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B–2 Sets 681 used when conversing with others about statistical results. In addition, you must develop a feeling for the engineering application of these definitions and theorems. We will accomplish this at the beginning, and you will grasp more complicated statistical ideas easily. B–2 SETS DEFINITION. A set is a collection (or class) of objects. The largest set or the all-embracing set of objects under consideration in an experiment is called the universal set. All other sets under consideration in the experiment are subsets, or events, of the universal set. This is illustrated in Fig. B–1a, where a Venn diagram is given. M = milk shakes B M (a) Subsets B = blueberry milk shakes A = houses B = brick buildings AB (b) Intersection AB = brick houses A = houses B = brick buildings A + B A + B (c) Union Figure B–1 Venn diagram.
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Abbreviations AC ADC ADM AM ANSI AP
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DIGITAL AND ANALOG COMMUNICATION SY
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CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF SYMBOLS xi
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Contents v 2-8 Discrete Fourier Tra
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Contents vii 4-16 Transmitters and
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Contents ix 6-10 Appendix: Proof of
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Contents xi 8-11 Wireless Data Netw
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PREFACE Continuing the tradition of
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Preface xv THE PRACTICAL APPLICATIO
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LIST OF SYMBOLS There are not enoug
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List of Symbols xix l an integer n
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List of Symbols xxi DEFINED FUNCTIO
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C h a p t e r INTRODUCTION CHAPTER
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Sec. 1-1 Historical Perspective 3 s
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Sec. 1-2 Digital and Analog Sources
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Sec. 1-4 Organization of the Book 7
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Sec. 1-6 Block Diagram of a Communi
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Sec. 1-7 Frequency Allocations 11 T
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Sec. 1-8 Propagation of Electromagn
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Sec. 1-8 Propagation of Electromagn
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Sec. 1-9 Information Measure 17 In
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Sec. 1-10 Channel Capacity and Idea
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 21 Transmitter Noi
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 23 Convolutional C
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 25 0 1 0 (00) Path
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 27 10 -1 P e = Pro
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 29 TABLE 1-4 CODIN
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Problems 31 Solution: Using Eq. (1-
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Problems 33 1-17 Using the definiti
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Sec. 2-1 Properties of Signals and
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Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and Spec
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( ( Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and
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` Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and Sp
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Sec. 2-3 Power Spectral Density and
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Sec. 2-3 Power Spectral Density and
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Sec. 2-4 Orthogonal Series Represen
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Sec. 2-4 Orthogonal Series Represen
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 71 2-5 FOUR
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 73 where th
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 75 Imaginar
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 77 But the
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 79 The spec
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 81 The PSD
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Sec. 2-6 Review of Linear Systems 8
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Sec. 2-7 Bandlimited Signals and No
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Sec. 2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 105 N
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 107 m
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 109 m
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 111 w
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Sec. 2-11 Study-Aid Examples 113 2-
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Sec. 2-11 Study-Aid Examples 115 SA
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Problems 117 b. Given the RC low-pa
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Problems 119 Sinusoidal current sou
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Problems 121 w(t) A -t 2 -t 1 t 1 t
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Problems 123 where A 1 , A 2 , v1,
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Problems 125 2-57 Show that the qua
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Problems 127 ★ 2-70 Assume that v
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ƒ ƒ Problems 129 2-82 The signal
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Problems 131 2-97 Given the low-pas
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Sec. 3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation
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Sec. 3-3 Pulse Code Modulation 141
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PCM transmitter (analog-to-digital
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 155 wher
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 157 Eq.
