Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...
Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ... Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...
and cross-ministerial collaboration, uncoordinated initiatives may jeopardize each-other. To improve policy coordination for an eventual Kosovo Development Framework, leadership on social inclusion should be formalized under the Prime Minister’s office and supported by a co-ordinating committee of deputy ministers from relevant ministries. In addition to policy coordination, the committee may be responsible for the coordinated monitoring of policy implementation in the area of social inclusion. • Refocus governance efforts on implementation: by ensuring financial coverage of laws. Kosovo’s budgetary and monitoring processes require immediate and urgent reform. Financing for social inclusion policies must be institutionalized, particularly for the health and education sectors, as well as for gender-equity, people with special needs and the protection of Kosovo-RAE groups. • Refocus governance efforts on accountability: by improving statistics and monitoring. Strategies and interventions should contain specific and measurable targets and indicators, tailored specifically towards priority social inclusion goals. To make these measures effective, the evidence base for social inclusion must be strengthened. The last comprehensive census in Kosovo was conducted in 1981 and the present demographic data are estimates. The Statistical Office of Kosovo needs urgent strengthening, and its links with line Ministries should be improved. • Ensure responsive and inclusive decentralization policies: Kosovo must refocus its decentraliza- 98 | KOSOVO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 tion policy on strengthening the relationships between authorities and communities. Currently, municipalities lack sufficiently strong financial and human resources to implement social inclusion policies developed at the central level. Resource allocation models between central and municipal levels must be proportional to the scale of challenges to ensure that the most vulnerable can benefit. The competencies of local administrators and service providers must also be improved, to provide clear direction on minimum standards of access to basic services. • Tailor sectoral resourcing to target specific barriers to social inclusion: where exclusion is particularly marked, urgent remedial action should be taken through specific sectoral strategies to reach out the excluded. For example, in the health sector, the barriers faced by the frail elderly, rural women and their children, poor young people and Kosovo-RAE communities to access the most basic health services, absorb critical health information, protect themselves from environmental hazards (particularly chronic lead intoxication in Mitrovicë/Mitrovica) and pay for medicines should be addressed through locally tailored campaigns funded through central resources. In the education system, special campaigns must be implemented to increase access to mainstream education for the disabled, rural girls, Kosovo-RAE groups and preschool children (particularly the poor) – including such initiatives as specially-funded transport to and from schools, establishing preschool facilities, adapting schools for children with special needs and
outreach to parents and families to improve the prioritization of education among the excluded. • Institutionalize gender balanced public consultations at both central and local levels: Kosovo requires an institutionalized rather than ad hoc public consultation mechanism to ensure that the voices of excluded groups can be heard during policy formulation, and feedback provided to groups once policies are developed. Particular care must be taken to ensure that both women and men are consulted from among vulnerable groups, as their issues and concerns will differ. Consultations, especially with socially excluded groups, may help to identify priorities for interventions, create consensus, explore ideas, improve acceptance of new proposals, find cost-efficient policy solutions and increase transparency in decisionmaking and service delivery. Local consultation mechanisms should also be established to target social assistance more effectively and activate people experiencing social exclusion. In order to mobilize their potential to link communities and authorities, NGOs require national support to move them from reliance on external funding to a more sustainable source based on their value to governance and communities. • Launch a Kosovo-wide campaign to promote social cohesion: Kosovo needs to address its deepest social fractures before social inclusion policies can take root. This can only be achieved by increasing public awareness of the high socio-economic cost of discrimination, providing opportunities for inter-community dialogue and fostering mutual engagement in the civic participation process by excluded groups on the one hand and political powerholders on the other. Such an extensive programme would necessarily have to be developed and funded at the central level, by the Kosovo coordination mechanism for social inclusion; however, it must also be tailored to individual municipal needs and included in municipal budgets. Three critical areas for social intervention include gender equity in the socio-economic and political sphere, rigid inter-ethnic tensions between Kosovo-Albanians and Kosovo-Serbs (including the security of returnees) and integration of discriminated Kosovo-RAE communities. Since a great deal of legislation already exists on all of these issues, a coordinated strategy should focus instead on selecting priority areas for action (both issue-based and geographical), allocating financing and developing indicators to measure shifts in public perception and social alliances for development. • Expand the labour market, with a focus on rural transformation: since inclusive employment links closely to social cohesion and selfreliance, Kosovo cannot afford to wait for macro-economic changes to expand its labour market. In the interim, Kosovo must accelerate reforms to its business climate to allow SMEs to flourish, particularly in communities with very low employment rates and high disparities in employment between ethnic groups. A job-seeker initiative is urgently needed to direct young jobseekers and the recently unemployed towards work-readiness training and potential new job opportunities. Public-private partnerships would be essential FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 99
