563489578934

Index 757
P
Packets, 594
data transmission, 570
switched service, 570
switched transmission system, 219
time modulation, 219
transmission system, 219
Palm telephone, 622
Parallel method, 383
Parity bit, 21
Parseval’s Theorem, 49–52
Party, 577
Paths, multiple, 10
Patterns, eye, 175
Peak envelope power (PEP), 246, 326, 507
Peak frequency deviation, 333
Peak phase deviation, 333
Peak power, 548
Peak signal, 529
Performance, 26–28, 492
Periodic rectangular waves, 77–78
Periodic waveforms, 37, 75–82
Periodogram, 437
Personal communication service (PCS), 570
Personal computer as a tool, 8
Phase
carrierless amplitude-, 578
clock, 180
delay, 252
detector, 276
deviation, 333
distortion, 87
error, 285
function, 461–463
of input signal, 285
method, 326
of output signal, 285
random start-up, 453
synchronized, 276
unwrapping, 540
Phase-locked loop (PLL), 282–283,
282–290, 286, 322–323
Phase modulation (PM), 240, 241, 313, 331,
335, 348, 536–540
angle-modulated systems, 336–341, 346–348
narrowband angle modulation, 341–342
representation of, 331–335
with sinusoidal modulation, 336–337, 342
wideband digital, 345
wireband frequency modulation, 342–346
Phase-reversal keying (PRK), 507
Phase-shift keying, 10, 313, 368, 371, 374
Phasor, 43–44
Philips Electronics North America
Corporation, 649
Photodiode, 619
Physical bandpass waveform, 239
Physical waveform, 71, 90–91
Physically realizable waveforms, 35–36
Picket-fence effect, 100
Pictures, group of, 651
Π/4 differential quadrature phase-shift
keying (π/4 DQPSK), 374
Π/4 quadrature phase-shift keying
(π/4 QPSK), 374
Pipeline encoding, 145
Plain old telephone service (POTS), 571
PM-AM conversion, 250
Point
discrete, 692
distributions, 685, 688
intercept, 261
substation, 614
Point-to-multipoint transmission, 594
Poisson, 434, 698
Polar baseband signal, 429–432
Polar Fourier series, 74–75
Polar nonreturn-to-zero, 166, 169, 504
Polar signaling, 502
Polar transform, 46
Polarity of processing circuit, 495
Positive frequency, 105, 445
Positive modulation, 314
Power
in, 42
amplifier, 319
of amplitude-modulated signal, 318
average, 38–40, 149, 316, 326, 548
bandwidth, 107, 444
for bipolar line code, 439
carrier, 548
effective isotropic radiated, 597, 634
effective radiated, 351, 634
evaluation of, 39
evolution of, 245–247
gain, 603
instantaneous, 38
noise, 601
normalized, 40–41, 316
out, 42
peak, 548
peak envelope, 246, 326, 507
signal, 35–36, 537, 546
Power spectral density (PSD), 25, 63–65, 80,
343, 374–376, 424–437, 475
actual, maximum, 601
analog techniques, 436
approximation of, 345
available, 601
for bipolar nonreturn-to-zero line code, 435
for bipolar return-to-zero, 172
for bipolar return-to-zero line code, 173
definition of, 424–425
of digital signals, general formula for,
433–435
estimation of, 437
inconsistent, 437
for M-ary phase-shift keying, 376
measurements of, 436–437
numerical computation of, 436–437
properties of, 428–432
for random process, 425
for RC low-pass filtering, 442
of sinusoid, 66–67
unbiased, 437
of waveform, 244
white-noise processes, 435–436
Wiener-Khintchine theorem, 426–428
Power transfer function, 84, 598
Power waveform, 41
Preambles, 187
Prediction
code excited linear, 204
codebook excited linear, 628
filter, 195
vector-sum excited linear, 204
Predictive frame (P-frame) coding, 651
Preemphasis, 346–348
Preemphasized frequency modulation, 348
Prewhitening filter, 498–499
Primary color (RGB), 649
Primary rate integrated service digital
network, 580
Priori statistic, 495
Private branch exchanges (PBX), 580
Probability, 682–685
conditional probability, 684–685
evaluation of, 683
joint probability, 683–684
simple probability, 682–683
Probability density function (PDF), 416,
685–691, 686
binomial, 695
conditional, 494
for diodes, 706–707
distributions, 688–691
Gaussian, 416, 690, 700–701
marginal, 710
multivariate, 709–711
N-dimensional, 695
properties of, 688
Rayleigh, 462
Rician, 513
for sinusoid, 703
uniform, 463
Probability of bit error (P e ), 10, 26
Proceedings of the IEEE, 91
Process/processing. See also Random
process
bandpass, 445, 453, 461–463
circuit, 495
digital signaling, 95, 258, 298
ergodic, 475
front-end, 210
gain, 395
Gaussian, 448, 461
in-phase and quadrature-phase, 291
of linear system, 476
orthogonal, 457