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He gazed up at the enormous face. Forty years it had taken him to learn what kind of smile was hidden beneath the dark mustache. O cruel, needless misunderstanding! O stubborn, self-willed exile from the loving breast! Two gin-scented tears trickled down the sides of his nose. But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. THE END
APPENDIX The Principles of Newspeak NEWSPEAK WAS THE official language of Oceania and had been devised to meet the ideological needs of Ingsoc, or English Socialism. In the year 1984 there was not as yet anyone who used Newspeak as his sole means of communication, either in speech or writing. The leading articles in the Times were written in it, but this was a tour de force which could only be carried out by a specialist. It was expected that Newspeak would have finally superseded Oldspeak (or Standard English, as we should call it) by about the year 2050. Meanwhile it gained ground steadily, all Party members tending to use Newspeak words and grammatical constructions more and more in their everyday speech. The version in use in 1984, and embodied in the Ninth and Tenth Editions of the Newspeak dictionary, was a provisional one, and contained many superfluous words and archaic formations which were due to be suppressed later. It is with the final, perfected version, as embodied in the Eleventh Edition of the dictionary, that we are concerned here. The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought—that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc—should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words. Its vocabulary was so constructed as to give exact and often very subtle expression to every meaning that a Party member could properly wish to express, while excluding all other meanings and also the possibility of arriving at them by indirect methods. This was done partly by the invention of new words, but chiefly by eliminating undesirable words and by stripping such words as remained of unorthodox meanings, and so far as possible of all secondary meanings whatever. To give a single example. The word free still existed in Newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements as "This dog is free from lice" or "This field is free from weeds." It could not be used in its old sense of "politically free" or "intellectually free" since political and intellectual freedom no longer existed even as concepts, and were therefore of necessity nameless. Quite apart from the suppression of definitely heretical words, reduction of vocabulary was regarded as an end in itself, and no word that could be dispensed with was allowed to survive. Newspeak was designed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought, and this purpose was indirectly assisted by cutting the choice of words down to a minimum. Newspeak was founded on the English language as we now know it, though many Newspeak sentences, even when not containing newly created words, would be barely intelligible to an Englishspeaker of our own day. Newspeak words were divided into three distinct classes, known as the A vocabulary, the B vocabulary (also called compound words), and the C vocabulary. It will be simpler to discuss each class separately, but the grammatical peculiarities of the language can be dealt with in the section devoted to the A vocabulary, since the same rules held good for all three categories.
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Animal Farm and 1984 George Orwell
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HARCOURT, INC. Orlando Austin New Y
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Introduction THE TWO NOVELS THAT yo
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The original title of the novel was
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Eastern Europe, and of those who le
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1 MR. JONES, OF THE Manor Farm, had
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your four confinements and all your
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On the day that sets us free. For t
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Moses, who was Mr. Jones's especial
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eproached her sharply, and they wen
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3 HOW THEY TOILED and sweated to ge
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As for the pigs, they could already
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4 BY THE LATE SUMMER the news of wh
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All the men were gone except one. B
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his own following, and there were s
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can run, but the dogs were close on
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6 ALL THAT YEAR THE animals worked
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Every Monday Mr. Whymper visited th
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avenge himself for his ignominious
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through one of the other pigs, usua
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Comrade Napoleon. Do you not rememb
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that it was their own farm, every i
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8 A FEW DAYS LATER, when the terror
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were only conducted through Whymper
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The very next morning the attack ca
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fired in all—and heard the speech
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9 BOXER'S SPLIT HOOF was a long tim
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There was only one candidate, Napol
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The animals crowded round the van.
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10 YEARS PASSED. The seasons came a
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from the yard. Startled, the animal
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on Animal Farm did more work and re
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One IT WAS A BRIGHT cold day in Apr
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Winston turned round abruptly. He h
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was trying to burrow right into her
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Eurasia, he was advocating freedom
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At this moment the entire group of
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wanted to smudge the creamy paper b
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"Want to see the hanging! Want to s
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wrappings of a cigarette packet—e
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was never fully certain whether or
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satisfactorily under control. Offic
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the disposal of wastepaper. Similar
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ecome uncertain. Winston glanced ac
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was still crouching secretively ove
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"Not one!" said Winston with a sort
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Oldspeak, with all its vagueness an
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Syme looked up. "Here comes Parsons
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Syme swallowed it. Was he, then, al
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Parsons had begun talking again. "D
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divorce, but it rather encouraged s
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women crowding round the stalls of
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The ideal set up by the Party was s
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the very moment of their re-lease.
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Freedom is the freedom to say that
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"Can't you bleeding well listen to
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"You're a gent," said the other, st
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"One of 'em pushed me once," said t
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thing that gleamed softly in the la
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were in it—all the principal ones
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un, he could not strike a blow. Bes
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Two IT WAS THE MIDDLE of the mornin
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it the imbecile Parsons flopped dow
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flat face and tiny, suspicious eyes
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"Yes." "Can you get Sunday afternoo
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she turned round and looked at him
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The first whiff of its scent had st
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had imagined it, she had torn her c
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As it happened, they never went bac
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wondered vaguely how many others li
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"Yes, dear, you would have. I would
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The tune had been haunting London f
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"There's been a lot of tea about la
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"Dearest! You've gone quite pale. W
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The weather was baking hot. In the
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would hold indefinitely, and they w
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"It was no good, because I threw it
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"I am usually at home in the evenin
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with rage when she stopped ladling,
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"We've been lucky," he said "but it
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"Yes," said O'Brien, "we can turn i
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"Yes." "To betray your country to f
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Goldstein. When you looked at O'Bri
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"Oranges and lemons, say the bells
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the political literature of five ye
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so for the past twenty-five years.
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overwork, dirt, illiteracy, and dis
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emaining activities in which the in
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as Obliteration of the Self. The ci
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They did not return to the subject
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of machine production, however, the
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also useful in keying up public mor
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the contradictions inherent in Ings
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circumstances, and were overthrown,
Page 190 and 191: outlived the "Hate Song." Julia wok
Page 192 and 193: "You are the dead," repeated the ir
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Page 196 and 197: forced-labor camps to which most of
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Page 200 and 201: "Of course I'm guilty!" cried Parso
Page 202 and 203: There was a gasp and a flurry at Wi
Page 204 and 205: II HE WAS LYING ON something that f
Page 206 and 207: The man in the white coat did not t
Page 208 and 209: "Another example," he said. "Some y
Page 210 and 211: He paused for a few moments, as tho
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Page 214 and 215: "Yes," said Winston. O'Brien smiled
Page 216 and 217: O'Brien held up the fingers of his
Page 218 and 219: As always, Winston was lying flat o
Page 220 and 221: "We are the priests of power," he s
Page 222 and 223: the love of Big Brother. There will
Page 224 and 225: he had enrolled himself in the Brot
Page 226 and 227: O'Brien looked down at him thoughtf
Page 228 and 229: into his head. He wrote first in la
Page 230 and 231: the wrong, but he preferred to be i
Page 232 and 233: "In your case," said O'Brien, "the
Page 234 and 235: VI THE CHESTNUT TREE was almost emp
Page 236 and 237: Park, on a vile, biting day in Marc
Page 238 and 239: and teacup placed beside the bed ov
Page 242 and 243: The A. vocabulary. The A vocabulary
Page 244 and 245: Some of the B words had highly subt
Page 246 and 247: The intention was to make speech, a
Page 248 and 249: writers, such as Shakespeare, Milto
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