4569846498
Index 515 generalised translational momenta, 89 linear, 56–57 Moore, 248, 250, 254, 258 Motion ratio, 194, 195 Motion sickness, 139, 201 Motion statement, 97, 159, 160, 197 definition of, 97 Motorcycles, 145, 276 NAFEMS, 21 NASTRAN, 21 Newman/Hass, 127 Newton, 1, 237 Nissan, 443 ATTESA-ETS, 449 full active suspension (FAS), 443–444 high capacity active steering (HICAS), 448 R31 Skyline Coupé, 448, 449 Super-HICAS, 449 Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), 190, 495 Nomix AB, 399 Non-linear equations, 119 backwards differentiation formula (BDF), 121–122 Gstiff integrator, 125 integration methods, 121 Newton-Raphson iteration, 120–121 Nordsieck vector, 125–126 Pascal triangle matrix, 125 predictor-corrector, 123–125 Taylor expansion, 125 No-slip yaw rate, 495 Numerical codes, 15 Objective, 495 von der Ohe, 153 Ohio State University, 19 Olley, 2, 269 van Oosten, 286, 306, 309, 310 Orlandea, 18 Oversteer, 407, 414–420, 496 Ozdalyan, 267, 355 Pacejka, 7, 16, 17, 19, 20, 285, 291, 292, 301, 304 Palmer, 376, 378 Parts, 85–90 definition of, 85 equations of motion for, 86–90 summation of forces and moments on, 114–115 Path error, 496 Phillips, 251, 264, 267, 280 Pilling, 17, 336 Pitch, 496 Porsche, 959, 449 Powered Two Wheeler (PTW), 497 Pre- and post-processing, 127–130 Predictive methods, 497 Process capability, 430, 431 Prodrive, 147, 437 Active Toe Control, 449 Active Torque Distribution, 449–450 Push rod, 157 Quarter vehicle model, 137, 187, 191 Rai, 183 Rake, 497 Rallying, 428–429 RASNA (Applied Motion), 19 Rate, 497 Rebound, 497 Reference frames, 79–84 body co-ordinate system (BCS), 80 Euler-axis frame, 87, 88, 89, 115 ground reference frame (GRF), 79–80, 84 local part reference frame (LPRF), 80–81 marker reference frame (MRF), 80–81 orientation of, 82–84 Refinement, 497 Renault, 127 Request statement, 171 Response, 492–493 expected, 492 forced, 493 unexpected, 492 Rice, 149 Ride, 190–202 analysis of, 191–202 frequency sweep ‘chirp’197 primary mode, 195, 196, 198 wheel hop, 195, 198 Ride rate, 171, 195 Ro, 448 Road surface, 199, 203–204, 299 Robust design, 431, 432 Roll centre, 22, 131, 142, 143, 166–169 calculation with FORTRAN, 170 calculation with Variables, 170 double wishbone location, 167–168
516 Index Roll centre (contd) force roll centre, 22 height, 144 plotted with bump movement, 179 kinematic roll centre, 22 McPherson Strut location, 168–169 Roll stiffness, 345–349 Ross-Martin, 22 Ryan, 17, 20, 75 SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), 149, 250 tyre axis system, 249–250, 512 SARAH, 18 Sayers, 19 Scapaticci, 18, 336, 337, 338 SDFAST, 19 Segel, 2, 15, 16, 139 Service loads, 148 Sforce statement, 104, 105, 186 Sign-off testing, 13, 148 SIMULINK, 375, 389 Sitchen, 301 Sharp, 7, 10, 11, 19, 21, 153, 291, 495, 500 Signal-to-noise ratio, 430–440 SIMPACK, 21 Simulation and Analysis Model (SAM), 16 Slip angle, 7, 141, 269–272, 497–498 see also Tyres Slip ratio, 8, 264–267, 269, 298, 497–498 see also Tyres Smiley, 278 Splines, 106–107 Springs, 103, 339–340 definition with Sforce, 103–104 definition with Springdamper, 105 leaf springs, 340–341 linear formulation, 103–104 Soloman, 183 Stability, 4, 498–499 factor, 408, 411 Static analysis, 116, 226–234 Static force and moment definition, 51–55 Stationary, 499 Steady state, 5, 499 Steer (toe) angle, 163–164 calculation with vectors, 246–247 plotted with bump movement, 179 Steering offset, 499 Steering system, 361–368 steering ratio, 363–366 inputs, 366–368 Subjective, 497 Suspension systems, 131–247 bump movement, 163–164 camber angle, 163–164 castor angle, 165 central link, 150 compliance matrix, 172–175 design process, 132–149 body isolation, 137–139 compliant wheel plane control, 145, 159 component loading environment, 147–149 handling load control, 139–145 kinematic wheel plane control, 145–147, 159 wheel load variation, 133–137 double wishbone, 131, 152 modelling with bushes, 154 modelling with joints, 155 durability studies of, 180–184 data requirements for, 