Kosovo Human Development Report 2010 - UNDP Kosovo - United ...

27 Ibd.
28 MEST 2009/ 2010.
29 SOK 2002-2008.
30 MEST 2009/ 2010 and SOK 2002-2008.
31 IMF Country Report No. 10/245, July 2010.
Chapter 2
32 See World Bank, Kosovo Economic Memorandum, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit, European
and Central Asia Region, Report No: 28023 KOS, 2004.
33 Domestic credit increased from 892 million Euros as of December 2007 to 1,183 million Euros in December 2008
amounting to a yearly increase of 32.6% (Central Bank of Kosovo, Monthly Bulletin, May 2009).
34 All growth rates except for the CPI are given in constant prices.
35 Statistical Office of Kosovo, Labour Force Survey 2008, 2009.
36 Disproportionally affecting youth, women and long term unemployed.
37 See UNDP, “Early Warning Report” Fast Facts Nr. 25, 26, 27, 2009.
38 Statistical Office of Kosovo, Labour Force Survey 2008, 2009.
39 Living below the poverty line of EUR 1.42 per adult equivalent per day in 2002 prices.
40 Living below the extreme (food) poverty line of EUR 0.93 per day in 2002 prices.
41 The two-third of all the poor lived in rural areas based on the World Bank Poverty Assessment report (World Bank,
2007).
42 Kosovo Mosaic Survey was 2009 conducted with 6,400 households from 33 municipalities. The survey collected
primary data through face-to-face interviews using a custom-designed research tool. Each of Kosovo’s thirty-three
municipalities was assigned a proportional number of respondents based on population figures and the sample
was split equally between urban and rural areas, to reflect the differing nature of Kosovo’s human complexion and
to ensure that the sample is representative of the whole of Kosovo.
43 Kosovo Remittances Study, UNDP Kosovo, 2010.
44 When the World Bank calculates that in the absence of social assistance, poverty is higher by about 2 percentage
points; whereas in the absence of pensions poverty is higher by about 4 percentage points (See World Bank 2007).
45 The social protection system in Kosovo comprises social assistance benefits, a basic pension system and disability
pensions, complemented by special schemes for war invalids. The World Bank calculates that in the absence of
the social assistance, poverty would be higher by about 2 percentage points; whereas in the absence of pensions
poverty would be higher by about 4 percentage points (See World Bank 2007).
46 While basic pension system is paid to each individual above 65 year age in amount of EUR 40, social assistance
benefits are paid to households in average amount of EUR 60 (See White Paper on Social Policies, 2009).
47 Specifically, over 75 percent of the poor are not reached by the social assistance program. The social protection
programmes provided income support to some 8 percent of the population that is, about 2 percent by social assistance
and 6 percent by pensions. The poverty-targeted social assistance benefit reaches only 22 percent of very
poor households and 16 percent of poor households, while the basic pension reaches 94 percent of those 65 (See
World Bank 2007).
48 According to the World Bank Poverty Assessment about 1 in 5 Kosovans report having at least one household
member who is a migrant abroad, just as many reported having received remittances from abroad. By comparison
only 13 percent of the population receives social assistance benefits (World Bank 2007).
49 The data from the table 2.5 showed that 30.2 percent of those households excluded from basic goods and services
have one employed member. Similarly, 28.7 percent of those unable to meet their critical needs are poor despite
access to both land and the labour market.
50 See Khan, A. (2005).
51 The World Bank Poverty Assessment in 2007 reports a growing inequality for Kosovo, especially in rural areas. The
most commonly reported measure of inequality (the Gini index) increased from 27 percent to 30 percent in 2005.
52 Currently, the private sector in Kosovo is dominated by micro-enterprises and continues to be heavily oriented
towards small-scale trading and low-value-added services. According to Business Registration (ARBK) statistics,
there are around 90,000 registered businesses in Kosovo, of which 98% are micro-enterprises. Most firms are organized
as sole proprietorships (91%) and partnerships (3.3%), employing less than five workers. In terms of sectoral
distribution, of the 90,000 firms registered, about 56% are engaged in trade, hotels and restaurants, 9.4% are in
manufacturing, and 1.8% are in agriculture (SME Agency: Annual Report in 2009).
53 Doing Business 2010, Reforming Through Difficult Times, World Bank & IFC, a Co-publication of Pulgrave Macmillan,
IFC and the World Bank, 2009.
54 See World Bank 2007.
55 See SOK, Labour Force Surveys 2004- 2008.
56 An Overview of Business Owned by women in 2006, SHE-ERA, Women Entrepreneurs in Kosovo: Research Paper,
2006.
57 See SHE-ERA (2006).
58 See World Bank (2010).
59 In 2008, only 4 percent of business credits were channelled into the agriculture sector: see Central Bank of Kosovo,
Monthly Statistics Bulletin, December 2008.
60 World Bank Report on Enhancing Job Opportunities in Eastern Europe and CIS, 2005.
61 Smallholder farming is defined as operating a farm of 2 hectares and less.
62 Extension services are non-formal educational program implemented and designed to help people use researchbased
knowledge to improve their agricultural production or life. The services are usually provided by the state’s
designated institutions. In most states the educational offerings are in the areas of agriculture and food, home
and family, the environment, community economic development and youth.
63 Exposure to uninsured risks – the result of natural disaster or weather change and price volatility- has high efficiency
and welfare cost for rural households and little progress has been made in reducing uninsured risks in
smallholder agriculture.
64 Child Poverty in Kosovo - Policy Options Paper, UNICEF 2010.
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