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CHAPTER XV. INDIA S KELIGIONS, MOEALS, AND SOCIAL CHARACTEEISTICS. The higher classes of these Asiatics have fine-looking faces. Tall and rather commanding in person, easy and graceful in movement, they have pleasant, open countenances, dark eyes with long eyebrows, glossy black hair, — of which they seem proud, — thoughtful casts of expression, and full, high foreheads. The complexion is olive, shaded, according to caste and indoor or outdoor exercise, towards the dark of the Nubian, or white of the Northman. In Northern India they are nearly as fair as Caucasians ; and, what is more, English scholars have been forced to admit that the Hindoo mind, in capacity, is not a whit behind the European. In hospitality they have no superiors. The lower, oppressed classes, as in other countries, are rude, rustic, and vulgar ! As a people I have found the Hindoos exceedingly polite. When two Brahmans meet, lifting each the hand, or both hands, to the forehead, they say, " NamasTcar " (I respectfully salute you). Sometimes the inferior bows, and touches the feet of the higher personage, the latter exclaiming, I '-'' hless you : may you he happy!" The Hindoo, naturally mild, meek, and fond of peace, will sooner put up with oppression than engage in a battle of recrimination and violence. An English ethnologist considers him sufiiciently " womanly to be considered effeminate." Certainly, his patience and cool self-possession, inclining him to sail tran- 222

India's eeligion^ and social characteristics. 223 quilly along the placid waters of life, present a striking contrast to the impatience, ambition, and dictatorial spirit of Anglo-Saxons. Each and all, however, fill their places in the pantheon of history. THE ELALI GHAUT AND SLAIN GOATS. Religion, when unenlightened by education and unguided by reason, degenerates into superstition. The Kali temple, situated in the suburbs of Calcutta, sacred to the ugly-looking, bloodthirsty goddess Kali^ was to me a deeply interesting sight, because showing unadulterated Hindooism in its present low, degraded state. The shrines and the altars, the flower-covered ling^ and the crimson yard all wet and dripping with the blood of goats sacrificed at the rising of the sun, forcibly reminded me of the Old Testament sacrifices offered as sweet-smelling savors to Jehovah, the tutelary god of the Jews. The bowing of the face to the earth, the kissing of cold stones, the smearing of the face with mud, the liturgical mutterings, and the howling beggary by the wayside, were all repulsive in the extreme. The temple was only a coarse, ordinary structure. Being Christians, we were not permitted to pass the threshold. These temples are not constructed, as are churches, to hold the people ; but rather as imposing shelters for the gods, priests, and sacrificial offerings. The worshipers around them are generally of the lower castes. Conversing on the spot with one of these officiating Brahman priests, he assured me that the throng present did not worship the Kali image. " It is a symbol," said he, " leading the mind to invisible." the higher and the Doubting his statement, and pondering, I silently said. Here is retrogression^ for the most ancient of the Vedas taught the existence of one infinite God. The Orientalist, Prof. Wilson, says, " The Aryans believed in one God, who created the world by his fiat, and organized it by his wisdom." After the composition of the first Vedas, with the post-Vedic priesthood, came mythology, and the different castes.

CHAPTER XV.<br />

INDIA S KELIGIONS, MOEALS, AND SOCIAL CHARACTEEISTICS.<br />

The higher classes of these Asiatics have fine-looking<br />

faces. Tall and rather commanding in person, easy and<br />

graceful in movement, they have pleasant, open countenances,<br />

dark eyes with long eyebrows, glossy black hair, —<br />

of which they seem proud, — thoughtful casts of expression,<br />

and full, high foreheads. The complexion is olive, shaded,<br />

according to caste and indoor or outdoor exercise, towards<br />

the dark of the Nubian, or white of the Northman. In<br />

Northern India they are nearly as fair as Caucasians ; and,<br />

what is more, English scholars have been forced to admit<br />

that the Hindoo mind, in capacity, is not a whit behind the<br />

European. In hospitality they have no superiors. The<br />

lower, oppressed classes, as in other countries, are<br />

rude, rustic,<br />

and vulgar !<br />

As a people I have found the Hindoos exceedingly polite.<br />

When two Brahmans meet, lifting each the hand, or both<br />

hands, to the forehead, they say, " NamasTcar " (I respectfully<br />

salute you). Sometimes the inferior bows, and<br />

touches the feet of the higher personage, the latter exclaiming,<br />

I '-'' hless you : may you he happy!" The Hindoo, naturally<br />

mild, meek, and fond of peace, will sooner put up with<br />

oppression than engage in<br />

a battle of recrimination and violence.<br />

An English ethnologist considers him sufiiciently<br />

" womanly to be considered effeminate." Certainly, his<br />

patience and cool self-possession, inclining him to sail tran-<br />

222

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