157 example of, 184–190 dynamic analysis of: data requirements for, 157 example of, 186–190 ground level offset, 165–166 half track change, 163–164 Hotchkiss, 150 instant centre, 166–169 kinematic analysis of: data requirements for, 157 example of, 175–180 4 Link Panhard, 150 4 Link Watts, 150 McPherson strut, 150, 153 modelling of, 331 concept approach, 336–338 equivalent roll stiffness model, 333–334, 345–349, 383 linkage model, 335–336, 383 lumped mass model, 332–333, 383 swing arm model, 334–335, 383 motion ratio, 194, 195 multi-link, 153 quadralink, 151 roll centre, 166–169 semi-trailing arm, 151 short-long arm (SLA), 131, 150 static (quasi-static) analysis of: data requirements for, 157 example of, 184–186 steer (toe) angle, 163–164
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- Page 528 and 529: References 505 Hudi, J. AMIGO - A m
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- Page 532 and 533: References 509 European ADAMS News
- Page 534 and 535: Index Abuse loads, 148 3 g bump, 14
- Page 536 and 537: Index 513 Elk Test, 1 El-Nasher, 29
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Index 515<br />
generalised translational momenta, 89<br />
linear, 56–57<br />
Moore, 248, 250, 254, 258<br />
Motion ratio, 194, 195<br />
Motion sickness, 139, 201<br />
Motion statement, 97, 159, 160, 197<br />
definition of, 97<br />
Motorcycles, 145, 276<br />
NAFEMS, 21<br />
NASTRAN, 21<br />
Newman/Hass, 127<br />
Newton, 1, 237<br />
Nissan, 443<br />
ATTESA-ETS, 449<br />
full active suspension (FAS), 443–444<br />
high capacity active steering (HICAS), 448<br />
R31 Skyline Coupé, 448, 449<br />
Super-HICAS, 449<br />
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), 190,<br />
495<br />
Nomix AB, 399<br />
Non-linear equations, 119<br />
backwards differentiation formula (BDF),<br />
121–122<br />
Gstiff integrator, 125<br />
integration methods, 121<br />
Newton-Raphson iteration, 120–121<br />
Nordsieck vector, 125–126<br />
Pascal triangle matrix, 125<br />
predictor-corrector, 123–125<br />
Taylor expansion, 125<br />
No-slip yaw rate, 495<br />
Numerical codes, 15<br />
Objective, 495<br />
von der Ohe, 153<br />
Ohio State University, 19<br />
Olley, 2, 269<br />
van Oosten, 286, 306, 309, 310<br />
Orlandea, 18<br />
Oversteer, 407, 414–420, 496<br />
Ozdalyan, 267, 355<br />
Pacejka, 7, 16, 17, 19, 20, 285, 291, 292, 301,<br />
304<br />
Palmer, 376, 378<br />
Parts, 85–90<br />
definition of, 85<br />
equations of motion for, 86–90<br />
summation of forces and moments on,<br />
114–115<br />
Path error, 496<br />
Phillips, 251, 264, 267, 280<br />
Pilling, 17, 336<br />
Pitch, 496<br />
Porsche, 959, 449<br />
Powered Two Wheeler (PTW), 497<br />
Pre- and post-processing, 127–130<br />
Predictive methods, 497<br />
Process capability, 430, 431<br />
Prodrive, 147, 437<br />
Active Toe Control, 449<br />
Active Torque Distribution, 449–450<br />
Push rod, 157<br />
Quarter vehicle model, 137, 187, 191<br />
Rai, 183<br />
Rake, 497<br />
Rallying, 428–429<br />
RASNA (Applied Motion), 19<br />
Rate, 497<br />
Rebound, 497<br />
Reference frames, 79–84<br />
body co-ordinate system (BCS), 80<br />
Euler-axis frame, 87, 88, 89, 115<br />
ground reference frame (GRF), 79–80,<br />
84<br />
local part reference frame (LPRF),<br />
80–81<br />
marker reference frame (MRF), 80–81<br />
orientation of, 82–84<br />
Refinement, 497<br />
Renault, 127<br />
Request statement, 171<br />
Response, 492–493<br />
expected, 492<br />
forced, 493<br />
unexpected, 492<br />
Rice, 149<br />
Ride, 190–202<br />
analysis of, 191–202<br />
frequency sweep ‘chirp’197<br />
primary mode, 195, 196, 198<br />
wheel hop, 195, 198<br />
Ride rate, 171, 195<br />
Ro, 448<br />
Road surface, 199, 203–204, 299<br />
Robust design, 431, 432<br />
Roll centre, 22, 131, 142, 143, 166–169<br />
calculation with FORTRAN, 170<br />
calculation with Variables, 170<br />
double wishbone location, 167–168
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