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Q Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 159 s(
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 161 1.5
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 163 Bina
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Sec. 3-5 Line Codes and Spectra 165
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Sec. 3-6 Intersymbol Interference 1
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Sec. 3-7 Differential Pulse Code Mo
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DPCM transmitter Analog input signa
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 199 DM tr
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 201 Granu
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 203 This
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Analog input signal Low-pass filter
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Analog input signals Channel 1 (fro
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Low-level distorted TDM input Ampli
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Sec. 3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing
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1 1 1 1 1 30 digital inputs, 64 kb/
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Sec. 3-10 Packet Transmission Syste
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Sec. 3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pu
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Sec. 3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pu
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Sec. 3-13 Study-Aid Examples 225 (a
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Sec. 3-13 Study-Aid Examples 227 (d
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Problems 229 ★ 3-7 Assume that an
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Problems 231 How does the PSD for t
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Problems 233 (a) Using a PC, calcul
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Problems 235 and w 3 (t) = -(t - 1)
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C h a p t e r BANDPASS SIGNALING PR
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Sec. 4-1 Complex Envelope Represent
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Sec. 4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signa
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AM A c |1+m(t2| e 0, m (t) 7-1 L c
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Sec. 4-4 Evaluation of Power 245 Re
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Sec. 4-4 Evaluation of Power 247 wh
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Sec. 4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Lin
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Sec. 4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Lin
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Sec. 4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem
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Sec. 4-8 Classification of Filters
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Sec. 4-8 Classification of Filters
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 259 T
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 261 t
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 263 w
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Sec. 4-10 Limiters 265 v out Ideal
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Sec. 4-11 Mixers, Up Converters, an
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Sec. 4-12 Frequency Multipliers 273
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 275 the
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 277 Det
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 279 Fre
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 281 Thi
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Sec. 4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Fr
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Sec. 4-16 Transmitters and Receiver
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Sec. 4-17 Software Radios 297 Zero-
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 301 No
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 303 Th
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PROBLEMS Problems 305 4-1 Show that
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Problems 307 where m(t) is the modu
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Problems 309 Assume that the input
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Problems 311 4-39 Rework Prob. 4-38
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C h a p t e r AM, FM, AND DIGITAL M
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Sec. 5-1 Amplitude Modulation 315 m
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Sec. 5-1 Amplitude Modulation 317 v
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Sec. 5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Sta
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Sec. 5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed
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Sec. 5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring L
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Sec. 5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signal
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Sec. 5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequ
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Sec. 5-7 Frequency-Division Multipl
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Sec. 5-8 FM Broadcast Technical Sta
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Sec. 5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass
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( ( Sec. 5-9 Binary Modulated Bandp
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Sec. 5-10 Multilevel Modulated Band
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TABLE 5-7 Data V.32BIS AND V.33 MOD
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Sec. 5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying and
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Sec. 5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Divi
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Sec. 5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Divi
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Sec. 5-13 Spread Spectrum Systems 3
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Sec. 5-15 Study-Aid Examples 397 so
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Sec. 5-15 Study-Aid Examples 399 SA
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PROBLEMS Problems 401 ★ 5-1 An AM
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Problems 403 v 3 (t) Low-pass filte
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Problems 405 5-25 A transmitter pro
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Problems 407 5-41 A frequency modul
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Problems 409 FM receiver FM detecto
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Problems 411 (d) Sketch the wavefor
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Problems 413 (a) Show that the Gaus
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Sec. 6-1 Some Basic Definitions 415
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Sec. 6-2 Power Spectral Density 425
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` Sec. 6-2 Power Spectral Density 4
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Sec. 6-3 DC and RMS Values for Ergo
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 439 Example
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 441 x (t) h
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 443 Example
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Sec. 6-5 Bandwidth Measures 445 The
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Sec. 6-6 The Gaussian Random Proces
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Sec. 6-6 The Gaussian Random Proces
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 451 or,
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 453 cer
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 455 p v
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 457 12.
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 459 Pro
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 461 Thu
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 463 f R
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` ` Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 465 Pr
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 467 Equati
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 469 occur
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 471 so whi
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 473 r(t)=s
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Sec. 6-9 Summary 475 6-9 SUMMARY A
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` ` ` Sec. 6-10 Appendix: Proof of
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` Sec. 6-11 Study-Aid Examples 479
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Problems 481 SA6-4 PSD for a Bandpa
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Problems 483 The power of n 1 (t) i
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Problems 485 1 2 x (f) = e N 0, ƒ
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Problems 487 6-42 A bandpass WSS ra
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Problems 489 6-54 A narrowband-sign
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Problems 491 6-60 Let be a wideband
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Sec. 7-1 Error Probabilities for Bi
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Sec. 7-2 Performance of Baseband Bi
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Sec. 7-3 Coherent Detection of Band
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Sec. 7-4 Noncoherent Detection of B
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Sec. 7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Key
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Sec. 7-6 Comparison of Digital Sign
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Sec. 7-6 Comparison of Digital Sign
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Sec. 7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Rat
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TABLE 7-2 COMPARISON OF ANALOG SIGN
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 553 1.
