Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...

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Table 5.2 ion in 2010 indicates that youth feel largely ignored by decision-makers, with only 5.5 percent certain that their voices are heard by those in authority. Youth activism is stifled in part through lack of institutional organization. In 2010, there were 13 active youth centres in Kosovo. Half of them lacked basic facilities and resources that would Voting patterns by age group Source: Kosovo Mosaic Survey, UNDP 2009 allow them to function. Since the Ministry of Youth, Culture and Sports was established only about five thousand young people have benefited directly, out of a population of approximately 1 million under the age of 25. 190 And yet, the desire to believe in the political process is still evident. The proportion of young people who feel there is little point in voting is still outweighed by those who believe that voting serves some purpose (19.7 percent versus 46.5 percent). A UNICEF survey of youth opinion in 2010 noted a distinct correlation between belief in the political process and ethnic identity, i.e., Kosovo- Albanians has the greatest faith in the process and Kosovo-Serbs the least. Similarly, boys were given much more opportunity than girls to participate in after-school activities that might allow political engagement and youth activism to flourish. A girl’s safety, reputation and housework were prioritized by families over her political engagement. (iii) Ethnic minorities, particularly those without civil status: Kosovo has a poor record of including its minori- 84 | KOSOVO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 % Voting Age Group 18-24 25-45 >45 Total I didn’t vote 29.8 17.9 27.1 23.4 Didn’t attend municipal public meeting 95.4 90.5 88.7 91.3 FIGURe 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Very effective ty groups in the political process, or making efforts to overcome self-exclusion. Exclusion is particularly rife among two ethnic groups: Kosovo- 5.3 Yes, rather effective Neither effective nor effective Youth belief in effectiveness of voting to improve the country (15-24 years old) 13.20% 33.30% 18.80% 10.90% 8.80% 15.10% No, rather effective No, very effective Don’t know Source: Unleashing Change: Kosovo Voices of Youth, UNICEF 2010 Serbs and Kosovo-RAE communities. Both groups are institutionally excluded and self-excluded. The overwhelming majority (86 percent) of Kosovo-Serbs did not vote in the 2007 elections. 191 In the local elections of 2009, the number of voters among the Kosovo-Serb population increased. For these elections, 22 Kosovo-Serb political entities were certified and participated in 17 Kosovo municipalities, including the three municipalities in northern Kosovo – Zvecan/Zvecane, Leposaviq/Leposavic and Zubin Potok. However, there was no Kosovo-Serb turnout of voters in northern Kosovo. This boycott was partially ascribed to intimidation and threats by Serb parallel security forces and the mobilization of Kosovo-Serb radical political forces against the elections - and also lack of a credible Kosovo-Serb political entity participating in the elections. 192 The degree of Kosovo-Serbs’ exclusion from political processes is reflected in their assessment of how mayors perform. Asked about their satisfaction
with the mayor and his job, two thirds of Kosovo-Serbs answered “somewhat dissatisfied” (33 percent) and “very dissatisfied” (21 percent) compared to just one fifth of Albanians. In terms of their satisfaction with the municipal administration, most Kosovo-Serb respondents again fell into the “somewhat dissatisfied” (34.5 percent) and “very dissatisfied” (27 percent) brackets. K-Serbs’ dissatisfaction with political processes is confirmed by data from surveys exploring the reasons about why people consider emigrating from Kosovo. Whereas most Koso- Table 5.3 vo-Albanians see emigration as a route to better economic opportunity (84 percent) and less than 3 percent cite politics as a reason to leave (with other ethnic minorities sharing similar views), more than half of Kosovo-Serbs would wish to escape a disliked political status (52 percent). The exclusion of ethnic minorities is most typified by the virtual absence of representatives of Kosovo-RAE communities in political life. The proportion of RAE holding political office is 8 percent of the rate among other ethnic minorities. Their exclusion has both a cultural and economic basis. Approximately half of RAE are classed as poor, a relatively high proportion (70 percent) are Satisfaction with