480531170

85
遠
EN, tōi
distant
L4
13 strokes
ENSOKUexcursion
ENSHIlongsighted
tōmawaridetour
The determinative derives from 131
‘road, go’ and 143 ‘stop’ (originally, pictograph
of foot, hence also ‘go’). Right element is
CO 84 with semantic role as well as phonetic.
Beyond that, views diverge, depending on
meaning given to . Katō and Ogawa broadly
agree the basic sense of is ‘long’, thus ‘long
movement’. Shirakawa, by contrast, sees it as
ritualistic sending off of a deceased person on
their last distant journey. Tōdō differs, taking
linguistic form of the full graph as a member
of a word family with the basic meaning of
‘make room, give latitude’. KJ1970:109-10;
OT1968:1010; SS1984:59; TA1960:624-31. As
with 84, we suggest as 64 ‘soil’, 22
‘opening’ and as ‘funny clothing’ 444.
Mnemonic: GO TO DISTANT OPENING TO SEE
FUNNY SOILED CLOTHES
86
L5
何
KA, nan(i)
what? how many?
7 strokes
nanKAIhow often?
nanSAIhow old?
nanimonowho?
Ma and Shirakawa see the OBI form as a
person carrying a halberd over their shoulder.
Yamada takes 655 (‘able, should’) as
phonetic, with associated sense ‘hunchback’,
and ‘carry on the back’ as an extended meaning,
while Katō takes ‘carry on the back’ as
the primary associated sense. This sense has
now been taken over by 259 ‘load’, leaving
with just a loan sense. MR2007:381-2;
SS1984:72; YK1976:79; KJ1970:122. Suggest
taking it as a combination of 41 ‘person’ and
‘655 ‘able, should’.
Mnemonic: WHAT!? HOW MANY LOADS CAN
A PERSON CARRY!?
87
L3
科
KA
course, section
9 strokes
KAGAKUscience
GAKKAschool subject
EIGOKAEnglish Dept
Combines , based on pictograph of grain
plant , and 1766, based on pictograph
of ladle , giving rise to meaning ‘measure’
> ‘sift’ > ‘category’ > ‘section’. Used already in
the sense of ‘class, degree’ in classical Chinese
texts such as Analects of Confucius. also
probably served phonetic role in coining this
character, as Late Han sound values of and
were similar. ‘Course’ is associated meaning.
SS1984:75; OT1968:448; AS2007:333, 273.
Mnemonic: A COURSE ON MEASURES FOR
GRAIN PLANTS
88
夏
KA, GE, natsu
postulates that the dance was held in summer,
summer
and this graph came to mean ‘summer’ by asso-
L4
10 strokes
ciation. The determinative in is traditionally
(no.35) ‘walk slowly/drag foot’, even though
SHOKAearly summer
now conventionally written just like (no.34)
manatsumidsummer
‘(descending) foot’. See Appendix. SS1984:75;
GESHIsummer solstice
KJ1970:118-9; OT1968:229-30. Suggest taking
Traditional . Early forms (bronze) such as ,
as ‘crossed legs’, and the upper part as head.
are complex graphs widely seen as showing
someone dancing, probably with mask. Ogawa
Mnemonic: MASKED HEAD AND CROSSED
LEGS SHOW SUMMER MADNESS
The 160 Second Grade Characters 67