480531170

97
角
KAKU, tsuno, kado OBI . Based on pictograph of horn of ox,
horn, angle, corner sheep, or similar animal; ‘corner, angle’ may
L3
7 strokes
be extended senses from protruding horn.
MR2007:306; MS1995:v2:1182-3; YK1976:194-5.
KAKUDOangle
tsunobuebugle, horn
machikadostreet corner
Mnemonic: ANGULAR HORN IS QUITE
SQUARE WITH BROKEN TIP
98
L4
楽
13
GAKU, RAKU, tanoshii/mu
pleasure, music
strokes
KIRAKUcomfort
GAKKIinstrument
tanoshimipleasure
Traditional . Interpretations vary. OBI form
; bronze . OBI form is seen as i) an oak/
horse chestnut tree (Yamada, Katō), specifically
with silkworm cocoons (Mizukami)
or threads (Ogawa) in it; or ii) as a musical
instrument (Ma, Shirakawa) – Shirakawa sees
it as a handbell with wooden handle, rung
to please the deities. Tōdō is of the view the
graph originally meant ‘make a loud noise’,
later borrowed for ‘music’. The element 69
(‘white’) was added at bronze stage, possibly
as a phonetic, but could be semantic (or both),
as it might originally have depicted an acorn.
Schuessler notes relationship with ‘joy’ has
been much debated. YK1976:488; KJ1970:196;
MS1995:v1:684-6; OT1968:513; MR2007:338-9;
SS1984:111; TA1965:273-5; AS2007:596-7. Use
73 ‘wood, tree’
Mnemonic: TASSELED DRUM ON WOODEN
STAND MAKES PLEASING MUSIC
99
L3
活
KATSU
activity, life
9 strokes
SEIKATSUlife
KAKKIliveliness
KATSUDŌactivity
A late graph (Shuowen). Has ‘water’ 42 and
755 (‘tongue’) as phonetic, with associated
sense ‘move freely’. Tōdō includes it in two
word-families: one means ‘give freedom/room’,
the other signifies ‘water moves strongly’. ‘Live/
life’ is an extended sense from ‘move strongly/
vigorously’. KJ1970:329-30; YK1976:198-9;
TA1965:624-9, 638-9.
Mnemonic: WET TONGUE IS A SIGN OF AN
ACTIVE LIFE
100
間
KAN, KEN, aida, ma
space, gap
L5
12 strokes
JIKANhour, time
NINGENhuman being
machigaimistake
Bronze and seal (Shuowen) forms show
18 ‘moon’ through 231 ‘gate’, as does the
traditional form, though in modern times
has been replaced by 66 ‘day/sun’. The ‘moon’
component is felt by Katō and Ogawa to be a
phonetic, though the Late Han sound values
for andseem to be markedly different. Perhaps
for this reason Qiu prefers a semantic role
for and believes the graph ‘shows a gate with
an opening through which moonlight can be
seen’. KJ1970:217-8; OT1968:1058; AS2007:303,
595; QX2000:192.
Mnemonic: SUN SHINES THROUGH GAP IN
SALOON DOORS
70 The 160 Second Grade Characters