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240 AEOrND THE WOELD. " As the earth supports those who trample it under foot, and rend its bosom with the plow, so should we return good for evilJ" " The virtuous man is like the gigantic banyan-tree, whose beneficent shade affords freshness and life to the plants that surround it." Brahmans further believe the soul emanating from Brahm to be divine and immortal ; and, as it was given pure from all stain, it can not re-ascend to the celestial abode till" it shall have been purified from all faults committed through its union with matter. They teach universal charity, —teach that self should be secondary, and that selfishness leads to hells and re-births ; while happiness and ultimate redemption come through purity and entire self-renunciation. Benevolence and good deeds lead to homes among the gods. Some of the Vedic " hymns are addressed to deified men who had attained their divinity through beneficent work." Other of these ancient hymns treat of charity and good works as means of salvation. Listen — : " He who keeps his food to himself has his sin to himself also." "He who gives alms goes to the highest heavens, — goes to the gods." " To be kind to the poor is to be greater than the greatest there." " Mortal life ended, go thou home to the fathers, and, if thou hast deserved it, dwell in a shining body with the gods."
CHAPTER XVI. THE RISE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA. Buddha, of the family of the Sakyas and clan of the Guataraas, was not properly a Brahman by birth, but belonged to the line of royalty. History pronounces him the son of a rajah of Kapilavastu, a kingdom probably in Nepal, near the foot of the Himalaya Mountains, north of Oudh. As a boy he was beautiful and brilliant, as a youth remarkable for his candor and contemplation. His wife was the accomplished Gopa. Riding as a prince in his father's city, in a chariot, observing the poverty, misery, and death around him, and contemplating upon the vanity of earthly things, he contrasted all this anxiety, this misery, with the calmness and true freedom of a religious devotee, a sort of an ascetic beggar, sitting at the city gate. The sight opened in his soul a new fountain and, though a proud prince, he threw aside his royal attire, crushed caste under his feet, and retired to a hermitage for six years. Bralmaanical theology, with its sacrifices, ceremonial practices, and Pharisaic conceits growing out of caste, early disgusted this religious enthusiast. The world was selfish and hollow. He renounced it, — renounced all pleasure, and, through humiliation and meditation, sought to conquer himself. Subjecting the lower nature to the higher, engaging in fasting, prayer, and penances, he was blessed with ecstatic visions which pointed to true knowledge — the way of sails 241
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240 AEOrND THE WOELD.<br />
" As the earth supports those who trample it under foot,<br />
and rend its bosom with the plow, so should we return<br />
good for evilJ"<br />
" The virtuous man is like the gigantic banyan-tree,<br />
whose beneficent shade affords freshness and life to the<br />
plants that surround it."<br />
Brahmans further believe the soul emanating from Brahm<br />
to be divine and immortal ; and, as it was given pure from<br />
all stain, it can not re-ascend to the celestial abode till" it<br />
shall have been purified from all faults committed through<br />
its union with matter. They teach universal charity, —teach<br />
that self should be secondary, and that selfishness leads to<br />
hells and re-births ; while happiness and ultimate redemption<br />
come through purity and entire self-renunciation.<br />
Benevolence and good deeds lead to homes among the gods.<br />
Some of the Vedic " hymns are addressed to deified<br />
men who had attained their divinity through beneficent<br />
work." Other of these ancient hymns treat of charity and<br />
good works as means of salvation. Listen —<br />
:<br />
" He who keeps his food to himself has his sin to himself<br />
also."<br />
"He who gives alms goes to the highest heavens, — goes<br />
to the gods."<br />
" To be kind to the poor is to be greater than the greatest<br />
there."<br />
" Mortal life ended, go thou home to the fathers, and, if<br />
thou hast deserved it, dwell in a shining body with the<br />
gods."