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670<br />

Mathematical Techniques, Identities, and Tables<br />

Appendix A<br />

e;jp>2 = ;j<br />

e ;jnp = b 1, n even<br />

-1, n odd r<br />

x + jy = Re ju , where R = 2x 2 + y 2 , u = tan -1 (y>x)<br />

(Re ju ) y = R y e jyu (R 1 e ju 1<br />

)(R 2 e jyu 2<br />

) = R 1 R 2 e j(u 1+u 2 )<br />

cos (x ; y) = cos x cos y < sin x sin y<br />

sin (x ; y) = sin x cos y ; cos x sin y<br />

cos ax ; p 2 b = A), A = R cos u, B = R sin u<br />

A–2 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS<br />

Definition<br />

df(x)<br />

dx<br />

Differentiation Rules<br />

du(x)v(x)<br />

dx<br />

= lim<br />

f(x + (¢x>2)) - f(x - (¢x>2))<br />

¢x:0<br />

¢x<br />

= u(x) dv(x)<br />

dx<br />

+ v(x) du(x)<br />

dx<br />

du[v(x)]<br />

(products)<br />

dx<br />

= du<br />

dv<br />

dv<br />

(chain rule)<br />

dx<br />

da u(x)<br />

v(x) b<br />

dx<br />

=<br />

v(x) du(x)<br />

dx<br />

- u(x) dv(x)<br />

dx<br />

v 2 (x)<br />

(quotient)<br />

Derivative Table<br />

d[x n ]<br />

dx<br />

= nx n-1<br />

d tan -1 ax<br />

dx<br />

=<br />

a<br />

1 + (ax) 2

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