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Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...

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The overlap between those excluded<br />

from factor markets and those excluded<br />

from basic goods and services<br />

is surprisingly small: of the total 7.6 percent<br />

of households excluded from all<br />

factor markets, more than half (about<br />

60 percent) are able to meet their<br />

critical needs. This discrepancy can<br />

be explained by the fact that around<br />

20 percent of households receive remittances<br />

43 and around 8 percent of<br />

households receive social protection<br />

transfers.<br />

FIGURe<br />

2.2<br />

4.6%<br />

Proportion of<br />

households excluded<br />

only from factor<br />

markets<br />

In <strong>Kosovo</strong>, the role of social protection<br />

transfers is limited to improving<br />

the welfare of the population 44 because<br />

the current social protection system 45 is<br />

characterised by very limited benefits 46<br />

and low coverage of the poor. 47 However,<br />

studies have shown that migration<br />

and remittances have been the most effective<br />

mechanism for reducing the poverty<br />

of recipient families. 48<br />

(iii) Drivers of exclusion: the three primary<br />

drivers of the exclusion mecha-<br />

38 | KOSOVO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT <strong>2010</strong><br />

3%<br />

nism in <strong>Kosovo</strong> are joblessness, low<br />

productivity in agriculture sector and<br />

the weak social protection sysem.<br />

Joblessness: in the previous sub<br />

sections we have seen how a lack of<br />

jobs leads to exclusion from essential<br />

and mainstream economic processes.<br />

Joblessness may also lead to weakening<br />

of motivation and make the long-term<br />

unemployed even more passive. Youth<br />

unemployment can take a particularly<br />

high toll, leading to the long-run loss of<br />

Intersection between those that are excluded from factor markets and those<br />

excluded from basic goods and services<br />

18.2%<br />

Proportion of<br />

households excluded only<br />

from basic goods<br />

and services<br />

self-esteem. Unemployment can weaken<br />

family harmony and coherence and<br />

increase gender divisions.<br />

In the previous sections we have<br />

also seen that employment alone does<br />

If you are over 40, it is very difficult<br />

to get a steady job therefore I have to<br />

take more seasonal and temporary<br />

jobs.<br />

An unemployed participant of a<br />

focus group

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