563489578934

752 Index
Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP),
597, 634
Effective radiated power (ERP), 351, 634
Efficiency, 184, 316
Electric energy systems, 2
Electromagnetic waves, 12–17
Electronic service number (ESN), 624
Electronic switching system (ESS), 577
Elliptical orbit, 595
Encoding, 142–145
counting, 145
delta-coded, 145
direct conversion, 145
flash, 145
pipeline, 145
ramp, 145
serial, 145
sigma-delta, 145
split-phase, 166
successive approximation, 145
Energy
finite, 71
signal, 35–36
spectral density, 49–52, 64
storage, 255
waveform, 41
E b /N 0 link budget for digital systems, 612–613
Ensemble, 415
Ensemble average, 692–693
Entropy, 18
Envelope
amplitude modulation systems, 533–535
approximate, 345
complex, 239
delay, 252
detection, 274–275, 356, 534
of Gaussian bandpass process, 461–463
probability density function for, 461–463
Equality, 477
Equalization filter, 141, 177, 187
Equivalent bandwidth, 444, 446, 476
Equivalent low-pass filter, 248–250, 249
Equivalent noise bandwidth, 105–106, 107
Erasable programmable read-only memory
(EPROM), 624
Ergodic random process, 418, 419–420,
444–446, 475
digital signal for, 437–439
root-mean-square for, 437–439
Ergodicity, 418–420
Error
binary signaling, probability for, 497
bit, 10, 26, 166, 176, 523
detection, 167
function, 700–701
phase, 285
symbol, 523
in time delay, 89
timing, 176
Euler’s theorem, 669
Evaluation
of entropy, 18
of information source, 18
of power, 39
of probabilities, 683
Evensided delta function, 676–677
Events
compound, 682
discrete, 690
joint, 683
null, 683
simple, 682
sure, 683
Exchanges, private branch, 580
Expandor, 155
Expansion, 28, 155
Expected value, 692
Exponential pulse, 47
Extension telephone, 579
Eye opening, 176
Eye patterns, 175–176
F
Fast Fourier transform (FFT), 97–98, 101,
104
Fast frequency-shift keyed (FFSK), 381
FCC Rules and Regulations, 107
Federal Communications Commission
(FCC), 11, 15, 107–108, 320, 444, 595,
624, 633
Feedback, 543, 575
Fiber cables, 619
Fiber-optic communication systems, 511, 583,
618–620
Filter/filtering. See also specific types of
adaptive, 187
bandpass, 248–252, 267
baseband, 267
Bessel, 258
Butterworth, 258
ceramic, 257
Chebyshev, 258
classification of, 254–258
crystal, 257
deemphasis, 546
digital, 258
Filter/filtering. (cont.)
distortion, 87
equalization, 141
equalizing, 177, 187
equivalent low-pass, 248–250, 249
integrate-and-dump, 467–469
linear, 257, 464
linear prediction, 195
low-pass, 283
matched, 157, 193, 464, 466–469, 469, 476,
498, 504
mechanical, 257
method, 326
nonlinear, 250
Nyquist, 191–192, 194, 289
prediction, 195
prewhitening, 498–499
raised cosine-rolloff, 191
RC low-pass, 85, 187, 252, 442, 443,
446, 504
requirements for, 190
surface acoustic wave, 257
transfer function of, 257
transmission line, 257
transversal, 195, 257
vector sum excited linear prediction, 628
vestigial sideband, 328
waveshape, 499
Finite energy, 71
Finite series, 674
First generation (1G), 624–626
First-order stationarity, 417–418
Fixed-assigned multiple-access (FAMA), 590
Flash encoding, 145
Flat-top pulse amplitude modulation, 139
Flat-top sampled pulse amplitude
modulation, 141
Flat-top signaling, 137
Forward-error-correction (FEC), 20–21, 597
Four-quadrant multiplier, 268
Four-wire circuit, 573
Fourier coefficients, 77, 79, 97
Fourier series, 71–82, 103–105
complex, 71–72
for periodic waveforms, 75–82
polar, 74–75
quadrature, 72–73
Fourier transform (FT), 44–63
of autocorrelation function, 426
continuous, 101
convolution, 60–63
definition of, 44–48
Dirac delta function, 52–55
discrete, 51, 97–105
energy spectral density, 49–52
fast, 97–98, 101, 104
inverse, 46
Parseval’s Theorem, 49–52
properties of, 48–49
rectangular pulses, 56–60
triangular pulses, 56–60
unit step function, 52–55
Fourth generation (4G), 629–630
Fractional-N technique, 289
Frame synchronization, 178, 206–209,
593, 630
Free space conditions, 600
Free-space intrinsic impedance, 599
Frequency
allocation of, 10–12
bands, 105, 397