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provincial newspapers, and some seventy periodicals, including Women's Journal and Boxing. He
was controller of press relations at the Ministry of Information for a short time in 1939.
Inside the Whale
13. Chapaiev (1935) was directed by the Vassiliev Brothers.
1. Tarr, by Percy Wyndham Lewis (1882–1957), was first serialized in the Egoist, April
1916—November 1917. It was expanded and published as a book in 1918.
2. A series of books by Ernest William Hornung (1866–1921), novelist and journalist,
featured Raffles, an elegant, socially acceptable "amateur cracksman," as Orwell described him in his
essay "Raffles and Miss Blandish," Horizon, October 1944; see 232.
3. The House with the Green Shutters (1901) was the only novel of George Douglas
(1869–1902), pen name of George Douglas Brown.
4. Voyage au Bout de la Nuit (1932), by Louis-Ferdinand Céline (Louis-Ferdinand
Destouches; 1894–1961), was published in English as Journey to the End of the Night (1934).
5. Little Women (1868–69) was by Louisa M. Alcott (1832–1888); Helen's Babies
(1876), by John Habberton (1842–1921). "Riding Down from Bangor" (Bangor, Maine) is an
American folk song.
6. Charles Bedaux (1887–1944), U.S. efficiency engineer, devised the "Bedaux unit" or
point system to assess the amount of work an individual should do in a specific time. The resultant
speed-up of industry in the 1930s on both sides of the Atlantic was opposed by the unions. In London,
it led to a major bus strike in 1937. Bedaux, who had been born in France, returned there in 1937,
collaborated with the Nazis, was arrested by U.S. troops, and charged with treason. He committed
suicide.
7. Max and the White Phagocytes, by Henry Miller (1891–1980), was published in
1938. Tropic of Cancer was published in 1934; Black Spring, in 1936; and Tropic of Capricorn, in
1939.
8. All Quiet on the Western Front (1929), by Erich Maria Remarque (1898–1970). Le
Feu: journal d'une escouade (1916), by Henri Barbusse (1873–1935), was published in English
asUnder Fire: Story of a Squad (1917). It won the Prix Goncourt. A Farewell to Arms (1929) was by
Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961); Death of a Hero (1929, expurgated; 1965, unexpurgated), by
Richard Aldington (1892–1962); Good-bye to All That, an Autobiography (1929), by Robert Graves
(1895–1985); Memoirs of an Infantry Officer (1930), by Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967); A
Subaltern on the Somme in 1916 (1927), by Mark VII (Max Plowman). Plowman was among those
who encouraged Orwell in his early days as a writer.
9. The Booster, a monthly magazine in French and English, was edited by, among others,
Alfred Perlès, Lawrence Durrell, Henry Miller, and William Saroyan, September 1937— Easter