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 555 1.
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 557 by
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Sec. 7-11 Study-Aid Examples 559 (d
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Problems 561 7-5 A whole binary com
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Problems 563 (a) Draw a block diagr
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Problems 565 where u c is the start
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Problems 567 (c) Plot (S/N) out vs.
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C h a p t e r WIRE AND WIRELESS COM
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Sec. 8-2 Telephone Systems 571 Tele
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Sec. 8-2 Telephone Systems 573 The
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Sec. 8-2 Telephone Systems 575 Subs
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Sec. 8-3 Digital Subscriber Lines (
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Sec. 8-5 Satellite Communication Sy
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585 Microwave relay Communication s
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 597 t
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 599 T
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ƒ ƒ Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis
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ƒ ƒ Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 605 o
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 607 o
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 609 w
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 611 U
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 613 E
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 615 2
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Sec. 8-6 Link Budget Analysis 617 F
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Sec. 8-7 Fiber-Optic Systems 619 fi
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Sec. 8-8 Cellular Telephone Systems
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TABLE 8-10 1G MAJOR ANALOG FDMA CEL
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TABLE 8-11 2G MAJOR DIGITAL CELLULA
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Sec. 8-9 Television 631 Camera Targ
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Sec. 8-9 Television 633 The composi
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Sec. 8-9 Television 635 Composite b
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Sec. 8-9 Television 637 pulses. The
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Sec. 8-9 Television 639 from the qu
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Sec. 8-9 Television 641 the x-axis
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Sec. 8-9 Television 643 1 Max. carr
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TABLE 8-13 U.S. TELEVISION AND CABL
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647 52 PP 698.00 - 704.00 390.00 -
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Sec. 8-9 Television 649 encryption
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Sec. 8-9 Television 651 Fig. 5-33,
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Sec. 8-10 Cable Data Modems 653 •
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Page 1370: Sec. 8-13 Study-Aid Examples 661 ca
Page 1374: Problems 663 8-10 A digital TV stat
Page 1378: Problems 665 ★ 8-26 A TV set is c
Page 1382: Problems 667 the IF band of the sat
Page 1386: A p p e n d i x MATHEMATICAL TECHNI
Page 1390: A-4 Integral Calculus 671 d sin ax
Page 1394: A-5 Integral Tables 673 L x2 cos x
Page 1398: A-8 The Dirac Delta Function 675 A-
Page 1402: A-9 Tabulation of Sa(x) = (sin x)/x
Page 1406: A-10 Tabulation of Q (z) 679 z Q(z)
Page 1412: 682 Probability and Random Variable
Page 1416: 684 which is identical to Eq. (B-4)
Page 1440: TABLE B-1 SOME DISTRIBUTIONS AND TH
Page 1456: ƒ ƒ 704 Probability and Random Va
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706 Probability and Random Variable
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710 3. F(a 1 , a 2 ,..., a N ) Prob
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724 Using MATLAB Appendix C Of cour
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726 Using MATLAB Appendix C 6. The
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728 References AT&T, FT-2000 OC-48
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730 References COUCH, L. W., Digita
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732 References HAMMING, R. W., “E
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734 References LIN, D. W., C. CHEN,
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736 References PRITCHARD, W. L., an
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738 References UNGERBOECK, G., “C
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740 Answers to Selected Problems Ch
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742 Answers to Selected Problems 2
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744 Answers to Selected Problems 5-
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746 Answers to Selected Problems h
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748 Index Amplitude shift keying (A
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750 Index Coding/codes (cont.) chan
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752 Index Effective isotropic radia
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754 Index In-phase components, 638
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756 Index Multilevel signaling, 157
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758 Index Process/processing (cont.
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760 Index Signal/signaling (cont.)
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762 Index Two-level data, 165 Two-q
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TABLE 2-2 SOME FOURIER TRANSFORM PA
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