the mayor’s performance, by ethnicity How satisfied are you with the mayor and his job? K-Albanian K-Serb K-RAE Other Total Very satisfied (%) 18.9 7.2 9.4 8.7 17.4 Somewhat satisfied (%) 58.2 26.9 43.8 67.5 54.9 Somewhat dissatisfied (%) 13.2 32.9 18.8 18.3 15.5 Very dissatisfied (%) 7.0 21.1 6.3 3.2 8.5 Refuses (%) 0.8 4.8 9.4 0.8 1.2 Don’t know (%) 1.9 7.1 12.5 1.6 2.5 Total (%) Source: Kosovo Mosaic Survey, UNDP 2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Table 5.4 What would be the reason for your emigration? K-Albanian Ethnicity K-Serb Others Unfavourable economic situation in family (%) 55.2 20.0 62.9 Joining the family (%) 4.9 8.0 9.7 Better economic opportunities abroad (%) 28.8 12.0 17.7 Dissatisfaction with the current political situation (%) 3.1 52.0 4.8 Something else (%) 1.8 0.0 0.1 Don’t know (%) 6.1 8.0 4.8 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Early Warning Reports, October 2007 to January 2009 and Faton Bislimi, Newborn Kosovo: Some Development and Public Policy Challenges, VICTORY University College - Pristina, Kosova Jalifat Publishing Co. - Houston, Texas, USA, June 2008. uneducated over the age of 12, up to one quarter of women are illiterate and only 42 percent are employed compared to 50 percent of all Kosovans. The POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND EXCLUSION | 85
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The views expressed in this report
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VI specific difficulties that group
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Abbreviations ALMP Active Labour Ma
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The UN’s Human Development Report
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agents without any true sense of ow
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Contents Foreword .................
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to its society. A dramatic effort t
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entated basis for examination of so
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services. The chapter examines spec
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Table 1.1 Low income and the launch
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Ineffective institutional support m
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1 2 3 4 “The basic purpose of dev
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Table Human Development Index (HDI)
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 2 Economic and labour marke
Page 33 and 34: managed to increase its public expe
Page 35 and 36: absence of material well-being and
Page 37 and 38: not protect from exclusion from goo
Page 39 and 40: more than half of its members who a
Page 41 and 42: FIGURe 75 percent of male youth age
Page 43 and 44: Education: the probability of exclu
Page 45 and 46: lower access to services than urban
Page 47 and 48: contract enforcement and privatizat
Page 49 and 50: produce a high risk of social exclu
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 Access to education and exclusi
Page 53 and 54: ns of exclusion as well the composi
Page 55 and 56: sive education depends on deep coop
Page 57 and 58: point these groups more precisely,
Page 59 and 60: FIGURe 3.2 2004/05 2006/07 Grade 1
Page 61 and 62: Kosova Education Centre (KEC) was i
Page 63 and 64: learning in its legislative framewo
Page 65 and 66: 4.1 CHAPTER 4 Health care services
Page 67 and 68: ported deaths. However, Kosovo face
Page 69 and 70: the same levels of difficulties as
Page 71 and 72: to healthcare. For many, it is simp
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Promoting inclusion in healthca
Page 75 and 76: 5.1 Political participation and exc
Page 77 and 78: for all Kosovans, the level of publ
Page 79 and 80: the Department for Registration and
Page 81: were women. 188 In minority communi
Page 85 and 86: Table 5.6 % of respondents attendin
Page 87: public meetings are not always the
Page 90 and 91: • and created Human Development S
Page 92 and 93: tion against certain ethnic groups
Page 94 and 95: passes poor health and education va
Page 96 and 97: and cross-ministerial collaboration
Page 98 and 99: to the success of this scheme, by,
Page 100 and 101: The under-five infant mortality rat
Page 103 and 104: Human Development Index according t
Page 105 and 106: Introduction 1 Preparing for a futu
Page 107 and 108: 65 USAID and Swiss Cooperation Offi
Page 109: gagement.pdf. 156 See Civic Capacit
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