563489578934

748 Index
Amplitude shift keying (ASK), 353
Analog
circuit, 283
information source, 5
phase-locked loop, 283
switching, 577
techniques, 436
waveform, 6, 132, 162
Analog communication systems, 6
amplitude modulation systems, 532–535
baseband systems, comparison with,
531–532
black-and-white television, 630–637
color television, 637–641
comparison of, 548–550
double-sideband suppressed carrier
systems, 535
frequency modulation systems, 540–547
ideal system performance, 548–550
output signal-to-noise ratios for, 530–547
phase modulation systems, 536–540
single sideband systems, 535–536
Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), 9, 145,
198, 297–298
Analytic function, 90
Analyzing communication systems, 723
Angle-modulated signals, 331, 336–341, 346
Angle-modulated systems, 346–348
Antennas, 586–587
Antipodal signal, 493
Aperture, 141
Approximate envelope, 345
Approximation, 343, 345
Arbitrary waveform generators
(AWG), 290
Armstrong method, 341
ARRL Handbook, 8, 17, 297, 298
A service, 624
Asymmetric sideband signals, 324–330
single, 324–328
vestigial, 328–330
Asymmetrical digital subscriber line
(ADSL), 578
Asymptotically unbiased periodogram, 437
Asynchronous lines, 210–212
AT&T, 575, 624, 628, 629, 649
Audio distortion, 89
Audio mixer, 268
Autocorrelation function, 65–67, 80,
420, 424
of Fourier transform, 426
normalized-data, 434
output, 439
of waveform, 390
Automatic gain control (AGC), 275, 496
Automatic repeat request (ARQ), 20
Automatic teller machines, 594
Autoregressive (AR) model, 437
Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA)
model, 437
Available noise power, 601
Available power gain, 603
Available power spectral density, 601
Avalance photodiode (APD), 619
Average, 692–693
Average effective input-noise temperature,
605
Average information source, 18
Average noise figure, 603
Average power, 38, 40, 548
noise, 149
normalized, 316, 326
signal, 149
of waveforms, 38–40
Average-signal-to-average-noise ratio, 529
B
Balanced discriminator, 278
Band mixer, single-sided, 267
Bandlimiting
digital signal processing, 93–95
dimensionality theorem, 95–97
impulse sampling, 93–95
sampling theorem, 90–93
signals and noise, 89–97
waveforms, 90
white Gaussian-noise process, 450
Bandpass, 9, 238
digital communication signal, 132
dimensionality theorem, 253–254
limiter, 265
noise, white, 457–458
random process, 476
sampling theorem, 252–254, 253
signaling, 237, 241–245
transmission, 252
wide-sense stationary process, 445
Bandpass binary signals
binary-phase-shift keying, 506–507
coherent detection of, 504–511
differential phase-shift keying, 517–518
frequency-shift keying, 507–511, 515–516
noncoherent detection of, 511–518
on-off keying, 504–506, 511–514
Bandpass filtering, 248–252, 267
equivalent low-pass filter, 248–250
impulse response of, 249
input of, 249
linear, 250
output of, 249
Bandpass process, 445, 450–463
Gaussian, 461–463
real, 453
representations of, 450–454
wide-sense stationary, properties of, 454–463
Bandpass waveform, 237–241
all, 238
complex envelope representation of,
238–241
normalized power of, 245
physical, 239
Bands
frequency, 397
high-frequency, 13
medium-frequency, 13
Bandwidth, 521–523
absolute, 105, 189, 190, 444
bounded, 444
bounded spectrum, 107
channel, 492
definition of, 105
equivalent, 444, 476
equivalent noise, 105–106, 107
ergodic random processes and, 444–446
estimation of, 160
expansion, 28
Federal Communications Commission, parameter
requirements for, 107–108, 444
measures of, 444–446
null-to-null, 107, 444
occupied, 107
of PMC signals, 146–148
power, 107, 444
reduction of, 548
root-mean-square, 108, 444
of signal, 105–112, 252
6-dB, 189, 191
3-dB, 105, 444
transmission, 167, 589
zero-crossing, 107, 444
Base station (BS), 395
Baseband
circuit, 546
comparison of, 531–532
definition of, 238
filter, 267
waveform, 238, 240
Baseband binary systems
bipolar signaling, 502–504
performance of, 499–504
polar signaling, 502
unipolar signaling, 499–501
Baseband signaling, 9, 132, 493, 532
polar, 429–432
Basepass signaling, 493
Basic rate integrated service digital
network, 580
Baud, 157, 367
Bayes’ theorem, 684
Bell, Alexander Graham, 570
Bell Laboratories, 215
Bell-type 103 modem, 361–364
Bellcore, 213
Bent-pipe transponders, 587
Bessel filter, 258
Bessel function of the first kind of the nth
order, 337