosovo-Albanians and Kosovo-Serbs (including the security of returnees) and integration of discriminated Kosovo-RAE communities. Since a great deal of legislation already exists on all of these issues, a coordinated strategy should focus instead on selecting priority areas for action (both issue-based and geographical), allocating financing and developing indicators to measure shifts in public perception and social alliances for development. • Expand the labour market, with a focus on rural transformation: since inclusive employment links closely to social cohesion and selfreliance, Kosovo cannot afford to wait for macro-economic changes to expand its labour market. In the interim, Kosovo must accelerate reforms to its business climate to allow SMEs to flourish, particularly in communities with very low employment rates and high disparities in employment between ethnic groups. A job-seeker initiative is urgently needed to direct young jobseekers and the recently unemployed towards work-readiness training and potential new job opportunities. Public-private partnerships would be essential FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 99
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The views expressed in this report
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VI specific difficulties that group
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Abbreviations ALMP Active Labour Ma
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The UN’s Human Development Report
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agents without any true sense of ow
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Contents Foreword .................
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to its society. A dramatic effort t
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entated basis for examination of so
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services. The chapter examines spec
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Table 1.1 Low income and the launch
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Ineffective institutional support m
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1 2 3 4 “The basic purpose of dev
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Table Human Development Index (HDI)
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CHAPTER 2 Economic and labour marke
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managed to increase its public expe
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absence of material well-being and
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not protect from exclusion from goo
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more than half of its members who a
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FIGURe 75 percent of male youth age
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Education: the probability of exclu
Page 45 and 46: lower access to services than urban
Page 47 and 48: contract enforcement and privatizat
Page 49 and 50: produce a high risk of social exclu
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 Access to education and exclusi
Page 53 and 54: ns of exclusion as well the composi
Page 55 and 56: sive education depends on deep coop
Page 57 and 58: point these groups more precisely,
Page 59 and 60: FIGURe 3.2 2004/05 2006/07 Grade 1
Page 61 and 62: Kosova Education Centre (KEC) was i
Page 63 and 64: learning in its legislative framewo
Page 65 and 66: 4.1 CHAPTER 4 Health care services
Page 67 and 68: ported deaths. However, Kosovo face
Page 69 and 70: the same levels of difficulties as
Page 71 and 72: to healthcare. For many, it is simp
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Promoting inclusion in healthca
Page 75 and 76: 5.1 Political participation and exc
Page 77 and 78: for all Kosovans, the level of publ
Page 79 and 80: the Department for Registration and
Page 81 and 82: were women. 188 In minority communi
Page 83 and 84: with the mayor and his job, two thi
Page 85 and 86: Table 5.6 % of respondents attendin
Page 87: public meetings are not always the
Page 90 and 91: • and created Human Development S
Page 92 and 93: tion against certain ethnic groups
Page 94 and 95: passes poor health and education va
Page 98 and 99: to the success of this scheme, by,
Page 100 and 101: The under-five infant mortality rat
Page 103 and 104: Human Development Index according t
Page 105 and 106: Introduction 1 Preparing for a futu
Page 107 and 108: 65 USAID and Swiss Cooperation Offi
Page 109: gagement.pdf. 156 See Civic Capacit
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