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Modelling and analysis of suspension systems 157 Table 4.5 Indicative data requirements for individual suspension analyses Kinematic or quasi-static vertical rebound to bump analysis Co-ordinates of suspension linkage connections Bush stiffnesses (if this affects the movement) Spring stiffness (if suspension wheel rate is to be calculated) Static or quasi-static durability analysis Co-ordinates of suspension linkage connections Bush stiffnesses Spring stiffness Bump and rebound stops Component flexibility (some suspensions) Dynamic durability or vibration analysis Co-ordinates of suspension linkage connections Mass and inertial properties Bush stiffnesses Bush damping coefficients Spring stiffness Damper properties Bump and rebound stops Component flexibility (some suspensions) Fig. 4.18 Coventry University Formula Student car Bell crank Push rod UNIVERSAL REVOLUTE Spring damper SPHERICAL Body mount Fig. 4.19 Modelling of push rod and bell crank mechanism in student race car
158 Multibody Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics spherical joint at one end and a universal joint at the other end to constrain unwanted spin of the push rod about its own axis. The bell crank is attached to the chassis with a revolute joint, the rotation about which is resisted by the spring damper unit. It can be noted that it is not really necessary to model the spring damper as rigid bodies. The definition of the forces generated will be sufficient to simulate the handling of the full vehicle. 4.4 Determination of suspension system characteristics The suspension design process discussed at the beginning of this chapter has been summarized in Table 4.1 by six areas in which the suspension performance can be assessed. Ultimately the quality of the design will be judged on the performance of the full vehicle, but an early assessment of the suspension design as an individual unit is essential. In order to quantify the performance of the suspension system a range of characteristics may be determined through simulation of a single suspension system or quarter vehicle model. During this chapter it will be shown that a single suspension system can be analysed in a number of ways that will provide information to support the six suspension design activities that have been identified. It should also be noted, however, that while the emphasis in this book is to explain the function and modelling of suspension systems using quarter models, customized software such as ADAMS/Car and ADAMS/Chassis extend the modelling as stated to a half vehicle model analysed using a virtual test rig, an example of which is shown in Figure 4.20. Such a system also allows the additional incorporation of roll bars and a steering system to investigate the cross coupling of left and right suspension systems through roll bar compliance and the effects of steering inputs in isolation or in combination with suspension movement. Fig. 4.20 Use of virtual test rig to analyse a half vehicle suspension model (provided courtesy of MSC.Software)
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Multibody Systems Approach to Vehic
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Contents Preface Acknowledgements N
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Contents vii 4.10.1 Problem definit
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Contents ix 8.2.1 Active suspension
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Preface This book is intended to br
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Preface xiii vehicle design process
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Acknowledgements Mike Blundell In d
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Nomenclature xvii {z I } 1 Unit vec
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Nomenclature xix O n Frame for part
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Nomenclature xxi p Magnitude of re
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1 Introduction The most cost-effect
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Introduction 3 subsequent ‘classi
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Introduction 5 Fig. 1.4 Linearity:
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Introduction 7 While apparently a s
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Introduction 9 3. The body yaws (ro
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Introduction 11 Aspiration Definiti
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Introduction 13 Decomposition: Synt
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Introduction 15 The best multibody
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Introduction 17 shows good correlat
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Introduction 19 generated in numeri
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Introduction 21 1.9 Benchmarking ex
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2 Kinematics and dynamics of rigid
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Kinematics and dynamics of rigid bo
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3 Multibody systems simulation soft
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Modelling and analysis of suspensio
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Tyre characteristics and modelling
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Modelling and assembly of the full
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7 Simulation output and interpretat
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Simulation output and interpretatio
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8 Active systems 8.1 Introduction M
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Active systems 443 mechanical actua
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Active systems 445 Table 8.1 MSC.AD
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Active systems 447 Body acceleratio
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Active systems 449 impressions of t
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Active systems 451 For this reason,
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Appendix A: Vehicle model system sc
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Appendix B: Fortran tyre model subr
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms Agili
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 489 a
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 491 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 493 e
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 495 m
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 497 h
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 499 t
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Appendix C: Glossary of terms 501 s
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References 503 Blundell, M.V. The m
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References 505 Hudi, J. AMIGO - A m
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References 507 Palmer, D. Course no
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References 509 European ADAMS News
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Index Abuse loads, 148 3 g bump, 14
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Index 513 Elk Test, 1 El-Nasher, 29
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Index 515 generalised translational
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Index 517 steer axis inclination, 1
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