563489578934

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Index 749 Bidirectional cable television system, 644 Bidirectional frame (B-frame) coding, 651 Binary code, 142 Binary data, 165 Binary frequency-shift keying, 361 Binary line coding, 164–167 power spectra for, 167–174 Binary modulated bandpass signaling, 353–366 binary phase-shift keying, 357–359 differential phase-shift keying, 359 frequency-shift keying, 359–366 on-off keying, 353–357 Binary phase-shift keyed data, direct sequence spreading, spread spectrum (BPSK-DS-SS), 390 Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), 108–109, 313, 353, 357–359, 506–507, 507 bit error rate for, 507 matched filter for detection of, 471 Binary signaling, 157, 158, 160–162, 198 error probabilities for, 493–499 Gaussian noise, results for, 495–499 general results, 493–495 vector representation of, 158 Binit, 17 Binomial coefficients, 697 Binomial distributions, 695–698 Binomial probability density function, 695 Bipolar line code, 439 Bipolar nonreturn-to-zero, 166, 435, 504 Bipolar return-to-zero, 171–172, 173 Bipolar signaling, 502–504 Bit, 17, 21 Bit error rate (BER), 10, 26, 166, 176, 493, 521–523, 523 for binary phase-shift keying signaling, 507 for frequency-shift keying, 516 for multilevel signaling, 523–524 for nonreturn-to-zero signaling, 504 for on-off keying, 514 probability of, 10, 26 Bit interval, 390 Bit rate, 157, 649 Bit sync, 178, 469 Bit synchronization, 178–181 Bivariate statistics, 711–712 Black-and-white signal, 639 Blackberry telephone, 622 Blackbody, 606 Block codes, 21–22, 26 Block diagram of communication systems, 8–10 Block interleavers, 26 Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenhem (BCH) code, 22 Bounded bandwidth, 444 Bounded spectrum bandwidth, 107 Bright House, 656 Broadband integrated service digital network (B-ISDN), 580 Broadcasting, digital video, 652 B service, 624 Budget, link, 610 Butterworth filter, 255, 258 Bytes, 525 C Cable data modems, 653–654 Cable television (CATV), 43, 644 standards for, 641–649 Capacity of channel, 19 Capture range, 283 Cardinal series, 91 Carrier common, 570 delay, 252 double-sideband suppressed, 241, 321–322 frequency, 238 power, wasted, 548 single channel per, 590–592 single-sideband amplitude modulation suppressed, 241 sync, 178 time delay, 252 Carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), 609, 611 Carrierless amplitude-phase (CAP), 578 Carson’s rule, 341, 589 Cartesian transform, 46 Cascaded linear devices, 607–609 C-band satellites, 589 CBS, 649 Cellular radio, 621–622 Cellular telephone systems, 620–653 Advanced Mobile Phone System circuitswitched system, 624–626 analog black-and-white television, 630–637 analog color television, 637–641 cable television, standards for, 641–649 digital circuit-switched systems, 626–629 digital TV, 649–653 digital with circuit and packet switching, 629 digital with packet switching, 629–630 first generation, 624–626 fourth generation, 629–630 multichannel television sound stereo sound, 637 second generation, 626–629 television, standards for, 641–649 third generation, 629 Center of gravity, 694 Central limit theorem, 715–716 Central office (CO), 570, 622 Ceramic filter, 257 Channel in band on, 320–321, 351 bandwidth, 492 capacity, calculating, 19–20 clear, 15 codes, 9, 20 common signaling, 591–592 communication systems, subsystem of, 8 distortionless, 86 interference with, 297 noise, 534 professional, 637 T-band, 644 virtual, 653 wire, 9 wireless, 9 Charge transfer device (CTD), 257 Chebyshev filter, 255, 258 Chip interval, 390 Chrominance signal, 639 Circuit analog, 283 baseband, 546 dedicated leased, 570 detector, 274 digital signal processing, 652 four-wire, 573 high-impedance, 597 hybrid, 573 ideal envelope, 274 low-impedance, 597 modulation, 546 processing, 495 receiver, 511 resistive, 259 RLC, 259 switch, 319 transistor, 319 transistor-transistor logic, 241 tube, 319 two-wire, 573 very-high-speed integrated, 30 Circuit switched transmission system, 219, 570, 624–626 Clean pulse amplitude modulation, 142 Clear channel, 15 Clearwire, 629, 656 Clock, 180–181, 190 Code-division multiple-access (CDMA), 389, 395, 590, 628 Codebook excited linear prediction (CELP), 204, 628 Coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM), 652 Coding/codes, 20–30. See also specific types of bidirectional frame, 651 binary, 142 block, 21–22, 22, 26 Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenhem, 22 categories of, 21
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Abbreviations AC ADC ADM AM ANSI AP
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DIGITAL AND ANALOG COMMUNICATION SY
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CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF SYMBOLS xi
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Contents v 2-8 Discrete Fourier Tra
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Contents vii 4-16 Transmitters and