- Page 45 and 46: lower access to services than urban
- Page 47 and 48: contract enforcement and privatizat
- Page 49 and 50: produce a high risk of social exclu
- Page 51 and 52: 3.1 Access to education and exclusi
- Page 53 and 54: ns of exclusion as well the composi
- Page 55 and 56: sive education depends on deep coop
- Page 57 and 58: point these groups more precisely,
- Page 59 and 60: FIGURe 3.2 2004/05 2006/07 Grade 1
- Page 61 and 62: Kosova Education Centre (KEC) was i
- Page 63 and 64: learning in its legislative framewo
- Page 65 and 66: 4.1 CHAPTER 4 Health care services
- Page 67 and 68: ported deaths. However, Kosovo face
- Page 69 and 70: the same levels of difficulties as
- Page 71 and 72: to healthcare. For many, it is simp
- Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Promoting inclusion in healthca
- Page 75 and 76: 5.1 Political participation and exc
- Page 77 and 78: for all Kosovans, the level of publ
- Page 79 and 80: the Department for Registration and
- Page 81 and 82: were women. 188 In minority communi
- Page 83 and 84: with the mayor and his job, two thi
- Page 85 and 86: Table 5.6 % of respondents attendin
- Page 87: public meetings are not always the
- Page 90 and 91: • and created Human Development S
- Page 92 and 93: tion against certain ethnic groups
- Page 94 and 95: passes poor health and education va
- Page 98 and 99: to the success of this scheme, by,
- Page 100 and 101: The under-five infant mortality rat
- Page 103 and 104: Human Development Index according t
- Page 105 and 106: Introduction 1 Preparing for a futu
- Page 107 and 108: 65 USAID and Swiss Cooperation Offi
- Page 109: gagement.pdf. 156 See Civic Capacit
and cross-ministerial collaboration,<br />
uncoordinated initiatives may<br />
jeopardize each-other. To improve<br />
policy coordination for an eventual<br />
<strong>Kosovo</strong> <strong>Development</strong> Framework,<br />
leadership on social inclusion<br />
should be formalized under the<br />
Prime Minister’s office and supported<br />
by a co-ordinating committee<br />
of deputy ministers from<br />
relevant ministries. In addition to<br />
policy coordination, the committee<br />
may be responsible for the<br />
coordinated monitoring of policy<br />
implementation in the area of social<br />
inclusion.<br />
• Refocus governance efforts on<br />
implementation: by ensuring financial<br />
coverage of laws. <strong>Kosovo</strong>’s<br />
budgetary and monitoring processes<br />
require immediate and urgent<br />
reform. Financing for social inclusion<br />
policies must be institutionalized,<br />
particularly for the health and<br />
education sectors, as well as for<br />
gender-equity, people with special<br />
needs and the protection of <strong>Kosovo</strong>-RAE<br />
groups.<br />
• Refocus governance efforts on<br />
accountability: by improving statistics<br />
and monitoring. Strategies<br />
and interventions should contain<br />
specific and measurable targets<br />
and indicators, tailored specifically<br />
towards priority social inclusion<br />
goals. To make these measures effective,<br />
the evidence base for social<br />
inclusion must be strengthened.<br />
The last comprehensive census<br />
in <strong>Kosovo</strong> was conducted in 1981<br />
and the present demographic data<br />
are estimates. The Statistical Office<br />
of <strong>Kosovo</strong> needs urgent strengthening,<br />
and its links with line Ministries<br />
should be improved.<br />
• Ensure responsive and inclusive<br />
decentralization policies: <strong>Kosovo</strong><br />
must refocus its decentraliza-<br />
98 | KOSOVO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT <strong>2010</strong><br />
tion policy on strengthening the<br />
relationships between authorities<br />
and communities. Currently, municipalities<br />
lack sufficiently strong<br />
financial and human resources to<br />
implement social inclusion policies<br />
developed at the central level. Resource<br />
allocation models between<br />
central and municipal levels must<br />
be proportional to the scale of<br />
challenges to ensure that the most<br />
vulnerable can benefit. The competencies<br />
of local administrators<br />
and service providers must also be<br />
improved, to provide clear direction<br />
on minimum standards of access<br />
to basic services.<br />
• Tailor sectoral resourcing to<br />
target specific barriers to social<br />
inclusion: where exclusion is particularly<br />
marked, urgent remedial<br />
action should be taken through<br />
specific sectoral strategies to reach<br />
out the excluded. For example, in<br />
the health sector, the barriers faced<br />
by the frail elderly, rural women<br />
and their children, poor young<br />
people and <strong>Kosovo</strong>-RAE communities<br />
to access the most basic health<br />
services, absorb critical health information,<br />
protect themselves<br />
from environmental hazards (particularly<br />
chronic lead intoxication<br />
in Mitrovicë/Mitrovica) and pay for<br />
medicines should be addressed<br />
through locally tailored campaigns<br />
funded through central resources.<br />
In the education system, special<br />
campaigns must be implemented<br />
to increase access to mainstream<br />
education for the disabled, rural<br />
girls, <strong>Kosovo</strong>-RAE groups and preschool<br />
children (particularly the<br />
poor) – including such initiatives<br />
as specially-funded transport to<br />
and from schools, establishing preschool<br />
facilities, adapting schools<br />
for children with special needs and
Change language