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284<br />

Bandpass Signaling Principles and Circuits Chap. 4<br />

v 1<br />

V p<br />

∏<br />

∏<br />

¨e<br />

(a) Sinusoidal Characteristics<br />

v 1<br />

V p<br />

∏<br />

∏<br />

¨e<br />

(b) Triangle Characteristics<br />

v 1<br />

V p<br />

∏<br />

∏<br />

¨e<br />

(c) Sawtooth Characteristics<br />

Figure 4–20<br />

Some phase detector characteristics.<br />

v in (t) v 1 (t)= K m v in (t)v 0 (t) LPF v 2 (t)<br />

F(f)<br />

v 0 (t)<br />

VCO<br />

Figure 4–21<br />

Analog PLL.<br />

and K v is the VCO gain constant (radV-s). Then PD output is<br />

v 1 (t) = K m A i A 0 sin[v 0 t + u i (t)] cos[v 0 t + u 0 (t)]<br />

= K mA i A 0<br />

2<br />

sin[u i (t) - u 0 (t)] + K mA i A 0<br />

2<br />

sin [2v 0 t + u i (t) + u 0 (t)]<br />

(4–95)

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