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C h a p t e r WIRE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS CHAPTER OBJECTIVES • Telephone systems, digital subscriber lines, DSL modems, and fiber-optic loops • Satellite communication systems and satellite radio • Link budget analysis and design • Cellular and personal communication systems • Digital and analog television • Cable data modems • Wireless data networks 8–1 THE EXPLOSIVE GROWTH OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS The explosive growth of both wire and wireless telecommunications has been sparked by the need for personal communication of voice, video, and data and the availability of low-cost integrated circuits and microprocessors. There is a relentless push for higher speed data transmission over wire and wireless systems. This is caused not only by the growth of traditional voice, video, and data systems, but also by the convenience of personal and smart cellular phones, e-mail with file attachments, and the use of the internet. The goal of this chapter is to examine the design of some practical communication systems. These systems are based on the communication principles that have been developed in previous chapters. Also, we see how modern designs are influenced by industry standards and how some sophisticated systems are the evolution of historical systems. This should be a “fun” chapter. 569
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Abbreviations AC ADC ADM AM ANSI AP
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DIGITAL AND ANALOG COMMUNICATION SY
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CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF SYMBOLS xi
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Contents v 2-8 Discrete Fourier Tra
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Contents vii 4-16 Transmitters and
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Contents ix 6-10 Appendix: Proof of
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Contents xi 8-11 Wireless Data Netw
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PREFACE Continuing the tradition of
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Preface xv THE PRACTICAL APPLICATIO
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LIST OF SYMBOLS There are not enoug
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List of Symbols xix l an integer n
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List of Symbols xxi DEFINED FUNCTIO
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C h a p t e r INTRODUCTION CHAPTER
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Sec. 1-1 Historical Perspective 3 s
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Sec. 1-2 Digital and Analog Sources
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Sec. 1-4 Organization of the Book 7
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Sec. 1-6 Block Diagram of a Communi
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Sec. 1-7 Frequency Allocations 11 T
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Sec. 1-8 Propagation of Electromagn
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Sec. 1-8 Propagation of Electromagn
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Sec. 1-9 Information Measure 17 In
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Sec. 1-10 Channel Capacity and Idea
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 21 Transmitter Noi
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 23 Convolutional C
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 25 0 1 0 (00) Path
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 27 10 -1 P e = Pro
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Sec. 1-11 Coding 29 TABLE 1-4 CODIN
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Problems 31 Solution: Using Eq. (1-
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Problems 33 1-17 Using the definiti
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Sec. 2-1 Properties of Signals and
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Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and Spec
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( ( Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and
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` Sec. 2-2 Fourier Transform and Sp
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Sec. 2-3 Power Spectral Density and
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Sec. 2-3 Power Spectral Density and
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Sec. 2-4 Orthogonal Series Represen
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Sec. 2-4 Orthogonal Series Represen
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 71 2-5 FOUR
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 73 where th
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 75 Imaginar
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 77 But the
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 79 The spec
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Sec. 2-5 Fourier Series 81 The PSD
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Sec. 2-6 Review of Linear Systems 8
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Sec. 2-7 Bandlimited Signals and No
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Sec. 2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 105 N
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 107 m
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 109 m
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Sec. 2-9 Bandwidth of Signals 111 w
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Sec. 2-11 Study-Aid Examples 113 2-
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Sec. 2-11 Study-Aid Examples 115 SA
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Problems 117 b. Given the RC low-pa
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Problems 119 Sinusoidal current sou
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Problems 121 w(t) A -t 2 -t 1 t 1 t
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Problems 123 where A 1 , A 2 , v1,
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Problems 125 2-57 Show that the qua
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Problems 127 ★ 2-70 Assume that v
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ƒ ƒ Problems 129 2-82 The signal
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Problems 131 2-97 Given the low-pas
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Sec. 3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation
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Sec. 3-3 Pulse Code Modulation 141
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PCM transmitter (analog-to-digital
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 155 wher
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 157 Eq.
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Q Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 159 s(
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 161 1.5
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Sec. 3-4 Digital Signaling 163 Bina
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Sec. 3-5 Line Codes and Spectra 165
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Sec. 3-6 Intersymbol Interference 1
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Sec. 3-7 Differential Pulse Code Mo
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DPCM transmitter Analog input signa
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 199 DM tr
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 201 Granu
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Sec. 3-8 Delta Modulation 203 This
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Analog input signal Low-pass filter
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Analog input signals Channel 1 (fro
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Low-level distorted TDM input Ampli
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Sec. 3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing
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1 1 1 1 1 30 digital inputs, 64 kb/
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Sec. 3-10 Packet Transmission Syste
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Sec. 3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pu
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Sec. 3-11 Pulse Time Modulation: Pu
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Sec. 3-13 Study-Aid Examples 225 (a
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Sec. 3-13 Study-Aid Examples 227 (d
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Problems 229 ★ 3-7 Assume that an
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Problems 231 How does the PSD for t
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Problems 233 (a) Using a PC, calcul
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Problems 235 and w 3 (t) = -(t - 1)
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C h a p t e r BANDPASS SIGNALING PR
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Sec. 4-1 Complex Envelope Represent
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Sec. 4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signa
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AM A c |1+m(t2| e 0, m (t) 7-1 L c
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Sec. 4-4 Evaluation of Power 245 Re
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Sec. 4-4 Evaluation of Power 247 wh
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Sec. 4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Lin
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Sec. 4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Lin
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Sec. 4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem
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Sec. 4-8 Classification of Filters
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Sec. 4-8 Classification of Filters
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 259 T
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 261 t
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Sec. 4-9 Nonlinear Distortion 263 w
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Sec. 4-10 Limiters 265 v out Ideal
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Sec. 4-11 Mixers, Up Converters, an
