480531170

110
L4
111
L4
京
KYŌ, KEI
capital
8 strokes
TŌKYŌTokyo
JŌKYŌgoing to capital
KEIHINTokyo-Yokohama
Typical OBI ; bronze . OBI forms seem to
show some sort of building seemingly on top
of a hill or artificially raised mound of earth.
Katō and Ogawa favour this interpretation. In
ancient China nobles often lived in houses el-
強
KYŌ, GŌ, shiiru,
tsuyoi/meru/maru
strength, compel
11 strokes
BENKYŌstudy
GŌTŌburglar/burglary
tsuyomistrong point
Seal . According to Qiu, (a variant of ;
standard in PRC usage) originally refers to type
of ‘insect’ 60, but came to be used as substitute
for another graph of more complex shape,
i.e. . In part, this was because pronunciation
for the two words concerned in early Chinese
represented by /and was identical, if
we accept Schuessler’s reconstruction of sound
112
L4
教
KYŌ, oshieru
teach
11 strokes
KYŌKAIchurch
KYŌSHITSUclassroom
oshiegopupil
On the basis of the OBI and bronze
forms, the components of this graph are considered
to be roof crossbeams (representing
a building), 27 ‘child’, and / a hand
evated above the general populace. Shirakawa,
by contrast, interprets both OBI and bronze
forms as showing a watchtower over an arched
gate. Either way, the graph can be taken as a
structure controlled by those in positions of
power, leading to extended meanings such as
‘great’ and ‘capital (city)’ KJ1970:345; OT1968:38;
SS1984:190-91. Suggest take graph as tōrō
(stone garden lantern).
Mnemonic: FANCY LANTERN SYMBOLISES
THE CAPITAL
values. Latter graph is made up of ’bow’ 107
and two ‘field’ graphs 63 with three straight
dividing lines (note that as independent graph
this component here had the sense of ‘boundary’).
The meaning of , first found in OBI texts,
is tentatively taken as ‘strong bow’ by Tōdō,
who sees ‘unmoving’ – and thereby ‘strong’ –
as extended senses of ‘boundary’. As for ,
it is thought that the bow, being of standard
length, may have had the additional role of being
a convenient tool for making land measurements.
QX2000:358; AS2007:427; MR2007:484;
TA1965:394-5. Suggest taking as a nose.
Mnemonic: STRONG BOW AIMED AT
INSECT’S NOSE
holding a stick, meaning ‘strike, beat, compel’
(distinguish from ‘descending foot’; see
Appendix). That is, this was a school where
children were taught by coercive methods;
Shirakawa says it was children of nobility who
were taught by elders. By extension, the graph
came to be used for ‘teach’. Modern form has
equivalent to , known as the ‘old man’ determinative.
SS1984:195; KJ1970:173; OT1968:439.
Mnemonic: OLD MAN, STICK IN HAND,
TEACHES CHILD TO COUNT BEAMS
113
近
KIN, chikai
Seal . Has 85 ‘walk along road, go’, and
near
1233 (‘ax’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘a
L4
7 strokes
little’. ‘Near’ is an extended sense based on ‘walk
a short distance’. MR2007:503; KJ1970:285;
KINJOneighborhood
OT1968:993; TA1960:695-8.
SAIKINrecently
Mnemonic: GO TO AN AX NEARBY
chikamichishortcut
The 160 Second Grade Characters 73