Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...

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Table Human Development Index (HDI) provement is not purely attributable to a rise in GDP; this time period also saw a significant increase in the number of high schools and university education facilities, public and private, leading to a significant increase of enrolment rates in secondary and tertiary education, adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling (see Table 1.3). Year 2007 2010 Life expectancy index 0.840 0.84429 Education index 0.712 0.74830 GDP index 0.521 0.54331 HDI value Note: For HDI calculation see Annex 2 0.678 0.700 The relationships between GDP growth, public spending on health and education and human development indicators in Kosovo are complex. The rise from 2007- 2010 suggests that public spending does impact daily life in Kosovo and improve wellbeing for many. However, the stagnation of many other key indicators – includ- 30 | KOSOVO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2010 Life expectancy at birth (years) Mean years of schooling Expected years of schooling Gross national income (GNI) per capita Slovenia 0.828 78.8 9.0 16.7 25,857 Montenegro 0.769 74.6 10.6 14.4 12,491 Croatia 0.767 76.7 9.0 13.8 16,389 Bulgaria 0.743 73.7 9.9 13.7 11,139 Serbia 0.735 74.4 9.5 13.5 10,449 Albania 0.719 76.9 10.4 11.3 7,976 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.710 75.5 8.7 13.0 8,222 Macedonia (The former Yugoslav Republic) 0.701 74.5 8.2 12.3 9,487 Kosovo 0.70025 69.026 11.427 1228 5,575* Sources: Indicators for countries in the region taken from the UNDP Global Human Development Report 2010 Indicators for Kosovo calculated by UNDP Kosovo Research and Policy Unit according to the GHDR 2010, p.215. * IMF Country Report No. 10/245, July 2010 Table 1.2 1.3 Kosovo Human Development Index 2010 – a regional comparison Human Development Indicators Kosovo 2007-2010 ing poverty and unemployment rates – and the ongoing and even worsening disparities between groups suggests that the benefits of GDP growth are not shared equally across society. The most vulnerable are missing out. If economic and governance progress leave large segments of the population behind, then Kosovo’s EU aspirations may be long delayed. Kosovo has some of the highest unemployment rates and the lowest public expenditure on social protection compared to the countries in the region. It is estimated that about 48 percent of the labour force was unemployed in 2008. Unemployment tends to be long term, where nearly 82 percent of the unemployed are out of work for more than 12 months. Only 3.7 percent of GDP or 12.7 percent of total government expenditure is allocated for social protection. Moreover, the social protection system does not reach 75 percent of the poor and tends to reinforce dependency and the status quo. In this context, migration and remittances have been an effective
mechanism for mitigating poverty in Kosovo. The poor are geographically concentrated in rural areas and in a few regions of Kosovo. Many groups and individuals living in rural areas are more excluded in terms of access to health care and education, as well basic utilities. 36 percent of households reported that they do not have access to one such essential service as tap water, sanitation and electricity. Members of the minority Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian (RAE) communities are more socially and economically excluded than others. Employment among these communities, for instance, is much lower than the average; just 75 percent of male youth aged 15-24 are unemployed. One quarter of RAE children does not attend primary school at all and the picture is worse with regard to secondary school. Other groups are also threatened by exclusion from jobs, education and health. The unemployment rate for youth stands at 73 percent. This unemployment is also marked by gender disparity. The unemployment rate for women is 55 percent, while for men it is 39 percent. The number of students that are pushed out of school continues to be high, especially among girls. Only 10 percent of children with disabilities are enrolled in school. Pensioners are often excluded from quality services as their monthly pensions are not sufficient to cover the costs of regular care and essential medicines. When viewed through the lens of social inclusion, Kosovo’s reform and renewal effort requires re-thinking to prioritize its equity as much as (if not more than) its speed. This is essential to develop the potential of the people of Kosovo – and achieve social inclusion as it is understood across Europe. In reframing the human development process in Kosovo, objective measures of social exclusion (e.g., disparities in poverty levels, literacy levels, access to public services, unemployment etc.) and subjective measures of exclusion (e.g., perceptions and opinions on exclusion, satisfaction with services and political representation, readiness to participate in the democratic process) are equally important as guides towards future policy recommendations. The following chapters elaborate how such a re-framing might be achieved. SOCIAL INCLUSION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - A CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND | 31
Page 1: The views expressed in this report
Page 4 and 5: VI specific difficulties that group
Page 7 and 8: Abbreviations ALMP Active Labour Ma
Page 9 and 10: The UN’s Human Development Report
Page 11 and 12: agents without any true sense of ow
Page 13: Contents Foreword .................
Page 16 and 17: to its society. A dramatic effort t
Page 18 and 19: entated basis for examination of so
Page 20 and 21: services. The chapter examines spec
Page 22 and 23: Table 1.1 Low income and the launch
Page 24 and 25: Ineffective institutional support m
Page 26 and 27: 1 2 3 4 “The basic purpose of dev
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 2 Economic and labour marke
Page 33 and 34: managed to increase its public expe
Page 35 and 36: absence of material well-being and
Page 37 and 38: not protect from exclusion from goo
Page 39 and 40: more than half of its members who a
Page 41 and 42: FIGURe 75 percent of male youth age
Page 43 and 44: Education: the probability of exclu
Page 45 and 46: lower access to services than urban
Page 47 and 48: contract enforcement and privatizat
Page 49 and 50: produce a high risk of social exclu
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 Access to education and exclusi
Page 53 and 54: ns of exclusion as well the composi
Page 55 and 56: sive education depends on deep coop
Page 57 and 58: point these groups more precisely,
Page 59 and 60: FIGURe 3.2 2004/05 2006/07 Grade 1
Page 61 and 62: Kosova Education Centre (KEC) was i
Page 63 and 64: learning in its legislative framewo
Page 65 and 66: 4.1 CHAPTER 4 Health care services
Page 67 and 68: ported deaths. However, Kosovo face
Page 69 and 70: the same levels of difficulties as
Page 71 and 72: to healthcare. For many, it is simp
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Promoting inclusion in healthca
Page 75 and 76: 5.1 Political participation and exc
Page 77 and 78: for all Kosovans, the level of publ
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the Department for Registration and
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were women. 188 In minority communi
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with the mayor and his job, two thi
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Table 5.6 % of respondents attendin
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public meetings are not always the
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• and created Human Development S
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tion against certain ethnic groups
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passes poor health and education va
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and cross-ministerial collaboration
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to the success of this scheme, by,
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The under-five infant mortality rat
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Human Development Index according t
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Introduction 1 Preparing for a futu
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65 USAID and Swiss Cooperation Offi
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gagement.pdf. 156 See Civic Capacit
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