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Sec. 4-12 Frequency Multipliers 273
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 275 the
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 277 Det
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 279 Fre
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Sec. 4-13 Detector Circuits 281 Thi
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Sec. 4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Fr
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Sec. 4-16 Transmitters and Receiver
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Sec. 4-17 Software Radios 297 Zero-
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 299 4-
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 301 No
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Sec. 4-19 Study-Aid Examples 303 Th
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PROBLEMS Problems 305 4-1 Show that
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Problems 307 where m(t) is the modu
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Problems 309 Assume that the input
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Problems 311 4-39 Rework Prob. 4-38
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C h a p t e r AM, FM, AND DIGITAL M
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Sec. 5-1 Amplitude Modulation 315 m
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Sec. 5-1 Amplitude Modulation 317 v
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Sec. 5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Sta
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Sec. 5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed
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Sec. 5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring L
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Sec. 5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signal
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Sec. 5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequ
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Sec. 5-7 Frequency-Division Multipl
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Sec. 5-8 FM Broadcast Technical Sta
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Sec. 5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass
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( ( Sec. 5-9 Binary Modulated Bandp
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Sec. 5-10 Multilevel Modulated Band
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TABLE 5-7 Data V.32BIS AND V.33 MOD
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Sec. 5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying and
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Sec. 5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Divi
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Sec. 5-12 Orthogonal Frequency Divi
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Sec. 5-13 Spread Spectrum Systems 3
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Sec. 5-15 Study-Aid Examples 397 so
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Sec. 5-15 Study-Aid Examples 399 SA
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PROBLEMS Problems 401 ★ 5-1 An AM
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Problems 403 v 3 (t) Low-pass filte
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Problems 405 5-25 A transmitter pro
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Problems 407 5-41 A frequency modul
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Problems 409 FM receiver FM detecto
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Problems 411 (d) Sketch the wavefor
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Problems 413 (a) Show that the Gaus
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Sec. 6-1 Some Basic Definitions 415
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Sec. 6-2 Power Spectral Density 425
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` Sec. 6-2 Power Spectral Density 4
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Sec. 6-3 DC and RMS Values for Ergo
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 439 Example
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 441 x (t) h
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Sec. 6-4 Linear Systems 443 Example
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Sec. 6-5 Bandwidth Measures 445 The
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Sec. 6-6 The Gaussian Random Proces
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Sec. 6-6 The Gaussian Random Proces
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 451 or,
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 453 cer
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 455 p v
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 457 12.
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 459 Pro
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 461 Thu
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Sec. 6-7 Bandpass Processes 463 f R
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` ` Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 465 Pr
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 467 Equati
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 469 occur
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 471 so whi
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Sec. 6-8 Matched Filters 473 r(t)=s
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Sec. 6-9 Summary 475 6-9 SUMMARY A
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` ` ` Sec. 6-10 Appendix: Proof of
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` Sec. 6-11 Study-Aid Examples 479
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Problems 481 SA6-4 PSD for a Bandpa
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Problems 483 The power of n 1 (t) i
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Problems 485 1 2 x (f) = e N 0, ƒ
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Problems 487 6-42 A bandpass WSS ra
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Problems 489 6-54 A narrowband-sign
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Problems 491 6-60 Let be a wideband
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Sec. 7-1 Error Probabilities for Bi
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Sec. 7-2 Performance of Baseband Bi
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Sec. 7-3 Coherent Detection of Band
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Sec. 7-4 Noncoherent Detection of B
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Sec. 7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Key
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Sec. 7-6 Comparison of Digital Sign
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Sec. 7-6 Comparison of Digital Sign
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Sec. 7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Rat
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Page 1134: Sec. 7-8 Output Signal-to-Noise Rat
Page 1146: TABLE 7-2 COMPARISON OF ANALOG SIGN
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Page 1182: Problems 567 (c) Plot (S/N) out vs.
Page 1188: 570 Wire and Wireless Communication
Page 1200: 576 Tip (green wire) POTS line card
Page 1216: TABLE 8-2 CAPACITY OF PUBLIC-SWITCH
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594 Wire and Wireless Communication
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( 610 Wire and Wireless Communicati
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ƒ ƒ 640 Wire and Wireless Communi
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Channel Broadcast On-the-Air Channe
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Channel Broadcast On-the-Air Channe
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670 Mathematical Techniques, Identi
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678 A-10 TABULATION OF Q (z) Mathem
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A p p e n d i x PROBABILITY AND RAN
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682 Probability and Random Variable
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684 which is identical to Eq. (B-4)
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TABLE B-1 SOME DISTRIBUTIONS AND TH
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ƒ ƒ 704 Probability and Random Va
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710 3. F(a 1 , a 2 ,..., a N ) Prob
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724 Using MATLAB Appendix C Of cour
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726 Using MATLAB Appendix C 6. The
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728 References AT&T, FT-2000 OC-48
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730 References COUCH, L. W., Digita
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732 References HAMMING, R. W., “E
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734 References LIN, D. W., C. CHEN,
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736 References PRITCHARD, W. L., an
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738 References UNGERBOECK, G., “C
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740 Answers to Selected Problems Ch
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742 Answers to Selected Problems 2
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744 Answers to Selected Problems 5-
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746 Answers to Selected Problems h
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748 Index Amplitude shift keying (A
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750 Index Coding/codes (cont.) chan
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752 Index Effective isotropic radia
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754 Index In-phase components, 638
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756 Index Multilevel signaling, 157
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758 Index Process/processing (cont.
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760 Index Signal/signaling (cont.)
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762 Index Two-level data, 165 Two-q
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TABLE 2-2 SOME FOURIER TRANSFORM PA
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