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Tyre characteristics and modelling 311 Actual tyre profile Tyre centre line Tyre model discretization Tyre centre line Tyre cross-sectional elements Input points to define shape Computed points Fig. 5.64 Discretization of tyre profile for durability analysis Fig. 5.65 Intersection of durability tyre model element with road surface element For each of the discrete elements used to model the tyre cross-section the interaction with the road surface elements produces a line projection of the intersection on the tyre element. From this it is possible to compute the area and hence volume related to the penetration of tyre cross-sectional element by the road, for example by summing the three components shown in Figure 5.66. For a tyre with n cross-sectional elements, where each element has m components of penetrated area, the effective penetrated volume, V eff , for the complete tyre is given by V eff n m ∑ ∑ i1 j1 A m w n (5.69) where A m is the penetrated area of the mth component of area within the crosssectional tyre element w n is the width of the nth cross-sectional element of the tyre
312 Multibody Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Fig. 5.66 Penetration of tyre elemental slice by road surface elements Contact point for Area 3 Centre of Area 3 Fig. 5.67 Determination of effective contact point The location of the effective contact point, within the deformed volume of tyre, is found by taking a weighted average of the contact point locations associated with each component of area within each cross-sectional element of the tyre. In Figure 5.67 it can be seen that for the component of area shown, the associated contact point is located where the road surface is intersected by a line normal to the road surface and passing through the centre of area. On this basis the x co-ordinate, X ecp , for the effective contact point of the tyre would be found from n m Amwn Xecp∑ ∑ Xm (5.70) V i1 j1 e ff where X m is the x co-ordinate of the contact point for the mth component of area within the cross-sectional tyre element. The y and z co-ordinates of the effective contact point are found using the same approach used to determine X ecp in equation (5.71). Having located
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Contents Preface Acknowledgements N
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Contents vii 4.10.1 Problem definit
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Contents ix 8.2.1 Active suspension
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Preface This book is intended to br
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Preface xiii vehicle design process
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Acknowledgements Mike Blundell In d
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Nomenclature xvii {z I } 1 Unit vec
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Nomenclature xix O n Frame for part
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Nomenclature xxi p Magnitude of re
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1 Introduction The most cost-effect
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Introduction 3 subsequent ‘classi
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Introduction 5 Fig. 1.4 Linearity:
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Introduction 7 While apparently a s
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Introduction 9 3. The body yaws (ro
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Introduction 11 Aspiration Definiti
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Introduction 13 Decomposition: Synt
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Introduction 15 The best multibody
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Introduction 17 shows good correlat
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Introduction 19 generated in numeri
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Introduction 21 1.9 Benchmarking ex
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2 Kinematics and dynamics of rigid
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Kinematics and dynamics of rigid bo
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3 Multibody systems simulation soft
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Multibody systems simulation softwa
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4 Modelling and analysis of suspens
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Modelling and analysis of suspensio
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Tyre characteristics and modelling
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Modelling and assembly of the full
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7 Simulation output and interpretat
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Simulation output and interpretatio
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8 Active systems 8.1 Introduction M
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Active systems 443 mechanical actua
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Active systems 445 Table 8.1 MSC.AD
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Active systems 447 Body acceleratio
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Active systems 449 impressions of t
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Active systems 451 For this reason,
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Appendix A: Vehicle model system sc
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Appendix B: Fortran tyre model subr
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms Agili
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 489 a
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 491 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 493 e
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 495 m
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 497 h
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 499 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 501 s
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References 503 Blundell, M.V. The m
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References 505 Hudi, J. AMIGO - A m
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References 507 Palmer, D. Course no
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References 509 European ADAMS News
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Index Abuse loads, 148 3 g bump, 14
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Index 513 Elk Test, 1 El-Nasher, 29
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Index 515 generalised translational
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Index 517 steer axis inclination, 1
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