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Contents ix 6-10 Appendix: Proof of
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Contents xi 8-11 Wireless Data Netw
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PREFACE Continuing the tradition of
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Preface xv THE PRACTICAL APPLICATIO
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LIST OF SYMBOLS There are not enoug
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List of Symbols xix l an integer n
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List of Symbols xxi DEFINED FUNCTIO
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C h a p t e r INTRODUCTION CHAPTER
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Sec. 1-1 Historical Perspective 3 s
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Sec. 1-2 Digital and Analog Sources
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Sec. 1-4 Organization of the Book 7
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Sec. 1-6 Block Diagram of a Communi
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Sec. 1-7 Frequency Allocations 11 T
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Sec. 1-8 Propagation of Electromagn
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Sec. 1-8 Propagation of Electromagn
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Sec. 1-9 Information Measure 17 In
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Sec. 1-10 Channel Capacity and Idea
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 21 Transmitter Noi
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 23 Convolutional C
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 25 0 1 0 (00) Path
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 27 10 -1 P e = Pro
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 29 TABLE 1-4 CODIN
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Problems 31 Solution: Using Eq. (1-
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Problems 33 1-17 Using the definiti
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Sec. 2-1 Properties of Signals and
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Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and Spec
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( ( Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and
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` Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and Sp
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Sec. 2-3 Power Spectral Density and
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Sec. 2-3 Power Spectral Density and
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Sec. 2-4 Orthogonal Series Represen
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Sec. 2-4 Orthogonal Series Represen
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 71 2-5 FOUR
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 73 where th
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 75 Imaginar
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 77 But the
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 79 The spec
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 81 The PSD
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Sec. 2-6 Review of Linear Systems 8
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Sec. 2-7 Bandlimited Signals and No
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Sec. 2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 105 N
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 107 m
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 109 m
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 111 w
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Sec. 2-11 Study-Aid Examples 113 2-
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Sec. 2-11 Study-Aid Examples 115 SA
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Problems 117 b. Given the RC low-pa
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Problems 119 Sinusoidal current sou
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Problems 121 w(t) A -t 2 -t 1 t 1 t
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Problems 123 where A 1 , A 2 , v1,
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Problems 125 2-57 Show that the qua
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Problems 127 ★ 2-70 Assume that v
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ƒ ƒ Problems 129 2-82 The signal
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Problems 131 2-97 Given the low-pas
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Sec. 3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation
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Sec. 3-3 Pulse Code Modulation 141
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PCM transmitter (analog-to-digital
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 155 wher
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 157 Eq.
