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Modelling and analysis of suspension systems 181 Fig. 4.44 Vehicle durability testing on cobbled road surface (provided courtesy of Jaguar Cars Ltd) Table 4.8 Typical suspension loadcases Loadcase Fx(N) Fy(N) Fz(N) 3g bump 11 180 2g rebound 7 460 0.75g cornering (outer wheel) 4 290 5 880 0.75g cornering (inner wheel) 1 180 1 620 1g braking 5 530 5 530 0.35g reverse braking 2 150 3 330 Kerb impact 9 270 4 120 Pothole braking 15 900 12 360 procedures but typically these will involve establishing road loads resulting, for example, from accelerating, braking, cornering, striking potholes and driving on rough surfaces such as that shown in Figure 4.44. The loads that are applied to the suspension may be considered to act at the tyre contact patch or at the wheel centre depending on the type of loadcase. The loads shown in Table 4.8 are typical of those that might be used for a static analysis on a vehicle of the type for which data is provided in this textbook. In this example, the loads are defined in the x, y and z directions for a co-ordinate system located at the centre of the tyre contact patch as shown in Figure 4.45. For the loads shown in Table 4.8 it is possible to calculate values for cases such as cornering and braking using traditional vehicle dynamics and the principles of weight transfer. For cases involving impacts with kerbs and bumps it may be necessary to obtain instrumented road load measurements on the proving ground. A particularly severe case involves braking while
182 Multibody Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics driving through a pothole. To simulate this sort of case the input loads at the contact patch may be set to produce forces, say acting along a tie rod, that are consistent with measured strains on the actual component during the proving ground tests. The purpose of the multibody systems model of the suspension in this case is to obtain the distribution of the load through the suspension. This is illustrated in Figure 4.45 where it is indicated that for a given set of loads at the tyre contact patch it is possible to predict the forces and moments that would, for example, act through the bushes mounting the suspension arm to the body of the vehicle. These forces and moments can then be used as boundary conditions for finite element models of vehicle structure or of suspension components. A typical finite element model of a suspension arm is shown in Figure 4.46. Fig. 4.45 Fx Longitudinal loads Fz Vertical loads Fy Lateral loads Application of road loads at the tyre contact patch Point D jounce bumper stop z DESIGN 1 Point E torsion bar attachment Point B attachment to knuckle Point C centre of spring seat Point A attachment to cross member x Fig. 4.46 Cars Ltd) y Finite element model of suspension arm (provided courtesy of Jaguar
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Contents Preface Acknowledgements N
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Contents vii 4.10.1 Problem definit
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Contents ix 8.2.1 Active suspension
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Preface This book is intended to br
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Preface xiii vehicle design process
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Acknowledgements Mike Blundell In d
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Nomenclature xvii {z I } 1 Unit vec
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Nomenclature xix O n Frame for part
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Nomenclature xxi p Magnitude of re
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1 Introduction The most cost-effect
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Introduction 3 subsequent ‘classi
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Introduction 5 Fig. 1.4 Linearity:
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Introduction 7 While apparently a s
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Introduction 9 3. The body yaws (ro
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Introduction 11 Aspiration Definiti
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Introduction 13 Decomposition: Synt
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Introduction 15 The best multibody
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Introduction 17 shows good correlat
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Introduction 19 generated in numeri
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Introduction 21 1.9 Benchmarking ex
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2 Kinematics and dynamics of rigid
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Kinematics and dynamics of rigid bo
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3 Multibody systems simulation soft
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Modelling and analysis of suspensio
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Tyre characteristics and modelling
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Modelling and assembly of the full
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7 Simulation output and interpretat
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Simulation output and interpretatio
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8 Active systems 8.1 Introduction M
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Active systems 443 mechanical actua
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Active systems 445 Table 8.1 MSC.AD
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Active systems 447 Body acceleratio
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Active systems 449 impressions of t
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Active systems 451 For this reason,
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Appendix A: Vehicle model system sc
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Appendix B: Fortran tyre model subr
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms Agili
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 489 a
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 491 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 493 e
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 495 m
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 497 h
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 499 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 501 s
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References 503 Blundell, M.V. The m
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References 505 Hudi, J. AMIGO - A m
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References 507 Palmer, D. Course no
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References 509 European ADAMS News
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Index Abuse loads, 148 3 g bump, 14
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Index 513 Elk Test, 1 El-Nasher, 29
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Index 515 generalised translational
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Index 517 steer axis inclination, 1
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