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13. SoM, 56. Kipling continued by saying he endured "on account of Christian doctrine
which lays down that 'the wages of sin is death.'"
14. He was, however, a close observer. See SoM, chapter VI, "South Africa," and his
account of the (slightly ironically titled?) "Battle of Kari Siding" (157–61).
15. "That Day," RKV, 437–38.
16. "The 'Eathen," RKV, 451–53. "They" are the NCOs—"the backbone of the Army is
the Non-commissioned Man."
17. Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade."
18. Orwell probably refers to Karel Čapek (1890–1938), novelist and dramatist, whose
play R.U.R. (1920) features Rossum's Universal Robots and is usually thought to have introduced the
word "robot" into general use. However, according to William Harkins's Karel Capek (1962), it was
Karel's brother Josef (1887–1945) who introduced the word, in a story published in 1917. OED
gives Czech robota—statute labor; robotnik—serf. Possibly forced labor aptly conveys the sense.
19. "East is East, and West is West": "The Ballad of East and West" (1899), RKV, 234–
38. "The white man's burden": from the poem of that title (1899), RKV, 323–24, significantly subtitled
"The United States and the Philippine Islands." The poem was first published in the United States, in
McClure's Magazine. The appeal was initially to Americans, to take responsibility for the less
fortunate, to assume a colonial burden. "What do they know of England who only England know?":
"The English Flag" (1891), RKV, 221–24; Kipling has "What should they know...." "The female of the
species is more deadly than the male": from a poem of that title (1911), RKV, 367–69. "Somewhere
East of Suez": "Mandalay," RKV, 418–20; Kipling has "somewheres." "Paying the Dane-geld":
"Dane-geld," RKV, 712–13.
20. "The Absent-Minded Beggar," RKV, 459–60. Published October 31,1899 in the Daily
Mail; with music composed by Sir Arthur Sullivan, it raised some £250,000 for servicemen and their
dependents. Kipling refused to admit the poem to his collected verse for many years. See SOM, 150;
Carrington, 363–64.
21. Tennyson, "The May-Queen."
22. The poem concludes, in italic: "No doubt but ye are the People.../ On your own
heads, in your own hands, the sin and the saving lies!" (RKV, 304). Kipling records in SoM that
"after a few days' newspaper correspondence" these verses "were dismissed as violent, untimely and
untrue" (222).
23. RKV, 406–8 and 397–98.
24. "Mandalay," RKV, 418–20, hyphenation and punctuation corrected.
25. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896), ardent abolitionist, was the author of Uncle