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Q Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 159 s(
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 161 1.5
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 163 Bina
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Sec. 3-5 Line Codes and Spectra 165
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Sec. 3-6 Intersymbol Interference 1
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Sec. 3-7 Differential Pulse Code Mo
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DPCM transmitter Analog input signa
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 199 DM tr
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 201 Granu
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 203 This
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Analog input signal Low-pass filter
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Analog input signals Channel 1 (fro
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Low-level distorted TDM input Ampli
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Sec. 3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing
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1 1 1 1 1 30 digital inputs, 64 kb/
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Sec. 3-10 Packet Transmission Syste
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Sec. 3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pu
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Sec. 3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pu
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Sec. 3-13 Study-Aid Examples 225 (a
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Sec. 3-13 Study-Aid Examples 227 (d
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Problems 229 ★ 3-7 Assume that an
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Problems 231 How does the PSD for t
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Problems 233 (a) Using a PC, calcul
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Problems 235 and w 3 (t) = -(t - 1)
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C h a p t e r BANDPASS SIGNALING PR
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Sec. 4-1 Complex Envelope Represent
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Sec. 4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signa
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AM A c |1+m(t2| e 0, m (t) 7-1 L c
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Sec. 4-4 Evaluation of Power 245 Re
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Sec. 4-4 Evaluation of Power 247 wh
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Sec. 4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Lin
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Sec. 4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Lin
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Sec. 4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem
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Sec. 4-8 Classification of Filters
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Sec. 4-8 Classification of Filters
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 259 T
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 261 t
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 263 w
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Sec. 4-10 Limiters 265 v out Ideal
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Sec. 4-11 Mixers, Up Converters, an
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Sec. 4-12 Frequency Multipliers 273
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 275 the
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 277 Det
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 279 Fre
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 281 Thi
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Sec. 4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Fr
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Sec. 4-16 Transmitters and Receiver
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Sec. 4-17 Software Radios 297 Zero-
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 301 No
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 303 Th
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PROBLEMS Problems 305 4-1 Show that
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Problems 307 where m(t) is the modu
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Problems 309 Assume that the input
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Problems 311 4-39 Rework Prob. 4-38
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C h a p t e r AM, FM, AND DIGITAL M
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Sec. 5-1 Amplitude Modulation 315 m
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Sec. 5-1 Amplitude Modulation 317 v
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Sec. 5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Sta
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Sec. 5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed
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Sec. 5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring L
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Sec. 5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signal
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Sec. 5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequ
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Sec. 5-7 Frequency-Division Multipl
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Sec. 5-8 FM Broadcast Technical Sta
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Sec. 5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass
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( ( Sec. 5-9 Binary Modulated Bandp
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Sec. 5-10 Multilevel Modulated Band
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TABLE 5-7 Data V.32BIS AND V.33 MOD
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Sec. 5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying and
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Sec. 5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Divi
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Sec. 5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Divi
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Sec. 5-13 Spread Spectrum Systems 3
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Sec. 5-15 Study-Aid Examples 397 so
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Sec. 5-15 Study-Aid Examples 399 SA
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PROBLEMS Problems 401 ★ 5-1 An AM
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Problems 403 v 3 (t) Low-pass filte
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Problems 405 5-25 A transmitter pro
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Problems 407 5-41 A frequency modul
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Problems 409 FM receiver FM detecto
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Problems 411 (d) Sketch the wavefor
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Problems 413 (a) Show that the Gaus
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Sec. 6-1 Some Basic Definitions 415
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Sec. 6-2 Power Spectral Density 425
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` Sec. 6-2 Power Spectral Density 4
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Sec. 6-3 DC and RMS Values for Ergo
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 439 Example
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 441 x (t) h
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 443 Example
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Sec. 6-5 Bandwidth Measures 445 The
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Sec. 6-6 The Gaussian Random Proces
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Sec. 6-6 The Gaussian Random Proces
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 451 or,
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 453 cer
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 455 p v
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 457 12.
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 459 Pro
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 461 Thu
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 463 f R
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` ` Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 465 Pr
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 467 Equati
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 469 occur
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 471 so whi
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 473 r(t)=s
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Sec. 6-9 Summary 475 6-9 SUMMARY A
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` ` ` Sec. 6-10 Appendix: Proof of
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` Sec. 6-11 Study-Aid Examples 479
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Problems 481 SA6-4 PSD for a Bandpa
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Problems 483 The power of n 1 (t) i
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Problems 485 1 2 x (f) = e N 0, ƒ
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Problems 487 6-42 A bandpass WSS ra
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Problems 489 6-54 A narrowband-sign
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Problems 491 6-60 Let be a wideband
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Sec. 7-1 Error Probabilities for Bi
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Sec. 7-2 Performance of Baseband Bi
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Sec. 7-3 Coherent Detection of Band
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Sec. 7-4 Noncoherent Detection of B
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Sec. 7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Key
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Sec. 7-6 Comparison of Digital Sign
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Sec. 7-6 Comparison of Digital Sign
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Sec. 7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Rat
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TABLE 7-2 COMPARISON OF ANALOG SIGN
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 553 1.
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 555 1.
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 557 by
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 559 (d
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Problems 561 7-5 A whole binary com
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Problems 563 (a) Draw a block diagr
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Problems 565 where u c is the start
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Problems 567 (c) Plot (S/N) out vs.
