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Modelling and assembly of the full vehicle 347 Roll moment (N mm) 6.0E06 4.0E06 2.0E06 0.0 2.0E06 4.0E06 6.0E06 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Roll angle (deg) Fig. 6.22 Front end roll simulation M K T φ φ δ s k s L s Fig. 6.23 Calculation of roll stiffness due to road springs provides the basis for a calculation of the road spring contribution for the simplified arrangement shown. In this case the inclination of the road springs is ignored and have a separation across the vehicle given by L s . As the vehicle rolls through an angle the springs on each side are deformed with a displacement s given by s L s /2 (6.4) The forces generated in the springs F s produce an equivalent roll moment M s given by M s F s L s k s s L s k s L s 2 /2 (6.5)
348 Multibody Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics θ δ r φ a L r Fig. 6.24 Calculation of roll stiffness due to the anti-roll bar The roll stiffness contribution due to the road springs K Ts at the end of the vehicle under consideration is given by K Ts M s /k s L 2 s /2 (6.6) In a similar manner the contribution to the roll stiffness at one end of the vehicle due to an anti-roll bar can be determined as shown in Figure 6.24. In this case if the ends of the anti-roll bar are separated by a distance L r and the vehicle rolls through an angle , the relative deflection of one end of the anti-roll bar to the other r is given by r aL r (6.7) The angle of twist in the roll bar is given by TL r GJ (6.8) where as discussed earlier G is the shear modulus of the anti-roll bar material, J is the polar second moment of area and T is the torque acting about the transverse section of the anti-roll bar. Note that in this analysis we are ignoring the contribution due to bending. The forces acting at the ends of the anti-roll bar F r produce an equivalent roll moment M r given by M r F r L r TL r /a GJ/a L r GJ/a 2 (6.9) The roll stiffness contribution due to the anti-roll bar K Tr at the end of the vehicle under consideration is given by K Tr M r /L r GJ/a 2 (6.10) The contribution of both the road springs and the anti-roll bar can then be added, ignoring suspension bushes here, to give the roll stiffness K T : K T K Ts K Tr (6.11) Note that current practice in vehicles is to have relatively soft springs and fit stiffer anti-roll bars than was the norm some years ago. If vehicles achieve a large proportion of their roll stiffness from anti-roll bars, the subjective phenomenon of ‘roll rock’ (also known as ‘lateral head toss’) becomes problematic. A rule of thumb is that such phenomena begin to emerge when the
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Contents Preface Acknowledgements N
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Contents vii 4.10.1 Problem definit
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Contents ix 8.2.1 Active suspension
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Preface This book is intended to br
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Preface xiii vehicle design process
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Acknowledgements Mike Blundell In d
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Nomenclature xvii {z I } 1 Unit vec
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Nomenclature xix O n Frame for part
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Nomenclature xxi p Magnitude of re
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1 Introduction The most cost-effect
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Introduction 3 subsequent ‘classi
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Introduction 5 Fig. 1.4 Linearity:
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Introduction 7 While apparently a s
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Introduction 9 3. The body yaws (ro
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Introduction 11 Aspiration Definiti
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Introduction 13 Decomposition: Synt
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Introduction 15 The best multibody
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Introduction 17 shows good correlat
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Introduction 19 generated in numeri
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Introduction 21 1.9 Benchmarking ex
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2 Kinematics and dynamics of rigid
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Kinematics and dynamics of rigid bo
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3 Multibody systems simulation soft
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Multibody systems simulation softwa
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4 Modelling and analysis of suspens
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Modelling and analysis of suspensio
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Tyre characteristics and modelling
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Page 320 and 321: Tyre characteristics and modelling
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Simulation output and interpretatio
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down and even more difficult to asc
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8 Active systems 8.1 Introduction M
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Active systems 443 mechanical actua
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Active systems 445 Table 8.1 MSC.AD
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Active systems 447 Body acceleratio
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Active systems 449 impressions of t
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Active systems 451 For this reason,
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Appendix A: Vehicle model system sc
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Appendix B: Fortran tyre model subr
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms Agili
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 489 a
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 491 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 493 e
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 495 m
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 497 h
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 499 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 501 s
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References 503 Blundell, M.V. The m
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References 505 Hudi, J. AMIGO - A m
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References 507 Palmer, D. Course no
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References 509 European ADAMS News
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Index Abuse loads, 148 3 g bump, 14
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Index 513 Elk Test, 1 El-Nasher, 29
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Index 515 generalised translational
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Index 517 steer axis inclination, 1
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