01.05.2017 Views

563489578934

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

758 Index<br />

Process/processing (cont.)<br />

stochastic, 415<br />

uncorrelated, 476<br />

white Gaussian-noise, 450<br />

white-noise, 435–436<br />

wide-sense stationary, 444–445<br />

Product, time-bandwidth, 467<br />

Product detection, 137, 275–277, 532, 534<br />

Professional channel, 637<br />

Programmable read-only memory (PROM), 624<br />

Propagation<br />

of electromagnetic waves, 12–17<br />

ground-wave, 13<br />

ionospheric scatter, 17<br />

line-of-sight, 612–613<br />

sky-wave, 15<br />

through ionosphere, 15<br />

Pseudonoise (PN) code, 390, 395<br />

Pseudoternary, 165<br />

Public switched telephone network (PSTN),<br />

570, 583<br />

Pull-in range, 283, 286<br />

Pulse<br />

exponential, spectrum of, 47<br />

horizontal, 636–637<br />

narrow, 631, 636–637<br />

rectangular, 56, 61–62, 91–92, 328<br />

sync, 641, 651<br />

synchronization, 651<br />

triangular, 59–60, 62<br />

wide, 631<br />

Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM),<br />

133–141<br />

clean, 142<br />

flat-top, spectrum for, 139<br />

instantaneous sampled, 138<br />

instantaneous sampling, 137–141<br />

natural sampling, 133–137<br />

quantized, 142<br />

Pulse code modulation (PCM), 133,<br />

141–151, 591<br />

adaptive, 152<br />

bandwidth of, 146–148<br />

differential, 152<br />

encoding, 142–145<br />

linear, 152<br />

noise, effects of, 148–152<br />

nonuniform, 152–155<br />

output signal-to-noise ratio for,<br />

525–530<br />

practical, 145–146<br />

quantizing, 142–145<br />

recovered analog signal at output<br />

of, 529<br />

sampling, 142–145<br />

for telephone systems, 151<br />

Pulse duration modulation (PDM), 220<br />

Pulse position modulation (PPM), 220–224<br />

Pulse time modulation (PTM), 220–224<br />

Pulse width modulation (PWM), 220–224, 319<br />

Q<br />

Q function, 700–701<br />

Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM),<br />

313, 370–371, 371, 376<br />

Quadrature components, 638<br />

Quadrature detector, 278<br />

Quadrature Fourier series, 72–73<br />

Quadrature modulation (QM), 240, 241,<br />

244, 292<br />

Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 313,<br />

367–370, 519–521<br />

offset, 371, 374<br />

π/4, 374<br />

Quadrature transform, 46<br />

Qualcomm, 628<br />

Quantized pulse amplitude modulation<br />

signal, 142<br />

Quantizing, 141, 142–145<br />

noise, 142, 195<br />

nonuniform, 152–155<br />

uniform, 142<br />

Quasi-static approximation, 343<br />

Quieting effect, 537<br />

R<br />

Radiation, 606, 611<br />

Radio, 583, 621–622<br />

Radio broadcast data (RBDC) system, 349<br />

Radio frequency (RF), 13, 43, 653<br />

Raised cosine-rolloff filtering, 191, 376–378<br />

intersymbol interference (ISI), 189–194<br />

Nyquist, 189, 191–192, 194<br />

Ramp encoding, 145<br />

Random-access memory (RAM), 290<br />

Random noise, 150, 439, 534<br />

Random process, 415, 475<br />

bandpass, 476<br />

complex, 423–424<br />

continuous, 416<br />

definition of, 415–416<br />

ergodic, 419–420<br />

function of, 415<br />

Gaussian, 448<br />

power spectral density for, 425<br />

real, 415<br />

single-sideband, 457<br />

uncorrelated, 422<br />

wide-sense stationary, 439<br />

Random signal, 439<br />

Random start-up phase, 453<br />

Random variable map, 415<br />

Random variables, 416, 494, 685<br />

continuously distributed, 688<br />

discretely distributed, 692<br />

functional transformations of, 704–708<br />

Gaussian, 451, 690, 700–702<br />

moments of, 693<br />

orthogonal, 711<br />

two, sum of, 714<br />

uniformly distributed, 715–716<br />

Random waveform, 7, 34<br />

Range<br />

capture, 283<br />

hold-in, 283, 286<br />

lock, 283<br />

pull-in, 283, 286<br />

slant, 614<br />

Raster scanning, 630<br />

Rate<br />

bit, 157, 649<br />

bit error, 10, 26, 493, 523<br />

code, 23<br />

of information, 19<br />

maximum locked sweep, 283<br />

Nyquist, 133<br />

source, 19<br />

symbol, 157, 367<br />

Ratio<br />

average-signal-to-average-noise, 529<br />

carrier-to-noise, 609, 611<br />

decibel signal-to-noise, 42<br />

Rayleigh probability density function, 462<br />

RC low-pass filtering, 85, 187<br />

equivalent bandwidth for, 446<br />

group delay for, 252<br />

intersymbol interference caused by, 187<br />

with nonreturn-to-zero signaling, 504<br />

output autocorrelation for, 442<br />

power spectral density for, 442<br />

root-mean-square bandwidth for, 446<br />

signal-to-noise ratio at output of, 443<br />

Read-only memory (ROM), 290<br />

Real bandpass process, 453<br />

Real random process, 415<br />

Real roots, 713<br />

Real signal, spectral symmetry of, 48<br />

Real vectors, 713<br />

Received signal<br />

plus noise, 254<br />

power, 597–600<br />

power of, 597<br />

Receiver<br />

in band on channel, 351<br />

circuitry, 511<br />

communication systems, subsystem of, 8<br />

direct conversion, 296–297<br />

generalized, 292–296<br />

input, 498<br />

interference in, 297<br />

interference with, 297<br />

superheterodyne, 292–296<br />

zero-IF, 296–297<br />

Receiving antennas, 587<br />

Reception, matched-filter, 498<br />

Reciprocal element, 599<br />

Reconstruction algorithm, 93<br />

Recovered analog signal, 149

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!