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C h a p t e r WIRE AND WIRELESS COM
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Sec. 8-2 Telephone Systems 571 Tele
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Sec. 8-2 Telephone Systems 573 The
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Sec. 8-2 Telephone Systems 575 Subs
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Sec. 8-3 Digital Subscriber Lines (
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Sec. 8-5 Satellite Communication Sy
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585 Microwave relay Communication s
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 597 t
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 599 T
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ƒ ƒ Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis
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ƒ ƒ Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 605 o
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 607 o
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 609 w
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 611 U
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 613 E
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 615 2
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 617 F
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Sec. 8-7 Fiber-Optic Systems 619 fi
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Sec. 8-8 Cellular Telephone Systems
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TABLE 8-10 1G MAJOR ANALOG FDMA CEL
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TABLE 8-11 2G MAJOR DIGITAL CELLULA
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Sec. 8-9 Television 631 Camera Targ
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Sec. 8-9 Television 633 The composi
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Sec. 8-9 Television 635 Composite b
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Sec. 8-9 Television 637 pulses. The
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Sec. 8-9 Television 639 from the qu
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Sec. 8-9 Television 641 the x-axis
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Sec. 8-9 Television 643 1 Max. carr
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TABLE 8-13 U.S. TELEVISION AND CABL
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647 52 PP 698.00 - 704.00 390.00 -
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Sec. 8-9 Television 649 encryption
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Sec. 8-9 Television 651 Fig. 5-33,
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Sec. 8-10 Cable Data Modems 653 •
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Sec. 8-11 Wireless Data Networks 65
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Sec. 8-13 Study-Aid Examples 657 TA
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Sec. 8-13 Study-Aid Examples 659 Th
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Sec. 8-13 Study-Aid Examples 661 ca
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Problems 663 8-10 A digital TV stat
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Problems 665 ★ 8-26 A TV set is c
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Problems 667 the IF band of the sat
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A p p e n d i x MATHEMATICAL TECHNI
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A-4 Integral Calculus 671 d sin ax
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A-5 Integral Tables 673 L x2 cos x
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A-8 The Dirac Delta Function 675 A-
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A-9 Tabulation of Sa(x) = (sin x)/x
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A-10 Tabulation of Q (z) 679 z Q(z)
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B-2 Sets 681 used when conversing w
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B-3 Probability and Relative Freque
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B-5 Cumulative Distribution Functio
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B-6 Ensemble Average and Moments 69
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B-7 Examples of Important Distribut
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B-8 Functional Transformations of R
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B-8 Functional Transformations of R
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B-9 Multivariate Statistics 709 B-9
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B-9 Multivariate Statistics 711 Pro
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B-9 Multivariate Statistics 713 x 1
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B-9 Multivariate Statistics 715 Cen
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Problems 717 ★ B-4 A die is tosse
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Problems 719 B-20 Let x be a random
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Problems 721 (a) Verify that f(x 1
Page 1494: A p p e n d i x USING MATLAB MATLAB
Page 1498: C-3 Programming in MATLAB 725 4. At
Page 1502: REFERENCES ABRAMOWITZ, M., and I. A
Page 1506: References 729 BÖRJESSON P. O., an
Page 1510: References 731 FIKE, J. L., and G.
Page 1514: References 733 JENKINS, M. G., and
Page 1518: References 735 NYQUIST, H., “Cert
Page 1522: References 737 SHANMUGAN, K. S., Di
Page 1526: ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS NOTE:
Page 1530: Answers to Selected Problems 741 Ch
Page 1534: Answers to Selected Problems 743 5-
Page 1538: Answers to Selected Problems 745 6-
Page 1542: INDEX A ABC, 649 Absolute bandwidth
Page 1548: 750 Index Coding/codes (cont.) chan
Page 1552: 752 Index Effective isotropic radia
Page 1556: 754 Index In-phase components, 638
Page 1560: 756 Index Multilevel signaling, 157
Page 1564: 758 Index Process/processing (cont.
Page 1568: 760 Index Signal/signaling (cont.)
Page 1572: 762 Index Two-level data, 165 Two-q
Page 1576: TABLE 2-2 SOME FOURIER TRANSFORM PA
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