480531170

2121
賂
RO, mainai
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 10
bribe, bribery
‘shell (currency)’, with 462 (‘each, every’)
L1
13 strokes
as phonetic with associated sense ‘stop,
leave as is’ (Katō). According to Katō, in ancient
times gifts were brought to court and
WAIRObribe, bribery
(no further compounds)
laid out as tribute, and the original meaning
of this graph is ‘present/set out gifts’. Shirakawa
agrees this was the original meaning.
‘Bribe’ evolved at an early juncture as an
extended sense. KJ1970:193; SS1984:910.
Mnemonic: USE EACH AND EVERY SHELL AS
A BRIBE
2122
L1
露
21
RO, RŌ, tsuyu
dew, reveal, small,
Russia
strokes
ROSHUTSUexposure
yotsuyuevening dew
ROTENstreet stall
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 3
‘rain’, with 439 (‘road’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘condense’, giving ‘weather
element that condenses’ – in this case a reference
to rain-like ‘dew’. Gu suggests ‘expose’
is an extended sense based on dew forming
outside where there is no obstruction to
stop it forming; perhaps best seen as tentative.
‘Small’ may be extended sense from
droplet. Also used in Japanese (written style)
for its sound value for ‘Russia’. KJ1970:191;
AS2007:366; GY2008:2015-16.
Mnemonic: ‘RAIN’ ON SMALL RUSSIAN ROAD
REVEALED TO BE DEW
2123
L1
弄
7
GURŌridicule
GANRŌtoying with
HONRŌtrifling with
RŌ, moteasobu, ijiru
play, ridicule, amuse
oneself
strokes
Bronze ; seal . Has the shape , here
standing for 15 ‘jade, precious stone’
(q.v.), with ‘both hands’ (see e.g. 1639).
is typically taken as semantic in function
here, giving ‘fondle/handle jade disc’ (Mizukami
takes to be disc of translucent stone
similar to lapis lazuli). An alternative view
(followed by Katō) takes as phonetic with
associated sense ‘rub, smoothe’, but still
giving the same overall meaning. Mizukami
and Gu treat ‘play, amuse oneself’ as extended
senses. ‘Ridicule’ may also be extended
sense. MS1995:v1:462-3; GY2008:361;
KJ1970:442-3. Take as twenty (two ‘tens’
35).
Mnemonic: AMUSE ONESELF PLAYING WITH
TWENTY JADE DISCS – RIDICULOUS!
The Remaining 1130 Characters 639