563489578934

762 Index
Two-level data, 165
Two-quadrant multiplier, 268
Two random variables, sum of, 714
Two-sided spectrum, 45
Two-wire circuit, 573
Two-wire telephone system, 571
Type II minimum-shift signaling, 381–382
U
Unbalanced mixer, 270
Unbalanced on-off keying, 371
Unbiased power spectral density, 437
Uncorrelated process, 476
Uncorrelated random process, 422
Undesired signal, 294
Uniform distributions, 698, 703
Uniform probability density function, 463
Uniformly distributed random variables,
715–716
Uniformly spaced sample, 253
Uniform quantizing, 142
Union, 682
Unipolar nonreturn-to-zero signaling, 168, 504
Unipolar return-to-zero, 171
Unipolar signaling, 499–501
Unit impulse function, 675
Unit step function, 52–55, 53
Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
(UART), 146
Universal set, 681
Universal synchronous/asynchronous
receiver/transmitter (USART), 146
Universal synchronous receiver/transmitter
(USRT), 146
Unsampled signal, 95, 137
Unsampled waveform, 135
Unwrapping phase, 540
Up converters, 266–272
Upper single sideband (USSB), 324, 326
Urban wireless environments, path loss for,
613–618
V
Value
absolute, 713
expected, 692
integer, 289
noninteger, 289
orthogonal, 422
relative, 42
root-mean-square, 40–41
Vector frequency (VF) delta modulation, 203
Vector representation, 157–159
Vector-sum excited linear prediction
(VSELP), 204, 628
Vectors, real, 713
Vectorscope, 640
Venn diagram, 681
Verizon, 629
Vertical-line resolution, 633
Vertical sync, 631
Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line
(VDSL), 578
Very-high-speed integrated (VHSIC) circuit, 30
Vestigial asymmetric sideband signals, 328–330
Vestigial sideband (VSB), 328, 634
Video distortion in linear systems, 89
Video on demand (VOD), 580
Video signal, 633
Virtual channel, 653
Virtual private network (VPN), 628
Viterbi decoding, 24
Vocoders, 204
Voice-frequency (VF) telephone signal, 151
Voice over Internet (VoIP) protocol, 629
Voltage-controlled clock (VCC), 181
Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), 282–283
W
Wasted carrier power, 548
Waveform
analog, 6, 132, 162
autocorrelation of, 390
bandlimited, 90
bandpass, 238, 239, 241, 245
baseband, 238, 240
coders, 204
convolution of, 60
deterministic, 6–7
digital, 6, 162
direct current, 37–38
direct current value of, 37–38
energy, 41
monitor, 630
periodic, 37, 75, 80
physical, 71, 90–91
physically realizable, 35–36
power, 41
power spectral density of, 244
properties of, 34, 35
random, 7
root-mean-square value of, 40–41
sinusoidal, 43
stochastic, 7
time average operator of, 36–37
time limited, 90
transistor-transistor logic, 238
unsampled, 135
windowed, 98
Waves
ground, 13
periodic rectangular, Fourier coefficients
for, 77–78
radio-frequency, 13, 43
sky, 13
square, 80
Waveshape
filtered, 499
input-signal, 466
known, 464
signal, 469
sinusoidal, 44
WaveStar fiber optic system, 583
Weaver’s method, 327
White bandpass noise, 457–458
White Gaussian noise, 450, 497–498
White noise, 475, 498
process, 435–436
results for, 466–469
Wide pulse, 631
Wide-sense stationarity (WSS), 420, 426,
441, 445
bandpass, 445
bandpass process, properties of,
454–463
definition of, 420–423
Gaussian process, 461
jointly, 451–453
low-pass, 444
random process, 439
Wideband frequency modulation (WBFM),
341, 344–345
Wiener, N., 2
Wiener-Khintchine theorem, 66, 245,
426–428, 428, 432, 475
WiFi, 655–656
Wikipedia, 655, 656
WiMAX, 629, 656–657
Windowed waveform, 98
Wire channel, 9
Wireband frequency modulation, 342–346
Wireless channel, 9
Wireless data networks, 655–657
WiFi, 655–656
WiMAX, 656–657
Wireless local area network (WLAN), 655
Wireless metropolitan area network
(WMAN), 656
Wireline service, 624
Y
Y-factor method, 604
Z
Zenith Electronics Corporation, 649
Zero-crossing bandwidth, 107, 444
Zero-crossing detector, 281
Zero-IF receivers, 296–297
Zero-padding, 100