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24. Stephen Spender (1909–1995, Kt. 1983), poet, novelist, critic, and translator.
25. Edward Falaise Upward (1903—), a novelist.
26. Cyril Connolly (1903–1974) was with Orwell at St. Cyprian's and Eton. They met
again in 1935, and were associated with a number of literary activities, particularly Horizon, which
Connolly edited.
27. By Matthew Arnold (1822–1888), published in 1853.
28. James M. Barrie (1860–1937), a popular Scottish novelist and dramatist. George
Warwick Deeping (1877–1950), a popular novelist, is, with Ethel M. Dell (1881–1939), the object of
Gordon Comstock's contempt in Keep the Aspidistra Flying, chapter I. (See also n. 2, 374)
29. Anaïs Nin (1903–1977), novelist and diarist, with a special interest in psychology,
was born in Paris, where she assisted in editing The Booster (see n. 9 above). Her diary was
published 1966–1974.
30. This essay, "Meditation on El Greco," by Aldous Huxley (1894–1963 ), appeared in
his Music at Night (1931).
31. Job, xxiii, 15, though it continues, "but I will continue my own ways before him."
32. "Sketch of a Marxist Interpretation of Literature," in The Mind in Chains (1937),
edited by C. Day Lewis.
33. Minuit (Midnight in English) (1936) by Julian Green (1900–1999). Green was born
in Paris of American parents and became a prolific French novelist. Orwell reviewed his Personal
Record 1928–1939.
34. E. M. Forster (1879–1970) broadcast for Orwell on a number of occasions in the
BBC's service to India. Among his novels were Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905 ; New York,
1920), A Room with a View (1908; New York, 1911), and Howards End (1910). His critical works
include Aspects of the Novel (1927), Abinger Harvest (1936), and Two Cheers for
Democracy(1951). After the war, Forster supported the Freedom Defence Committee, of which
Orwell was vice chairman.
35. The First Hundred Thousand, Being the Unofficial Chronicle of a Unit of "K(I)"
(Kitchener's First Army, 1915) by Ian Hay; see "Boys' Weeklies," 364, n. 11. Horatio Bottomley
(1860–1933), politician, entrepreneur, and swindler, founded the Financial Times in 1888 and the
popular weekly John Bull (1906–1958), and was its first editor. He was a Liberal MP, 1906–1912
and 1918–1922. He recruited vigorously and unscrupulously for the services during the war and
raised money, ostensibly to further the conduct of the war and to provide for those who suffered in its
cause, through War Savings Certificates. These certificates proved fraudulent. He was tried and
sentenced to seven years' penal servitude in 1922.