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THE 160 SECOND GRADE CHARACTERS
81
L4
引
IN, hiku
pull, draw
4 strokes
INRYOKUgravity
JIbikidictionary
torihikidealings
OBI ; bronze ; listed in the Shuowen as .
Very similar to modern version. Karlgren takes
as depicting a bow together with the bowstring.
Katō and Yamada take the long vertical
stroke as a phonetic element with associated
sense ‘pull, extend’. SS1984:30; BK1957:106;
KJ1970:164; YK1976:59.
Mnemonic: FANCY BOW WITH STRING
WAITING TO BE PULLED
82
L3
羽
UMŌplumage
haorihaori coat
ICHIwaone bird
U, ha, -wa, hane
wing, feather,
bird-counter
6 strokes
Traditional . OBI form shows to be based
on pictograph of bird’s wings or feathers.
MR2007:279; MS1995:v2:1046-7; YK1976:62-3.
Mnemonic: FEATHERED WINGS
83
L3
雲
UN, kumo
cloud
12 strokes
SEIUNnebula
ukigumodrifting cloud
kumoyukiturn of events
Based on pictograph of a cloud (). The
graph was borrowed for its sound value to
represent a homophonous word in early
Chinese meaning ‘say’ (also an NJK with that
meaning), as well as for another word meaning
‘revolve’. Then, to clearly indicate ‘cloud’, 3
‘rain, weather element’ was added at the seal
stage, giving . MR2007:453-4; SS1984:41;
KJ1970:72; YK1976:63-4; AS2007:597;
KJ1985:653; MS1995:v2:1418-20.
Mnemonic: RAIN FROM HEAVENLY CLOUDS
84
L3
園
EN, sono
park, garden
13 strokes
KŌENpark
DŌBUTSUENzoo
hanazonoflower garden
Late graph (Shuowen) . Has determinative
‘surround’, and as a phonetic, with
associated meaning ‘fence’. is a CO with an
original meaning of ‘long robe’, ‘ample clothing’,
with associated sense of encircling, hence
encircled area. Tōdō includes these in a wordfamily
meaning ‘round/surround’. KJ1970:110;
TA1965:611-21. As a mnemonic, we suggest
taking as 64 ‘soil’, 22 ‘opening’ and
as ‘funny clothing’ 444.
Mnemonic: AT OPENING OF ENCLOSED PARK,
FUNNY CLOTHES GET SOILED
66