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760 Index<br />

Signal/signaling (cont.)<br />

phase modulation, 345, 348<br />

phasors of, 43–44<br />

power, 35–36, 537, 546<br />

properties of, 34–44<br />

pulse amplitude modulation, 142<br />

pulse code modulation, 151, 591<br />

quadrature amplitude, 371, 376<br />

quadrature modulated, 240<br />

quadrature modulated, spectrum for, 244<br />

random, 439<br />

random waveform approach to, 34<br />

(See also Waveform)<br />

real, spectral symmetry of, 48<br />

received, 597<br />

recovered analog, 149<br />

satellite, 613–618<br />

sideband, 634<br />

skywave, 10<br />

source, 297<br />

spread spectrum, 396<br />

spreading, 389<br />

start-stop, 210<br />

synchronization, 178, 633<br />

technique, 511<br />

undesired, 294<br />

unsampled, 95, 137<br />

upper single, 326<br />

video, 633<br />

voice-frequency telephone, 151<br />

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 149, 443<br />

Signal waveshape, known, 469<br />

Simple events, 682<br />

Simple probability, 682–683<br />

Single-asymmetric sideband signals, 324–328<br />

Single-balanced mixer, 270<br />

Single-carrier frequency, 619<br />

Single-channel per carrier (SCPC), 590–592<br />

Single-quadrant multiplier, 268<br />

Single-sideband amplitude modulation suppressed<br />

carrier (SSB-AM-SC), 241<br />

Single-sideband envelope (SSB-EV)<br />

detectable, 241<br />

Single-sideband frequency modulation (SSB-<br />

FM), 241<br />

Single-sideband phase modulation<br />

(SSB-PM), 241<br />

Single-sideband square-law (SSB-SQ)<br />

detectable, 241<br />

Single-sideband (SSB), 10, 313, 457,<br />

535–536<br />

Single-sided band mixer, 267<br />

Singular function, 675<br />

Sinusoid<br />

characteristic, 276<br />

damped, spectrum of, 51<br />

distributions, 703–704, 704–706<br />

fast Fourier transform, 104<br />

modulation, 335–337, 342, 345, 542<br />

power spectral density of, 66–67<br />

probability density function for, 703<br />

spectrum of, 54<br />

switched, spectrum of, 62<br />

waveform, 43<br />

waveshape, 44<br />

Sirius XM, 583, 595<br />

6-dB bandwidth, 189, 191<br />

6dB rule, 150<br />

Sky noise temperature, 617<br />

Sky-wave propagation, 15<br />

Sky waves, 10, 13<br />

Slant range, 614<br />

Slicing level, 221<br />

Slope detector, 277<br />

Slope overload noise, 200–203<br />

Slotted ALOHA technique, 594<br />

Small aperture terminals (VSAT), 594<br />

Smart card, 626<br />

Snell’s law, 15<br />

Soft-decision algorithm, 24<br />

Software radios, 297–298<br />

Source<br />

codes, 9, 20<br />

noise, 597, 603, 606<br />

rate, 19<br />

signal, 297<br />

statistic, 495<br />

Space-division multiple access<br />

(SDMA), 590<br />

SPADE system, 590–592<br />

Specialized mobile radio (SMR)<br />

frequency, 628<br />

Spectral efficiency, 184–185, 376–378<br />

maximum, 184<br />

with raised cosine filtering, 376–378<br />

Spectral folding, 95<br />

Spectral shape, 105<br />

Spectrum, 44–63, 164–185<br />

of angle-modulated signals, 336–341<br />

of Bell-type 103 modem, 361–364<br />

binary line coding, 164–174<br />

bit synchronization, 178–181<br />

convolution, 60–63<br />

definition of, 44–48<br />

differential coding, 174–175<br />

Dirac delta function, 52–55<br />

energy spectral density, 49–52<br />

eye patterns, 175–176<br />

for fast Fourier transform, calculating, 101<br />

flat-top sampled pulse amplitude<br />

modulation, 141<br />

multi-level polar NRZ signals, power<br />

spectra for, 181–184<br />

one-sided, 75<br />

Parseval’s Theorem, 49–52<br />

rectangular pulse, 78–79<br />

of rectangular pulse, 56<br />

rectangular pulses, 56–60<br />

regenerative repeaters, 176–178<br />

of sinusoid, 54<br />

spectral efficiency, 184–185<br />

square wave, 78–79<br />

of triangular pulse, 59–60<br />

triangular pulses, 56–60<br />

two-sided, 45<br />

unit step function, 52–55<br />

Speech coding, 204–206<br />

Split-phase encoding, 166<br />

Splitter, installation of, 579<br />

Spot-effective input-noise temperature, 604<br />

Spot noise figure, 603<br />

Spread-spectrum multiple access<br />

(SSMA), 590<br />

Spread spectrum (SS), 388–397<br />

direct sequence, 389–395<br />

frequency bands, 397<br />

frequency hopping, 396–397<br />

overlay, 395<br />

spread spectrum frequency bands, 397<br />

Spreading signal, 389<br />

Sprint, 629, 656<br />

Sprint Nextel Corp., 628<br />

Square-root raised cosine-rolloff Nyquist<br />

filter, 194<br />

Square wave spectrum, 78–79<br />

Square waves, average power for, 80<br />

Squaring loop, 322–324<br />

Standard cable system, 642<br />

Standard deviation, 693<br />

Standard (SD) format, 649<br />

Start-stop signaling, 210<br />

Stationarity<br />

definition of, 416–418<br />

first-order, 417–418<br />

wide-sense, 420, 426, 441, 451–453<br />

Statistic<br />

multivariate, 709<br />

priori, 495<br />

source, 495<br />

test, 494<br />

Step-size algorithm, 203<br />

Stochastic process, 415<br />

Stochastic waveform, 7<br />

Storage, energy, 255<br />

Stored program control, 577<br />

Stream, serial bit, 141<br />

Student Solutions Manual, 7, 724<br />

Subsidiary communications authorization<br />

(SCA), 348–349<br />

Substation point, 614<br />

Subsystems of communication systems, 8<br />

Successive approximation encoding, 145<br />

Sunspots, 13<br />

Superheterodyne receivers, 292–296<br />

Sure events, 683<br />

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter, 257<br />

Switch circuit, 319<br />

Switched sinusoid, spectrum of, 62<br />

Symbol error, 523–524<br />

Symbol rate, 157, 367<br />

Symmetrical digital subscriber line<br />

(SDSL), 578<br />

Synchronization, 524–525

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